WordNet

unconstrained or not chemically bound in a molecule or not fixed and capable of relatively unrestricted motion; "free expansion"; "free oxygen"; "a free electron"
people who are free; "the home of the free and the brave" (同)free people
free from obligations or duties (同)discharge
free or remove obstruction from; "free a path across the cluttered floor" (同)disengage
grant freedom to; free from confinement (同)liberate, release, unloose, unloosen, loose
not literal; "a loose interpretation of what she had been told"; "a free translation of the poem" (同)loose, liberal
make (information) available for publication; "release the list with the names of the prisoners" (同)release
able to act at will; not hampered; not under compulsion or restraint; "free enterprise"; "a free port"; "a free country"; "I have an hour free"; "free will"; "free of racism"; "feel free to stay as long as you wish"; "a free choice"
not held in servitude; "after the Civil War he was a free man"
not occupied or in use; "a free locker"; "a free lane"
an impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning
a state of surviving; remaining alive (同)endurance
a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment (同)survival of the fittest, natural_selection, selection
something that survives
caused by or altered by or manifesting disease or pathology; "diseased tonsils"; "a morbid growth"; "pathologic tissue"; "pathological bodily processes" (同)morbid, pathologic, pathological

PrepTutorEJDIC

(束縛された状態になく)『自由な』,自由の身の / (国家・国民などが)『独立している』 / (思想・行為などが)強制されない,自発的な / (動作が)拘束されない,無理のない / 《補語にのみ用いて》(苦痛・制約などを)『免れている』,(誤り・偏見などの)ない《+『from』(『of』)+『名』》 / 《補語にのみ用いて》《『be free to』do》『自由に』…『できる』 / (仕事から)解放された,暇になった;(部屋などが)使用されていない,空いた / 『無料の』;無税の / 出し惜しみしない / 遠慮のない,慎みがない / (道路などが)障害のない,自由に通れる / 固定していない,離れた / 無料で / 自由に,妨げられずに(freely) / (…から)〈人・国など〉‘を'『自由にする』,解放する《+『名』+『from』+『名』》 / (困難などから)〈人〉‘を'救う《+『名』+『form』+『名』》 / (障害などを)〈人・物〉‘から'取り除く《+『名』+『of』(『from』)+『名』》 / (物を)…‘から'片付ける,外す《+『名』+『of』+『名』》
(体の)『病気』,疾患 / (精神・道徳などの)病気,病弊
女性の話術芸人 =diseur
〈U〉(…が)生き残ること,(…の)生存,残存《+of+名》 / 〈C〉生存者,残存者;残存物,遺物
病気にかかった / 病的な,不健全な(morbid)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/09/27 07:55:25」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

Survival rate is a part of survival analysis, indicating the percentage of people in a study or treatment group who are alive for a given period of time after diagnosis. Survival rates are important for prognosis, but because this rate is based on the population as a whole, an individual prognosis may be different depending on newer treatments since the last statistical analysis as well as the overall general health of the patient.^{[citation needed]} There are various types of survival rates (discussed below). They often serve as endpoints of clinical trials, and should not be confused with mortality rates, a population metric.

Overall survival

Patients with a certain disease (for example, colorectal cancer) can die directly from that disease or from an unrelated cause (for example, a car accident). When the precise cause of death is not specified, this is called the overall survival rate or observed survival rate. Doctors often use mean overall survival rates to estimate the patient's prognosis. This is often expressed over standard time periods, like one, five, and ten years. For example, prostate cancer has a much higher one year overall survival rate than pancreatic cancer, and thus has a better prognosis.

Net survival rate

When someone is interested in how survival is affected by the disease, there is also the net survival rate, which filters out the effect of mortality from other causes than the disease. The two main ways to calculate net survival are relative survival and cause-specific survival or disease-specific survival.

Relative survival has the advantage that it does not depend on accuracy of the reported cause of death; cause specific survival has the advantage that it does not depend on the ability to find a similar population of people without the disease.

Relative survival

Relative survival is calculated by dividing the overall survival after diagnosis of a disease by the survival as observed in a similar population that was not diagnosed with that disease. A similar population is composed of individuals with at least age and gender similar to those diagnosed with the disease.

Cause-specific survival and disease-specific survival

Disease-specific survival rate refers to "the percentage of people in a study or treatment group who have not died from a specific disease in a defined period of time. The time period usually begins at the time of diagnosis or at the start of treatment and ends at the time of death. Patients who died from causes other than the disease being studied are not counted in this measurement." ^[1]

Median survival

Median survival, or "median overall survival" is also commonly used to express survival rates. This is the amount of time after which 50% of the patients have died and 50% have survived. In ongoing settings such as clinical trials, the median has the advantage that it can be calculated once 50% of subjects have reached the clinical endpoint of the trial, whereas calculation of an arithmetical mean can only be done after all subjects have reached the endpoint.^[2]

Five-year survival

Five-year survival rate measures survival at 5 years after diagnosis.

