- 関
- acyl-coenzyme A、fatty acyl-CoA
WordNet
- the 3rd letter of the Roman alphabet (同)c
- (music) the keynote of the scale of C major
- a general-purpose programing language closely associated with the UNIX operating system
- any group or radical of the form RCO- where R is an organic group; "an example of the acyl group is the acetyl group" (同)acyl_group
PrepTutorEJDIC
- carbonの化学記号
- cobaltの化学記号
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2017/11/17 15:55:02」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
General chemical structure of an acyl-CoA, where R is a fatty acid side chain
Acyl-CoA is a group of coenzymes involved in the metabolism of fatty acids. It is a temporary compound formed when coenzyme A (CoA) attaches to the end of a long-chain fatty acid inside living cells. The compound undergoes beta oxidation, forming one or more molecules of acetyl-CoA. This, in turn, enters the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several molecules of ATP.
Contents
- 1 Functions
- 1.1 Fatty acid activation
- 2 See also
- 3 References
- 4 External links
Functions
Fatty acid activation
To be oxidatively degraded, a fatty acid must first be activated in a two-step reaction catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase. First, the fatty acid displaces the diphosphate group of ATP, then coenzyme A (HSCoA) displaces the AMP group to form an acyl-CoA. The acyladenylate product of the first step has a large free energy of hydrolysis and conserves the free energy of the cleaved phosphoanhydride bond in ATP. The second step, transfer of the acyl group to CoA (the same molecule that carries acetyl groups as acetyl-CoA), conserves free energy in the formation of a thioester bond. Consequently, the overall reaction has a free energy change near zero:
- Fatty acid + CoA + ATP ⇌ Acyl-CoA + AMP + PPi
Subsequent hydrolysis of the product PPi (by the enzyme inorganic pyrophosphatase) is highly exergonic, and this reaction makes the formation of acyl-CoA spontaneous and irreversible.
Fatty acids are activated in the cytosol, but oxidation occurs in the mitochondria. Because there is no transport protein for CoA adducts, acyl groups must enter the mitochondria via a shuttle system involving the small molecule carnitine.[1]
See also
- Acetyl-CoA
- Beta oxidation
- Coenzyme A
- Acyl CoA dehydrogenase
- Fatty acid metabolism
References
- ^ Pratt C.W., Cornely, K. Essential Biochemistry. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (2004)
External links
- Acyl Coenzyme A at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Fatty-acid metabolic intermediates
|
Synthesis |
|
Degradation |
|
Peroxisomal |
Phytol |
- Phytanic acid
- Phytanoyl-CoA
- Pristanic acid
- Propionyl-CoA
|
Other |
- Mevalonic acid
- Very long chain fatty acid
|
|
UpToDate Contents
全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.
English Journal
- Functional characterization of two single nucleotide polymorphisms of acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 2.
- He X1, Leow KY2, Yang H3, Heng CK4.
- Gene.Gene.2015 Jul 25;566(2):236-41. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.04.061. Epub 2015 Apr 24.
- BACKGROUND: Acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 2 (ACAT2) plays a critical role in the formation of cholesteryl esters from cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a potential target for treating hypercholesterolemia. We recently reported the significant effects of two human ACAT2 gene polymorph
- PMID 25917363
- Characterization of a long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase 1 gene and association between its SNPs and growth traits in the clam Meretrix meretrix.
- Dai P1, Huan P2, Wang H2, Lu X3, Liu B4.
- Gene.Gene.2015 Jul 25;566(2):194-200. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.04.047. Epub 2015 Apr 18.
- Long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligases (ACSLs) play crucial roles in fatty acid (FA) metabolism. They convert free long-chain FA into acyl-CoAs, which are key intermediates in both anabolic and catabolic pathways. A long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase gene was cloned in the clam Meretrix meretrix (MmeACSL1)
- PMID 25900031
- Comparative analysis of the hepatopancreas transcriptome of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) fed with lard oil and fish oil diets.
- Tian JJ1, Lu RH2, Ji H3, Sun J1, Li C1, Liu P1, Lei CX1, Chen LQ4, Du ZY4.
- Gene.Gene.2015 Jul 10;565(2):192-200. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.04.010. Epub 2015 Apr 10.
- n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFAs) have been shown to suppress lipid accumulation and improve protein utilization in grass carp; however, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanism. Hence, we analyzed the hepatopancreas transcriptome of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)
- PMID 25865300
Japanese Journal
- Protective effects of manassantin A against ethanol-induced gastric injury in rats
- レチノール結合タンパク質群によるビタミンAの輸送,貯蔵,代謝の調節とその意義
- Light-dependent transcriptional events during resting egg hatching of the rotifer Brachionus manjavacas
Related Links
- The medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase is the best known structure of all acyl-CoA dehydrogenases, and is the most commonly deficient enzyme within the class that leads to metabolic disorders in animals. [1] The molecule is ...
- What Is Acyl Coa? Dictionary.com Word FAQs Dictionary.com presents 366 FAQs, incorporating some of the frequently asked questions from the past with newer queries. Differences Etymology/Origins Grammar/Usage/Style ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- acyl-CoA acyl-coenzyme A
- 同
- アシルコエンザイムA、アシル補酵素A、アシル-CoA、脂肪酸アシルCoA
- 関
- 補酵素A
[★]
アシル補酵素A、アシルコエンザイムA、アシルCoA
- 関
- acyl-CoA、fatty acyl-CoA
[★]
- 英
- acyl-coenzyme A、acyl-CoA
- 関
- アシルCoA、アシルコエンザイムA、アシル-CoA
[★]
- 関
- acyl-CoA、acyl-coenzyme A
[★]
- 英
- acyl-CoA
- 関
- アシルCoA、アシル補酵素A
[★]
アシルCoA・コレステロールアシルトランスフェラーゼ、アシルCoA・コレステロールアシル基転移酵素
- 関
- ACAT、cholesterol acyltransferase、sterol O-acyltransferase
[★]
- 関
- long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase、VLCAD
- 同
- VLCAD
[★]
- 関
- acyl-CoA dehydrogenase、MCAD
[★]
中鎖アシルCoA脱水素酵素欠損症
[★]
[★]
[★]
補酵素A coenzyme A CoA
[★]
コバルト cobalt