同: cytokine receptors

WordNet

a cellular structure that is postulated to exist in order to mediate between a chemical agent that acts on nervous tissue and the physiological response
any of various protein molecules secreted by cells of the immune system that serve to regulate the immune system

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=sense organ / 受信装置

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/05/26 06:36:27」(JST)

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Key steps of the JAK-STAT pathway for type 1 and 2 cytokine receptors

Signal transduction. (Cytokine receptor at center left.)

Cytokine receptors are receptors that bind cytokines.^[1]

In recent years, the cytokine receptors have come to demand the attention of more investigators than cytokines themselves, partly because of their remarkable characteristics, and partly because a deficiency of cytokine receptors has now been directly linked to certain debilitating immunodeficiency states. In this regard, and also because the redundancy and pleiotropy of cytokines are, in fact, a consequence of their homologous receptors, many authorities are now of the opinion that a classification of cytokine receptors would be more clinically and experimentally useful.

Classification

A classification of cytokine receptors based on their three-dimensional structure has been attempted. (Such a classification, though seemingly cumbersome, provides several unique perspectives for attractive pharmacotherapeutic targets.)

Type I cytokine receptors, whose members have certain conserved motifs in their extracellular amino-acid domain. The IL-2 receptor belongs to this chain, whose γ-chain (common to several other cytokines) deficiency is directly responsible for the x-linked form of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (X-SCID).
Type II cytokine receptors, whose members are receptors mainly for interferons.
Immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily, which are ubiquitously present throughout several cells and tissues of the vertebrate body
Tumor necrosis factor receptor family, whose members share a cysteine-rich common extracellular binding domain, and includes several other non-cytokine ligands like CD40, CD27 and CD30, besides the ligands on which the family is named (TNF).
Chemokine receptors, two of which acting as binding proteins for HIV (CXCR4 and CCR5). They are G protein coupled receptors.
TGF beta receptors

Comparison

Type	Examples	Structure	Mechanism
type I cytokine receptor	Type 1 interleukin receptors Erythropoietin receptor GM-CSF receptor G-CSF receptor growth hormone receptor prolactin receptor Oncostatin M receptor Leukemia inhibitory factor receptor	Certain conserved motifs in their extracellular amino-acid domain. Connected to Janus kinase (JAK) family of tyrosine kinases	JAK phosphorylate and activate downstream proteins involved in their signal transduction pathways
type II cytokine receptor	Type II interleukin receptors interferon-alpha/beta receptor interferon-gamma receptor
Many members of the immunoglobulin superfamily	Interleukin-1 receptor CSF1 C-kit receptor Interleukin-18 receptor	Share structural homology with immunoglobulins (antibodies), cell adhesion molecules, and even some cytokines.
Tumor necrosis factor receptor family	CD27 CD30 CD40 CD120 Lymphotoxin beta receptor	cysteine-rich common extracellular binding domain
chemokine receptors	Interleukin-8 receptor CCR1 CXCR4 MCAF receptor NAP-2 receptor	Seven transmembrane helix	G protein-coupled
TGF beta receptors	TGF beta receptor 1 TGF beta receptor 2

Solubility

Cytokine receptors may be both membrane-bound and soluble. Soluble cytokine receptors are extremely common regulators of cytokine function.

References

^ Richard Coico; Geoffrey Sunshine (2009). Immunology: a short course. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 174–. ISBN 978-0-470-08158-7. http://books.google.com/books?id=Lxcj-PlALiIC&pg=PA174. Retrieved 28 November 2010.

External links

MeSH Cytokine+receptors

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UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Dynamics of molecular responses to coxsackievirus B4 infection differentiate between resolution and progression of acute pancreatitis.

Gu R, Shampang A, Reilly A, Fisher D, Glass W, Ramsingh AI.SourceWadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
Virology.Virology.2012 Jun 5;427(2):135-43. Epub 2012 Mar 11.
A coxsackievirus B4 induces acute pancreatitis with different outcomes. The study utilized a systems biology approach to identify molecular immune responses that differentiate between disease resolution and disease progression. The data establish a temporal pattern of host responses that differentia
PMID 22414343

The macrophage response towards LPS and its control through the p38(MAPK)-STAT3 axis.