Disease-free survival, progression-free survival, and metastasis-free survival

In cancer research, various types of survival rate can be relevant, depending on the cancer type and stage. These include the disease-free survival (DFS) (the period after curative treatment [disease eliminated] when no disease can be detected), the progression-free survival (PFS) (the period after treatment when disease [which could not be eliminated] remains stable, that is, does not progress), and the metastasis-free survival (MFS) or distant metastasis–free survival (DMFS) (the period until metastasis is detected). Progression can be categorized as local progression, regional progression, locoregional progression, and metastatic progression.

References

^ Definition : disease-specific survival rate
^ "median overall survival". NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms. National Cancere Institute. Retrieved 4 December 2014.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 小児におけるセリアック病の管理 management of celiac disease in children
2. 川崎病：初期治療および予後 kawasaki disease initial treatment and prognosis
3. 下肢末梢動脈疾患の臨床的特徴、診断、および自然史 clinical features diagnosis and natural history of lower extremity peripheral artery disease
4. 小児におけるセリアック病の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of celiac disease in children
5. 若年男女における冠動脈疾患および心筋梗塞 coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction in young men and women

English Journal

Emerging treatment strategies in recurrent platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer: Focus on trabectedin.

Poveda A1, Ray-Coquard I2, Romero I3, Lopez-Guerrero JA4, Colombo N5.Author information 1Área Clínica de Oncología Ginecológica, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Prof. Baguena, 19, 46009 Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: apoveda@fivo.org.2Département d'Oncologie Médicale Adulte, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France. Electronic address: isabelle.ray-coquard@lyon.unicancer.fr.3Área Clínica de Oncología Ginecológica, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Prof. Baguena, 19, 46009 Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: nachete54@hotmail.com.4Área Clínica de Oncología Ginecológica, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Prof. Baguena, 19, 46009 Valencia, Spain; Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Prof. Baguena, 19, 46009 Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: jalopez@fivo.org.5Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Interdisciplinare, Università Milano-Bicocca and Divisione di Ginecologia Oncologica Medica, Via Ripamonti, 435-20141 Milano, Italy. Electronic address: nicoletta.colombo@ieo.it.AbstractOvarian cancer (OC) is the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancies. In spite of high response rates to the standard front-line treatment for advanced disease with cytoreductive surgical debulking, followed by platinum/taxane-based chemotherapy, most patients eventually relapse developing drug-resistant disease. Owing to the molecular heterogeneity, genetic instability and mutagenicity of OC, increases in survival might be achieved by translating recent insights at the morpho-molecular levels to individual therapeutic strategies. Several emerging treatments have been shown to be active in platinum-sensitive (PS) recurrent OC (ROC), but an optimal strategy still has not been established. Based on the recent results, it is likely that the introduction of novel non-platinum based chemotherapies and molecular targeted therapies will have a major impact on the management of ROC. Some current strategies are focused on the extension of platinum-free interval (PFI) in patients with PS, particularly in those with partially PS disease. Apparently, the PFI extension by an effective non-platinum intervention, such as trabectedin plus pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD), may reduce cumulative platinum-induced toxicities leading to longer survival after the reintroduction of subsequent platinum. The introduction of novel therapies, such as the antiangiogenic monoclonal antibody bevacizumab, opens a new field of targeted therapies in this indication. In this review, we aim to outline the therapeutic potential of new emerging approaches, particularly the role of non-platinum therapy with trabectedin in combination with PLD in patients with PS ROC.
Cancer treatment reviews.Cancer Treat Rev.2014 Apr;40(3):366-75. doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2013.08.001. Epub 2013 Aug 8.
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancies. In spite of high response rates to the standard front-line treatment for advanced disease with cytoreductive surgical debulking, followed by platinum/taxane-based chemotherapy, most patients eventually relapse develop
PMID 24296108

Additive effect of the AZGP1, PIP, S100A8 and UBE2C molecular biomarkers improves outcome prediction in breast carcinoma.

