The interior of the anal cami and lower part of the rectum, showing the columns of Morgagni and the anal valves between their lower ends. (Pectinate line visible but not labeled.)
Details
Identifiers
Latin
Linea pectinata, linea anocutanea
TA
A05.7.05.009
FMA
29321
Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]
The pectinate line (dentate line) is a line which divides the upper two thirds and lower third of the anal canal. Developmentally, this line represents the hindgut-proctodeum junction.
It is an important anatomical landmark, and several distinctions can be made based upon the location of a structure relative to this line:
Distinction
Above pectinate line
Below pectinate line
Lymph drainage
internal iliac [1]
superficial inguinal lymph nodes (below Hilton's white line)
Epithelium
columnar epithelium (as is most of the digestive tract - the line represents the end of the part of the body derived from the hindgut)
stratified squamous epithelium, non-keratinized (until Hilton's white line, where the anal verge becomes continuous with the perianal skin containing keratinized epithelium.)
Embryological origin[2]
endoderm
ectoderm
Artery
superior rectal artery
middle and inferior rectal arteries
Vein
superior rectal vein draining into the inferior mesenteric vein and subsequently the hepatic portal system
middle and inferior rectal veins
Hemorrhoids classification
internal hemorrhoids (not painful)
external hemorrhoids (painful)
Nerves
inferior hypogastric plexus
inferior rectal nerves
Additional images
Microscopic cross section of the anorectal junction.
Anatomy of the anus and rectum
Coronal section of rectum and anal canal.
References
^MD, Tao Le, MD, MHS, Vikas Bhushan, MD, Matthew Sochat, MD (2017). First aid for the USMLE step 1 2017 : a student-to-student guide. ISBN 978-0071831420.
^Schoenwolf, Gary C.; Bleyl, Steven B.; Brauer, Philip R.; Francis-West, Philippa H. (2014-12-01). Larsen's Human Embryology. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 372. ISBN 9781455727919.
External links
pelvis at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (rectum)
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Anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract, excluding the mouth
Upper
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Enterochromaffin-like cell
Lower
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Microanatomy
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Authority control
TA98: A05.7.05.009
UpToDate Contents
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… is divided by the dentate (pectinate) line, a macroscopically visible landmark that overlies the transition from glandular to squamous mucosa; immediately proximal to the dentate line, a narrow zone of …
…are located distal to the dentate line; Internal hemorrhoids are located proximal to the dentate line; Mixed hemorrhoids are located both proximal and distal to the dentate line; While no widely used …
…history of use for childhood tinea capitis and is a well-accepted first-line therapy. Terbinafine has emerged as an alternative first-line agent that may offer the advantage of shorter treatment courses. Fluconazole …
…technique – Draw a line from the mastoid process to the C6 transverse process (ie, the Chassaignac tubercle) along the posterior border of the SCM Insert the needle at the midpoint of this line. After negative …
…ultrasound transducer in an axial position at the level of the umbilicus, at the anterior axillary line Visualize the external oblique, IO, and TA muscles, as well as the peritoneal cavity; fascial planes …
English Journal
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Postoperative functional outcomes and complications of partially intraanal canal anastomosis in stapled ileal pouch anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis.
Sugita A, Koganei K, Tatsumi K, Futatsuki R, Kuroki H, Yamada K, Kimura H, Fukushima T.
International journal of colorectal disease. 2019 Jul;34(7)1317-1323.
For ulcerative colitis (UC), stapled ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) reportedly results in better bowel function than does IPAA with mucosectomy. However, a potential cancer risk in the remnant mucosa has been observed. The clinical results of IPAA by double stapling technique (DS-IPAA) in which
The Dentate line (Pectinate line) differentiates external and internal hemorrhoids. External hemorrhoids are located below the dentate line and drain via the inferior rectal veins into the pudendal vessels and then into the internal iliac ...
The line between the simple columnar epithelium of the rectum and the stratified epithelium of the anal canal, usually defined as being at the level of the anal valves at the bases of the anal columns. Synonym(s): dentate line.
Dentate line The part which borders the anus from the rectum, about 1.5 cm inside from the anal verge. The part inside, or going inside the dentate line is called the rectum, and the part outside of it is the anus. Anus Because the ...
Long interspersed nuclear elements[8] are a group of genetic elements that are found in large numbers in eukaryotic genomes. They are transcribed (or are the evolutionary remains of what was once transcribed) to an RNA using an RNA polymerase II promoter that resides inside the LINE. LINEs code for the enzyme reverse transcriptase, and many LINEs also code for an endonuclease (e.g. RNase H). The reverse transcriptase has a higher specificity for the LINE RNA than other RNA, and makes a DNA copy of the RNA that can be integrated into the genome at a new site.
The 5' UTR contains the promoter sequence, while the 3' UTR contains a polyadenylation signal (AATAAA) and a poly-A tail.[10] Because LINEs move by copying themselves (instead of moving, like transposons do), they enlarge the genome. The human genome, for example, contains about 20,000-40,000 LINEs, which is roughly 21% of the genome.