同: BSA

WordNet

invest with or as with a body; give body to (同)personify
the external structure of a vehicle; "the body of the car was badly rusted"
the main mass of a thing
a natural object consisting of a dead animal or person; "they found the body in the lake" (同)dead body
the entire structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being); "he felt as if his whole body were on fire" (同)organic structure, physical structure
a collection of particulars considered as a system; "a body of law"; "a body of doctrine"; "a body of precedents"
a group of persons associated by some common tie or occupation and regarded as an entity; "the whole body filed out of the auditorium"; "the student body"; "administrative body"
an individual 3-dimensional object that has mass and that is distinguishable from other objects; "heavenly body"
the central message of a communication; "the body of the message was short"
on the surface; "surface materials of the moon"
the outer boundary of an artifact or a material layer constituting or resembling such a boundary; "there is a special cleaner for these surfaces"; "the cloth had a pattern of red dots on a white surface"
the outermost level of the land or sea; "earthquakes originate far below the surface"; "three quarters of the Earths surface is covered by water" (同)Earth''s surface
a superficial aspect as opposed to the real nature of something; "it was not what it appeared to be on the surface"
the extended two-dimensional outer boundary of a three-dimensional object; "they skimmed over the surface of the water"; "a brush small enough to clean every dental surface"; "the sun has no distinct surface"
come to the surface (同)come_up, rise up, rise
the extent of a 2-dimensional surface enclosed within a boundary; "the area of a rectangle"; "it was about 500 square feet in area" (同)expanse, surface_area
a part of a structure having some specific characteristic or function; "the spacious cooking area provided plenty of room for servants"
a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography); "it was a mountainous area"; "Bible country" (同)country
a part of an animal that has a special function or is supplied by a given artery or nerve; "in the abdominal region" (同)region
a subject of study; "it was his area of specialization"; "areas of interest include..."
a unit of surface area equal to 100 square meters (同)ar
emerging to the surface and becoming apparent

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉『身体』,肉体 / 〈C〉(人・動物の)『胴体』 / 〈C〉)物の)『主要部』,本体《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(…の)『団体』,群れ:(…のたくさんの)集まり《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉物体,…体 / 〈U〉実質;(酒・味などの)こく / 〈C〉《話》人
(物の)表面,外面;水面 / 《比喩的に》『うわべ』,見かけ / 『表面(水面)の,』表面(水面)に関する / 《比喩的に》『うわべだけの,』見かけだけの / 陸(水)上輸送の / (沈んでいたものが)表面に浮上する;《話》《おどけて》(寝ていた人が)起きる / (…で)…‘に'表面をつける,〈道路〉‘を'舗装する《+名+with+名》
〈U〉〈C〉『面積』 / 〈C〉『地域』,『地方』(region, district) / 〈C〉(活動・研究・興味などの及ぶ)『範囲』,『領域』(range)《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉《英》=areaway 1
…『である』,…です(beの二人称の単数とすべての人称の複数の直説法現在形)
アール(メートル法の面積単位;100平方メートル)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/12/11 18:00:39」(JST)

wiki en

In physiology and medicine, the body surface area (BSA) is the measured or calculated surface area of a human body. For many clinical purposes BSA is a better indicator of metabolic mass than body weight because it is less affected by abnormal adipose mass. Nevertheless, there have been several important critiques of the use of BSA in determining the dosage of medications with a narrow therapeutic index like many chemotherapy medications. Typically there is a 4-10 fold variation in cytotoxic drug clearance between individuals due to differing activity of drug elimination processes related to genetic and environmental factors. This can lead to significant overdosing and even more perniciously to underdosing (and increased risk of cancer recurrence). It is also thought to be a distorting factor in Phase I and II trials that may result in potentially helpful medications being prematurely rejected.^[1]^[2] The trend to personalized medicine is one approach to counter this weakness. Estimation of BSA is simpler than many measures of volume.

Uses[edit]

Examples of uses of the BSA:

Renal clearance is usually divided by the BSA to gain an appreciation of the true required glomerular filtration rate (GFR);
The Quetelet index uses a somewhat modified form of the BSA;
The cardiac index is a measure of cardiac output divided by the BSA, giving a better approximation of the required cardiac output;
Chemotherapy is often dosed according to the patient's BSA.
Glucocorticoid dosing is also expressed in terms of BSA for calculating maintenance doses or to compare high dose use with maintenance requirement.

Calculation[edit]

Various calculations have been published to arrive at the BSA without direct measurement. In the following formulas, BSA is in m², W is weight in kg, and H is height in cm.

