WordNet

unconstrained or not chemically bound in a molecule or not fixed and capable of relatively unrestricted motion; "free expansion"; "free oxygen"; "a free electron"
people who are free; "the home of the free and the brave" (同)free people
free from obligations or duties (同)discharge
free or remove obstruction from; "free a path across the cluttered floor" (同)disengage
grant freedom to; free from confinement (同)liberate, release, unloose, unloosen, loose
not literal; "a loose interpretation of what she had been told"; "a free translation of the poem" (同)loose, liberal
make (information) available for publication; "release the list with the names of the prisoners" (同)release
able to act at will; not hampered; not under compulsion or restraint; "free enterprise"; "a free port"; "a free country"; "I have an hour free"; "free will"; "free of racism"; "feel free to stay as long as you wish"; "a free choice"
not held in servitude; "after the Civil War he was a free man"
not occupied or in use; "a free locker"; "a free lane"
the condition of being free; the power to act or speak or think without externally imposed restraints
in a free manner; "the painting featured freely brushed strokes"
remark made spontaneously without prior preparation; "his ad-libs got him in trouble with the politicians"
said or done without having been planned or written in advance; "he made a few ad-lib remarks" (同)spontaneous, unwritten
with little or no preparation or forethought; "his ad-lib comments showed poor judgment"; "an extemporaneous piano recital"; "an extemporary lecture"; "an extempore skit"; "an impromptu speech"; "offhand excuses"; "trying to sound offhanded and reassuring"; "an off-the-cuff toast"; "a few unrehearsed comments" (同)extemporaneous, extemporary, extempore, impromptu, offhand, offhanded, off-the-cuff, unrehearsed
constitute an addition; "This paper will add to her reputation"
make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of; "We added two students to that dorm room"; "She added a personal note to her letter"; "Add insult to injury"; "Add some extra plates to the dinner table"
make an addition by combining numbers; "Add 27 and 49, please!" (同)add together
state or say further; "`It doesnt matter, he supplied" (同)append, supply
a public promotion of some product or service (同)advertisement, advertizement, advertising, advertizing, advert
in the Christian era; used before dates after the supposed year Christ was born; "in AD 200" (同)A.D., anno_Domini
Chinese distance measure; approximately 0.5 kilometers

PrepTutorEJDIC

(束縛された状態になく)『自由な』,自由の身の / (国家・国民などが)『独立している』 / (思想・行為などが)強制されない,自発的な / (動作が)拘束されない,無理のない / 《補語にのみ用いて》(苦痛・制約などを)『免れている』,(誤り・偏見などの)ない《+『from』(『of』)+『名』》 / 《補語にのみ用いて》《『be free to』do》『自由に』…『できる』 / (仕事から)解放された,暇になった;(部屋などが)使用されていない,空いた / 『無料の』;無税の / 出し惜しみしない / 遠慮のない,慎みがない / (道路などが)障害のない,自由に通れる / 固定していない,離れた / 無料で / 自由に,妨げられずに(freely) / (…から)〈人・国など〉‘を'『自由にする』,解放する《+『名』+『from』+『名』》 / (困難などから)〈人〉‘を'救う《+『名』+『form』+『名』》 / (障害などを)〈人・物〉‘から'取り除く《+『名』+『of』(『from』)+『名』》 / (物を)…‘から'片付ける,外す《+『名』+『of』+『名』》
〈U〉〈C〉『自由』 / 〈U〉〈C〉(束縛・義務・不安などからの)『解放』,免除《+『from』+『名』》 / 〈U〉自由自在,のびのびしていること〈C〉なれなれしさ,無遠慮 / 《the~》(市民権・会員権などの)権利享有権(権物などへの)出入りの自由,(…の)自由使用権《+『of』+『名』》
『自由に』;かってに / 『惜しげなく』,十分に / 率直に;無遠虜に / 自分から進んで
1〈二つ以上のもの〉'を'『合計する』《+『名』+『up』(『together』),+『up』(『together』)+『名』》 / (…に)…'を'『加える』,足す,付け足す《+『名』+『to』(『and』)+『名』》 / 《『add』+『that』『節』》…‘と'つけ加える / 足し算をする,加える
《話》広告(advertisementの略)
(…)解放(liberation)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/10/13 13:54:55」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Ad libitum (/ædˈlɪbɨtəm/) is Latin for "at one's pleasure" (at liberty); it is often shortened to "ad lib" (as an adjective or adverb) or "ad-lib" (as a verb or noun). The roughly synonymous phrase a bene placito ("in accordance with [one's] good pleasure") is less common but, in its Italian form a piacere, entered the musical lingua franca (see below).

