WordNet

the act of examining something closely (as for mistakes) (同)scrutiny
the act of giving students or candidates a test (as by questions) to determine what they know or have learned (同)testing
a set of questions or exercises evaluating skill or knowledge; "when the test was stolen the professor had to make a new set of questions" (同)exam, test
relating to or performed with the fingers; "digital examination"
displaying numbers rather than scale positions; "digital clock"; "digital readout"
of a circuit or device that represents magnitudes in digits; "digital computer"
one of the elements that collectively form a system of numeration; "0 and 1 are digits" (同)figure
a finger or toe in human beings or corresponding body part in other vertebrates (同)dactyl
of or involving the rectum; "rectal cancer"

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉(…の)『試験』《+『in』(『on』)+『名』ofを用いない》 / 〈U〉〈C〉(…の)『調査』,検討《+『into』(『of』)+『名』》 / 〈C〉〈U〉『診察』,診断 / 〈C〉詩験問題[用紙];詩験答案[用紙]
指の / 数字の;計数型の / (タイプライターなどの)鍵(けん),キー
(手足の)指 / アラビア数字(0から9までの一つ;0を除くこともある)
直腸(rectum)の

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/06/27 21:22:39」(JST)

wiki en

A rectal examination or rectal exam is an internal examination of the rectum such as by a physician or other healthcare professional.

Procedure[edit]

The digital rectal examination (DRE, Latin palpatio per anum or PPA) is a relatively simple procedure. The patient undresses, then is placed in a position where the anus is accessible (lying on the side, squatting on the examination table, bent over the examination table, or lying down with feet in stirrups).

If the patient is lying on their side, the physician will usually have them bring one or both legs up to their chest. If the patient bends over the examination table, the physician will have them place their elbows on the table and squat down slightly. If the patient uses the supine position, the physician will ask the patient to slide down to the end of the examination table until their buttocks are positioned just beyond the end. The patient then places their feet in the stirrups.

The physician spreads the buttocks apart and will usually examine the external area (anus and perinium) for any abnormalities such as hemorrhoids, lumps, or rashes. Then, as the patient relaxes, the physician slips a gloved and lubricated finger into the rectum through the anus and palpates the insides for approximately sixty seconds.

Usage[edit]

This examination may be used:

for the diagnosis of rectal tumors and other forms of cancer;
for the diagnosis of prostatic disorders, notably tumors and benign prostatic hyperplasia;^[1]^[2]
for the diagnosis of appendicitis or other examples of an acute abdomen (i.e. acute abdominal symptoms indicating a serious underlying disease);
for the estimation of the tonicity of the anal sphincter, which may be useful in case of fecal incontinence or neurologic diseases, including traumatic spinal cord injuries;
in females, for gynecological palpations of internal organs;
for examination of the hardness and color of the feces (i.e. in cases of constipation, and fecal impaction);
prior to a colonoscopy or proctoscopy;
to evaluate hemorrhoids;
In newborns to exclude imperforate anus.

The DRE is frequently combined with an FOBT (fecal occult blood test), which may be useful for diagnosing the etiology of an anemia and/or confirming a gastrointestinal bleed.

The DRE is inadequate as a screening tool for colorectal cancer because it examines less than 10% of the colorectal mucosa; sigmoidoscopy is preferred. However, it is an important part of a general examination, as many tumors or other diseases are made manifest in the distal part of the rectum.

Sometimes proctoscopy may also be part of a rectal examination.

Veterinary medicine[edit]

In veterinary medicine rectal examination is useful in dogs for analysis of the prostate (as in men), pelvic urethra, sublumbar lymph nodes, and anal glands. In horses it is a vital component of the clinical examination for colic, to determine the presence or absence of bowel torsion, impaction, or displacement. When horses undergo a rectal examination there is a small risk of a rectal tear occurring, which can be a life-threatening event, rapidly leading to peritonitis and septic shock. It is also a common procedure in cattle, and is one method of diagnosing pregnancy in both the horse and the cow.

The procedure in dogs and cats is similar to humans. For the horse, the patient stands in a stock and may be sedated. The examiner puts on a long glove that extends to the shoulder. The examiner inserts the hand and arm into the rectum as far as necessary.

Popular culture[edit]

Due to the taboos surrounding the anus, and the potential for discomfort and embarrassment, the rectal exam is a common comedic device. Generally, it is not shown directly, but implied as the examiner dons and lubricates a glove while behind the patient. The Family Guy episode Stewie Loves Lois even uses the rectal exam as the main plot, when Peter Griffin, not realizing it is a routine medical procedure for checking for prostate cancer, thinks he is being "raped". The body cavity search is frequently used the same way.

References[edit]

^ Chodak, GW.; Keller, P.; Schoenberg, HW. (May 1989). "Assessment of screening for prostate cancer using the digital rectal examination.". J Urol 141 (5): 1136–8. PMID 2709500.
^ Schroder, F. H.; Kruger, A. B.; Rietbergen, J.; Kranse, R.; Maas, P. v. d.; Beemsterboer, P.; Hoedemaeker, R. (1998). "Evaluation of the Digital Rectal Examination as a Screening Test for Prostate Cancer". JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute 90 (23): 1817–1823. doi:10.1093/jnci/90.23.1817. ISSN 0027-8874.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 前立腺癌のスクリーニング screening for prostate cancer
2. 大腸癌のスクリーニング：平均的リスクの患者における戦略 screening for colorectal cancer strategies in patients at average risk
3. 成人におけるごく少量の直腸からの出血へのアプローチ approach to minimal bright red bleeding per rectum in adults
4. 前立腺癌の臨床所見および診断 clinical presentation and diagnosis of prostate cancer
5. 高齢者における便秘 constipation in the older adult

English Journal

Phase 3 clinical trial investigating the effect of selenium supplementation in men at high-risk for prostate cancer.