The most widely used is the Du Bois formula:^[3]^[4]

A commonly used and simple one is the Mosteller formula:^[5]

${BSA }= \sqrt\frac{W \times H }{3600} = 0.016667 \times W^{0.5} \times H^{0.5}$ or even simpler : or if Ht is height in m :

Other formulas for BSA in m² include:

Haycock^[6]
Gehan and George^[7]
Boyd ^[8]^[9]	$0.0003207 <pre>\times weight \mbox{(g)}^{(0.7285 - 0.0188 \log_{10}{weight \mathrm{ (g)}})} </pre> \times H^{0.3}$
or equivalently	$0.03330 \times W^{(0.6157 - 0.0188 \log_{10} {W})} \times H^{0.3}$
Fujimoto^[10]
Takahira^[10]
Schlich^[11]	(women)
Schlich^[11]	(men)

A weight-based formula was proposed by Costeff and recently validated for the pediatric age group that does not include a square root, making it easier to use. It is [4Wkg+7]/[90+Wkg].^[12]^[13]

Average values[edit]

Average BSA for children of various ages, for men, and for women, are taken to be:

Neonate (newborn)	0.25	m²
Child of 2 years	0.5	m²
9 years	1.07	m²
10 years	1.14	m²
12-13 years	1.33	m²
Women	1.6	m²
Men	1.9	m²

There was an average BSA of 1.73 m² for 3,000 cancer patients from 1990 to 1998 in a European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) database.^[14] During 2005 there was an average BSA of 1.79 m² for 3,613 adult cancer patients in the UK. Among them the average BSA for men was 1.91 m² and for women was 1.71 m².^[15]

References[edit]

^ Gurney H (April 2002). "How to calculate the dose of chemotherapy". Br. J. Cancer 86 (8): 1297–302. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6600139. PMC 2375356. PMID 11953888.
^ Gao B, Klumpen HJ, Gurney H (October 2008). "Dose calculation of anticancer drugs". Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 4 (10): 1307–19. doi:10.1517/17425255.4.10.1307. PMID 18798700.
^ Du Bois D, Du Bois EF (Jun 1916). "A formula to estimate the approximate surface area if height and weight be known". Archives of Internal Medicine 17 (6): 863–71. PMID 2520314. Retrieved 2012-09-09.
^ Verbraecken, J; Van de Heyning P, De Backer W, Van Gaal L (Apr 2006). "Body surface area in normal-weight, overweight, and obese adults. A comparison study". Metabolism — Clinical and Experimental 55 (4): 515–24. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2005.11.004. PMID 16546483. Retrieved 2012-09-07.
^ Mosteller RD. "Simplified calculation of body-surface area". N Engl J Med 1987; 317:1098. PMID 3657876.
^ Haycock GB, Schwartz GJ, Wisotsky DH "Geometric method for measuring body surface area: A height-weight formula validated in infants, children and adults" J Pediatr 1978, 93:62-66.
^ Gehan EA, George SL, Cancer Chemother Rep 1970, 54:225-235
^ Current, JD (1998). "A Linear Equation For Estimating The Body Surface Area In Infants And Children". The Internet Journal of Anesthesiology 2 (2). doi:10.5580/1c6c. Retrieved 2012-09-09.
^ Boyd, Edith (1935). The Growth of the Surface Area of the Human Body. University of Minnesota. The Institute of Child Welfare, Monograph Series, No. x. London: Oxford University Press.
^ ^a ^b Fujimoto S, Watanabe T, Sakamoto A, Yukawa K, Morimoto K. Studies on the physical surface area of Japanese. 18. Calculation formulae in three stages over all ages. Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi 1968;5:443–50.
^ Schlich E, Schumm M, Schlich M: "3-D-Body-Scan als anthropometrisches Verfahren zur Bestimmung der spezifischen Körperoberfläche". Ernährungs Umschau 2010;57:178-183.
^ Costeff H, "A simple empirical formula for calculating approximate surface area in children.," Arch Dis Child, vol. 41, no. 220, pp. 681–683, Dec. 1966.
^ Furqan, M; Haque, A (2009 Dec). "Surface area in children: a simple formula.". Indian pediatrics 46 (12): 1085–7. PMID 19430073. Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ Sparreboom A, Verweij J (15 Jul 2003). "Paclitaxel Pharmacokinetics, Threshold Models, and Dosing Strategies". Journal of Clinical Oncology 21 (14): 2803–4. doi:10.1200/JCO.2003.99.038. PMID 12860961. Retrieved 2012-09-09.
^ Sacco JJ, Botten J, Macbeth F, Bagust A, Clark P (28 Jan 2010). "The Average Body Surface Area of Adult Cancer Patients in the UK: A Multicentre Retrospective Study". PLoS One 5 (1): e8933. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008933. PMID 20126669. Retrieved 2012-09-09.