Music or rhythm

As a direction in sheet music, ad libitum indicates that the performer or conductor has one of a variety of types of discretion with respect to a given passage:

to play the passage in free time rather than in strict or "metronomic" tempo (a practice known as rubato when not expressly indicated by the composer);
to improvise a melodic line fitting the general structure prescribed by the passage's written notes or chords;
to omit an instrument part, such as a nonessential accompaniment, for the duration of the passage; or
in the phrase "repeat ad libitum," to play the passage an arbitrary number of times (cf. vamp).

Note that the direction a piacere (see above) has a more restricted meaning, generally referring to only the first two types of discretion. Baroque music, especially, has a written or implied ad libitum, with most composers intimating the freedom the performer and conductor have.

For post-Baroque classical music and jazz, see cadenza.

Biology

Ad libitum is also used in psychology and biology to refer to the "free-feeding" weight of an animal, as opposed, for example, to the weight after a restricted diet or pair feeding. For example, "The rat's ad libitum weight was about 320 grams." In nutritional studies, this phrase denotes providing an animal free access to feed or water thereby allowing the animal to self-regulate intake according to its biological needs. For example, "Rats were given ad libitum access to food and water."

In biological field studies it can also mean that information or data were obtained spontaneously without a specific method.

Medical prescriptions may use the abbreviation ad lib. to indicate "freely" or that as much as one desires should be used. More common is pro re nata dosing, in which a drug is used only if needed and only up to some maximum amount.

Drama

Ad-lib is used to describe individual moments during live theatre when an actor speaks through their character using words not found in the play's text. When the entire performance is predicated on spontaneous creation, the process is called improvisational theatre.

In film, the term ad-lib usually refers to the interpolation of unscripted material in an otherwise scripted performance. For example, in interviews, Dustin Hoffman says he ad-libbed the now famous line, "I'm walking here! I'm walking here!" as "Ratso" Rizzo in Midnight Cowboy.

Live performers such as television talk-show hosts sometimes deliver material that sounds ad-libbed but is actually scripted, and may employ ad-lib writers to prepare such material.^[1] Some actors are also known for their ability or tendency to ad-lib, such as Peter Falk (of the series Columbo), who would ad-lib such mannerisms as absent-mindedness while in character.

The HBO sitcom Curb Your Enthusiasm by Seinfeld co-creator Larry David primarily uses retroscripting and ad lib instead of scripted dialogue.

References

^ Wilson, Earl (15 July 1951). "That's Earl, Brother". Milwaukee Sentinel. Retrieved 2015-06-12.

Ehrlich, Eugene (1985). Amo, Amas, Amat and More. New York: Harper & Row, Publishers. p. 23.

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Lee D1, Baldassano RN, Otley AR, Albenberg L, Griffiths AM, Compher C, Chen EZ, Li H, Gilroy E, Nessel L, Grant A, Chehoud C, Bushman FD, Wu GD, Lewis JD.
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PMID 25970545

Fasting and other mild stresses with hormetic effects in Drosophila melanogaster can additively increase resistance to cold.

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Rapid Changes in Scores on Principal Components of the EEG Spectrum do not Occur in the Course of "Drowsy" Sleep of Varying Length.

Putilov AA1.
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Wakefulness is separated from a well-established sleep by an onset period. This is characterized by dramatic changes in scores on the first and second principal components of the electroencephalographic (EEG) spectrum, which reflects the kinetics of sleep- and wake-promoting processes. The present a
PMID 24699439

Japanese Journal

アドリブ装飾可能なプレゼンテーションシステム (マルチメディア・仮想環境基礎)

籏岡亮,井村誠孝,吉元俊輔 [他]
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NAID 40020150154

アドリブ装飾可能なプレゼンテーションシステム (ヒューマンインフォーメーション人工現実感)

籏岡亮,井村誠孝,吉元俊輔 [他]
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引用を導入した学級における「聴くこと・発言形成」に関わる方略の習得 : 中学年の授業過程の事例的検討を通して

佐々原正樹
日本教育工学会論文誌 36(4), 375-391, 2013-02-20
本研究の目的は,「引用」を導入した学級(3年生から4年生)において,どのような「聴くこと・発言形成」に関わる方略が習得されるのか,さらに,その方略の習得の結果,どのような話し合い行為が出現するのか,を明らかにすることであった.そのために,中学年の国語科授業場面における授業過程の学年間比較を事例的に行った.その結果,以下のことが示された.1)他者の発話を即興的に取り入れ,それを根拠や論点とする児童が …
NAID 110009596083