Algotar AM, Stratton MS, Ahmann FR, Ranger-Moore J, Nagle RB, Thompson PA, Slate E, Hsu CH, Dalkin BL, Sindhwani P, Holmes MA, Tuckey JA, Graham DL, Parnes HL, Clark LC, Stratton SP.SourceThe University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
The Prostate.Prostate.2013 Feb 15;73(3):328-35. doi: 10.1002/pros.22573. Epub 2012 Aug 10.
PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Se supplementation on prostate cancer incidence in men at high risk for prostate cancer.METHODS: A Phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in 699 men at high risk for prostate cancer (prostate sp
PMID 22887343

A preliminary exploration of the feasibility of offering men information about potential prostate cancer treatment options before they know their biopsy results.

Zeliadt SB, Hannon PA, Trivedi RB, Bonner LM, Vu TT, Simons C, Kimmie CA, Hu EY, Zipperer C, Lin DW.AbstractABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: A small pre-test study was conducted to ascertain potential harm and anxiety associated with distributing information about possible cancer treatment options at the time of biopsy, prior to knowledge about a definitive cancer diagnosis. Priming men about the availability of multiple options before they have a confirmed diagnosis may be an opportunity to engage patients in more informed decision-making.
BMC medical informatics and decision making.BMC Med Inform Decis Mak.2013 Feb 6;13(1):19. [Epub ahead of print]
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: A small pre-test study was conducted to ascertain potential harm and anxiety associated with distributing information about possible cancer treatment options at the time of biopsy, prior to knowledge about a definitive cancer diagnosis. Priming men about the availability of mul
PMID 23388205

Japanese Journal

集学的治療により良好に経過している転移性前立腺癌肉腫の1例

松岡崇志,杉野善雄,小林恭 [他],寺田直樹,山崎俊成,松井喜之,今村正明,大久保和俊,神波大己,吉村耕治,小川修
泌尿器科紀要 = Acta urologica Japonica 59(11), 749-752, 2013-11
… Prostate surface was smooth and elastic hard on digital rectal examination. …
NAID 120005350248

MRIにて特徴的所見を呈した前立腺原発悪性リンパ腫の1例

堀靖英,西井正彦,舛井覚 [他],吉尾裕子,長谷川嘉弘,神田英輝,山田泰司,有馬公伸,杉村芳樹
泌尿器科紀要 = Acta urologica Japonica 59(6), 377-380, 2013-06
… An enlarged, stony, hard prostate was palpable on digital rectal examination, but the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was 4.65 ng/ml. … Although the frequency of primary ML of the prostate is low, by paying careful attention to the characteristic signs on MRI and examination findings, we should consider a differential diagnosis of ML of the prostate, which is not a typical manifestation of prostatic cancer. …
NAID 120005298144

根治的前立腺摘除術を施行した前立腺Stromal tumor of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP)の1例

岡田学,田中俊明,福多史昌 [他],舛森直哉,塚本泰司,髙木誠次,長谷川匡
泌尿器科紀要 = Acta urologica Japonica 59(2), 137-140, 2013-02
… A digital rectal examination revealed a markedly enlarged prostate and his serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) was 9.0 ng/ml. …
NAID 120005244228

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「直腸診」「DRE」
関連記事	「examination」「digit」「digital」「rectal」

「直腸診」

Rectal examination
	Intervention
	; Digital rectal exam: side view of the male reproductive and urinary anatomy, including the prostate, rectum, and bladder.
ICD-9-CM	89.34
MeSH	D051517
MedlinePlus	007069

　　[★]

英: rectal examination, digital rectal examination DRE
同: 直腸検査、直腸内診、直腸内触診直腸指診 digital anorectal examination rectal touch。ジギタールやdigitalと記載されることがある

[show details]

直腸診 : 約 69,000 件
直腸指診 : 約 15,800 件

直腸病変の診察
また、消化管出血の有無を確かめることが可能。
側臥位、シムス位で行う

「DRE」

　　[★] 直腸診、digital rectal examination、rectal examination

「examination」

　　[★]

n.

(～の/～を得る/に入るための)試験(をする/されること)、考査（in,on/for)。試験問題/答案(cf. test, quiz)
(～の)調査、検査。検討/吟味(する/されること)、考察(of, into)
診察、(医学)(診断用)標本検査、生検
(正式)(法律)審問、尋問。審理。(記録などの)調査

関: assessment, checkup, exam, examine, inspection, investigate, investigation, test, testing, trial

「digit」

　　[★]

n.

数字、桁、指

関: digitus、finger、numeral、order、order of magnitude

「digital」

　　[★]

adj.

計数的な、デジタル

関: quantal; 直腸診の略

「rectal」

　　[★]

adj.

直腸の

関: rectum

[Chodak-1989-1] Chodak, GW.; Keller, P.; Schoenberg, HW. (May 1989). "Assessment of screening for prostate cancer using the digital rectal examination.". J Urol 141 (5): 1136–8. PMID 2709500.

[SchroderKruger1998-2] Schroder, F. H.; Kruger, A. B.; Rietbergen, J.; Kranse, R.; Maas, P. v. d.; Beemsterboer, P.; Hoedemaeker, R. (1998). "Evaluation of the Digital Rectal Examination as a Screening Test for Prostate Cancer". JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute 90 (23): 1817–1823. doi:10.1093/jnci/90.23.1817. ISSN 0027-8874.

匿名

検索

案内

案内

digital rectal examination