External links[edit]

Online BSA Calculator Calculate body surface area using any of five formulas.
BC Cancer network BSA calculation guidelines.
Online Body Surface Area Calculator (Dubois Formula)
Online Body Surface Area Calculator (Mosteller Formula)
Web CoolTool to Calculate BSA using any of the five formulae

UpToDate Contents

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1. 計算ツール：体表面積（モステラーの平方根法） calculator body surface area mosteller square root method
2. 計算ツール：体表面積（デュボア法） calculator body surface area du bois method
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English Journal

Comparison of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging features of isolated left ventricular non-compaction in adults versus dilated cardiomyopathy in adults.

Cheng H, Zhao S, Jiang S, Lu M, Yan C, Ling J, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Ma N, Yin G, Wan J, Yang Y, Li L, Jerecic R, He Z.SourceDepartment of Radiology, Cardiovascular Institute and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
Clinical radiology.Clin Radiol.2011 Sep;66(9):853-60.
AIM: To compare cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features between isolated left ventricular non-compaction (IVNC) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in adults.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A consecutive series of 50 patients with IVNC from a single institution were reviewed. During the same period, 5
PMID 21684533

Proteolytic activity and expression of the 20S proteasome are increased in psoriasis lesional skin.

Henry L, Le Gallic L, Garcin G, Coux O, Jumez N, Roger P, Lavabre-Bertrand T, Martinez J, Meunier L, Stoebner PE.SourceLaboratoire d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogenetique, Universite Montpellier 1, Faculte de Medecine Montpellier-Nimes, Nimes, France Laboratoire de Cytologie Clinique et Cytogenetique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nimes, Nimes, France CNRS UMR 5247 CRBM-CNRS UMR 5237, Universites Montpellier 1 et 2, 34000 Montpellier, France Service d'Anatomopathologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nimes, Nimes, France Service de Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nimes, Nimes, France.
The British journal of dermatology.Br J Dermatol.2011 Aug;165(2):311-20. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10447.x. Epub 2011 Jul 11.
Background? Deregulation of the proteasome pathway has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory disorders. To date limited information exists on proteasome and immunoproteasome expression and activity in psoriasis skin. Objectives? To investigate the potential role o
PMID 21740404

Japanese Journal

Development of a Flexible System for Measuring Muscle Area Using Ultrasonography

Fukumoto Kiyotaka,Fukuda Osamu,Tsubai Masayoshi,Muraki Satoshi
IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 58(5), 1147-1155, 2011-05
… Muscular strength can be estimated by quantification of muscle area. … For this purpose, we developed a flexible measuring system for muscle area using ultrasonography. … The ultrasound probe is installed on a mechanical arm, and continuously scans fragmental images along the body surface. … A wide-area cross-sectional image is then constructed using the measured images. …
NAID 120003040040

Three-Dimensional Lattice Boltzmann Simulation of Two-Phase Flow Containing a Deformable Body with a Viscoelastic Membrane

Murayama Toshiro,Yoshino Masato,Hirata Tetsuo
Communications in Computational Physics 9(5), 1397-1413, 2011-05
… in No. 5, 9 (2011), published by Global Science PressThe lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) with an elastic model is applied to the simulation of two-phase flows containing a deformable body with a viscoelastic membrane. … The body has an internal fluid covered by a viscoelastic membrane of a finite thickness. … An elastic model is introduced to the LBM in order to determine the elastic forces acting on the viscoelastic membrane of the body. …
NAID 120002907415

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「体表面積」「BSA」
関連記事	「area」「surface」「body」

「体表面積」

　　[★]

英: body surface area BSA, area of body surface
関

概念

身体表面の総面積。

近似式

BSA(m2) = ( 身長(cm) + 体重(kg) - 60 ) / 100
BSA(m2) = 0.007184 x (体重(kg))^0.425 x (身長(cm))^0.725
BSA(m2) = ( ( 身長(cm) x 体重(kg) ) ^ (1/2) ) / 60　　　(SAN.54)

平均値

日本人男性平均体表面積：1.72 m²

小児～成人

SPE.8

年齢	薬用量比		体表面積比		細胞外液比
年齢	分数	小数	m2	m2/kg	l/kg
新生児	1/8	0.13	0.12	2.5	2.2
3/12	1/6	0.17	0.18	1.9	2
6/12	1/5	0.2	0.2	1.8	1.8
1	1/4	0.25	0.24	1.6	1.6
3	1/3	0.33	0.35	1.6	1.4
7	1/2	0.5	0.5	1.4	1.4
10	2/3	0.67	0.66	1.3	1.3
12	4/5	0.8	0.81	1.3	1.2
成人	1	1	1	1	1