Bode JG, Ehlting C, Häussinger D.AbstractIn macrophages detection of gram-negative bacteria particularly involves binding of the outer-wall component lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to its cognate receptor complex, comprising Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), CD14 and MD2. LPS-induced formation of the LPS receptor complex elicits a signaling network, including intra-cellular signal-transduction directly activated by the TLR4 receptor complex as well as successional induction of indirect autocrine and paracrine signaling events. All these different pathways are integrated into the macrophage response towards an inflammatory stimulus by a highly complex cross-talk of the pathways engaged. This also includes a tight control by several intra- and inter-cellular feedback loops warranting an inflammatory response sufficient to battle invading pathogens and to avoid non-essential tissue damage caused by an overwhelming inflammatory response. Several evidences indicate that the reciprocal cross-talk between the p38(MAPK)-pathway and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3-mediated signal-transduction forms a critical axis successively activated by LPS. The balanced activation of this axis is essential for both induction and propagation of the inflammatory macrophage response as well as for the control of the resolution phase, which is largely driven by IL-10 and sustained STAT3 activation. In this context regulation of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)3 expression and the recently described divergent regulatory roles of the two p38(MAPK)-activated protein kinases MK2 and MK3 for the regulation of LPS-induced NF-κB- and IRF3-mediated signal-transduction and gene expression, which includes the regulation of IFNβ, IL-10 and DUSP1, appears to play an important role.
Cellular signalling.Cell Signal.2012 Jun;24(6):1185-94. Epub 2012 Feb 4.
In macrophages detection of gram-negative bacteria particularly involves binding of the outer-wall component lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to its cognate receptor complex, comprising Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), CD14 and MD2. LPS-induced formation of the LPS receptor complex elicits a signaling network,
PMID 22330073

Japanese Journal

Effects of a Bacteria-Based Probiotic on Subpopulations of Peripheral Leukocytes and Their Cytokine mRNA Expression in Calves

QADIS Abdul Qadir,GOYA Satoru,YATSU Minoru [他]
The journal of veterinary medical science 76(2), 189-195, 2014-02
NAID 40019993192

2) 妊娠高血圧症候群における炎症とアディポサイトカイン : 着床機構と病態発現への関与(シンポジウム2:周産期「妊娠高血圧症候群の基礎と臨床-予防・治療の新戦略に向けて」,第65回日本産科婦人科学会・学術講演会)

成瀬勝彦
日本産科婦人科學會雜誌 65(11), 2583-2590, 2013-11-01
… After their coculture, cytokine profiles were dramatically changed between earlier than 10 weeks and later than 12 weeks of gestational age, which may be related to spiral artery remodeling, a key feature of the human placentation whose absence may be a major cause of PIH. … The level of HMGB1, a receptor for advanced glycation end-product ligand that is regarded as a danger signal and surface marker of trophoblastic microparticles, was increased in patients with early-onset PIH. …
NAID 110009674982

2) 妊娠高血圧症候群における炎症とアディポサイトカイン : 着床機構と病態発現への関与(シンポジウム2:周産期「妊娠高血圧症候群の基礎と臨床-予防・治療の新戦略に向けて」,第65回日本産科婦人科学会・学術講演会)

成瀬勝彦
日本産科婦人科學會雜誌 65(11), 2583-2590, 2013-11-01
… After their coculture, cytokine profiles were dramatically changed between earlier than 10 weeks and later than 12 weeks of gestational age, which may be related to spiral artery remodeling, a key feature of the human placentation whose absence may be a major cause of PIH. … The level of HMGB1, a receptor for advanced glycation end-product ligand that is regarded as a danger signal and surface marker of trophoblastic microparticles, was increased in patients with early-onset PIH. …
NAID 110009661870

Related Pictures

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