Parris TZ, Kovács A, Aziz L, Hajizadeh S, Nemes S, Semaan M, Forssell-Aronsson E, Karlsson P, Helou K.Author information Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.AbstractThe deregulation of key cellular pathways is fundamental for the survival and expansion of neoplastic cells, which in turn can have a detrimental effect on patient outcome. To develop effective individualized cancer therapies, we need to have a better understanding of which cellular pathways are perturbed in a genetically defined subgroup of patients. Here, we validate the prognostic value of a 13-marker signature in independent gene expression microarray datasets (n = 1,141) and immunohistochemistry with full-faced FFPE samples (n = 71). The predictive performance of individual markers and panels containing multiple markers was assessed using Cox regression analysis. In the external gene expression dataset, six of the 13 genes (AZGP1, NME5, S100A8, SCUBE2, STC2 and UBE2C) retained their prognostic potential and were significantly associated with disease-free survival (p < 0.001). Protein analyses refined the signature to a four-marker panel [AZGP1, Prolactin-inducible protein (PIP), S100A8 and UBE2C] significantly correlated with cycling, high grade tumors and lower disease-specific survival rates. AZGP1 and PIP were found in significantly lower levels in invasive breast tissue as compared with adjacent normal tissue, whereas elevated levels of S100A8 and UBE2C were observed. A predictive model containing the four-marker panel in conjunction with established clinical variables outperformed a model containing the clinical variables alone. Our findings suggest that deregulated AZGP1, PIP, S100A8 and UBE2C are critical for the aggressive breast cancer phenotype, which may be useful as novel therapeutic targets for drug development to complement established clinical variables.
International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.Int J Cancer.2014 Apr 1;134(7):1617-29. doi: 10.1002/ijc.28497. Epub 2013 Oct 12.
The deregulation of key cellular pathways is fundamental for the survival and expansion of neoplastic cells, which in turn can have a detrimental effect on patient outcome. To develop effective individualized cancer therapies, we need to have a better understanding of which cellular pathways are per
PMID 24114735

Monounsaturated fatty acids in serum triacylglycerols are associated with response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients.

Hilvo M, Gade S, Hyötyläinen T, Nekljudova V, Seppänen-Laakso T, Sysi-Aho M, Untch M, Huober J, von Minckwitz G, Denkert C, Orešič M, Loibl S.Author information Biotechnology for Health and Well-being, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, VTT, Espoo, Finland.AbstractChanges in cellular lipid metabolism are a common feature in most solid tumors, which occur already in early stages of the tumor progression. However, it remains unclear if the tumor-specific lipid changes can be detected at the level of systemic lipid metabolism. The objective of this study was to perform comprehensive analysis of lipids in breast cancer patient serum samples. Lipidomic profiling using an established analytical platform was performed in two cohorts of breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The analyses were performed for 142 patients before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and the results before chemotherapy were validated in an independent cohort of 194 patients. The analyses revealed that in general the tumor characteristics are not reflected in the serum samples. However, there was an association of specific triacylglycerols (TGs) in patients' response to chemotherapy. These TGs containing mainly oleic acid (C18:1) were found in lower levels in those patients showing pathologic complete response before receiving chemotherapy. Some of these TGs were also associated with estrogen receptor status and overall or disease-free survival of the patients. The results suggest that the altered serum levels of oleic acid in breast cancer patients are associated with their response to chemotherapy.
International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.Int J Cancer.2014 Apr 1;134(7):1725-33. doi: 10.1002/ijc.28491. Epub 2013 Oct 8.
Changes in cellular lipid metabolism are a common feature in most solid tumors, which occur already in early stages of the tumor progression. However, it remains unclear if the tumor-specific lipid changes can be detected at the level of systemic lipid metabolism. The objective of this study was to
PMID 24114462

Japanese Journal

IS-19 Is The Number of Pelvic Nodes Removed Related to The Incidence of Positive Node and Disease Free Survival in Cervical Cancer Patient Treated With Radical Hysterectomy?(Group3 Oncology3,International Session)

Suprasert Prapaporn,Charoenkwan Kittipat,Cheewakriangkrai Chalong,Kietpeerakool Chumnan,Siriaree Sitthicha,Saeteng Charuwan,Phongnarisorn Chailert,Srisomboon Jatupol
日本産科婦人科學會雜誌 63(2), 918, 2011-02-01
NAID 110008510172

Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy with S-1 as First-line Treatment for Patients with Oropharyngeal Cancer

OHNISHI Kayoko,SHIOYAMA Yoshiyuki,NAKAMURA Katsumasa,NAKASHIMA Torahiko,OHGA Saiji,NONOSHITA Takeshi,YOSHITAKE Tadamasa,TERASHIMA Kotarou,KOMUNE Shizuo,HONDA Hiroshi
Journal of radiation research 52(1), 47-53, 2011-01-16
… Results: With a median follow-up time of 33 months, the 3-year estimates of local-regional control, distant metastases-free survival, disease-free survival, and overall survival for all patients were 75%, 80%, 65%, and 80%, respectively. … Conclusions: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy with S-1 was found to be effective, especially for early disease. …
NAID 10027418232

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「progression-free survival」「無病生存期間」「event-free survival」「無病生存率」
関連記事	「disease」「free」「survival」