action potential duration

• 活動電位持続時間

関

APD

WordNet

1. the operating part that transmits power to a mechanism; "the piano had a very stiff action" (同)action_mechanism
2. an act by a government body or supranational organization; "recent federal action undermined the segregationist position"; "the United Nations must have the power to propose and organize action without being hobbled by irrelevant issues"; "the Union action of emancipating Southern slaves"
3. something done (usually as opposed to something said); "there were stories of murders and other unnatural actions"
4. the most important or interesting work or activity in a specific area or field; "the action is no longer in technology stocks but in municipal bonds"; "gawkers always try to get as close to the action as possible"
5. the trait of being active and energetic and forceful; "a man of action"
6. the series of events that form a plot; "his novels always have a lot of action"
7. the state of being active; "his sphere of activity"; "he is out of action" (同)activity, activeness
8. institute legal proceedings against; file a suit against; "He was warned that the district attorney would process him"; "She actioned the company for discrimination" (同)sue, litigate, process
9. existing in possibility; "a potential problem"; "possible uses of nuclear power" (同)possible
10. the inherent capacity for coming into being (同)potentiality, potency
11. the period of time during which something continues (同)continuance
12. the property of enduring or continuing in time (同)continuance
13. continuance in time; "the ceremony was of short duration"; "he complained about the length of time required" (同)length

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈U〉『行動』,活動;精力的な活動 / 〈C〉『行為』,行い;《複数形で》『日常の行動』,ふるまい / 〈U〉〈C〉(人間・馬などの)身ぶり,動作,所作 / 〈U〉(身体諸器官の)働き / 〈U〉(機械などの)『働き』,機能;(薬・化学薬品などの)『作用』 / 〈U〉〈C〉戦闘(battle) / 〈C〉(銃・ピアノなどの)アクション,作動装置 / 〈C〉訴訟 / 〈U〉(劇・物語の)本筋,筋の運び
2. 可能性のある,潜在的な / 可能性,潜在力 / 電位
3. (時間の)持続,存続,継続 / 存続期間,持続時間

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 心筋活動電位および抗不整脈剤の作用 myocardial action potential and action of antiarrhythmic drugs
• 2. 神経伝導検査の概要 overview of nerve conduction studies
• 3. 筋電図検査の概要 overview of electromyography
• 4. QT延長症候群の病態生理 pathophysiology of the long qt syndrome
• 5. 急性心筋梗塞中の心室頻拍および心室細動の病因 pathogenesis of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation during acute myocardial infarction

English Journal

• Small and large animal models in cardiac contraction research: Advantages and disadvantages.

• Milani-Nejad N1, Janssen PM2.Author information 1Department of Physiology and Cell Biology and D. Davis Heart Lung Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, OH, USA.2Department of Physiology and Cell Biology and D. Davis Heart Lung Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, OH, USA. Electronic address: janssen.10@osu.edu.AbstractThe mammalian heart is responsible for not only pumping blood throughout the body but also adjusting this pumping activity quickly depending upon sudden changes in the metabolic demands of the body. For the most part, the human heart is capable of performing its duties without complications; however, throughout many decades of use, at some point this system encounters problems. Research into the heart's activities during healthy states and during adverse impacts that occur in disease states is necessary in order to strategize novel treatment options to ultimately prolong and improve patients' lives. Animal models are an important aspect of cardiac research where a variety of cardiac processes and therapeutic targets can be studied. However, there are differences between the heart of a human being and an animal and depending on the specific animal, these differences can become more pronounced and in certain cases limiting. There is no ideal animal model available for cardiac research, the use of each animal model is accompanied with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. In this review, we will discuss these advantages and disadvantages of commonly used laboratory animals including mouse, rat, rabbit, canine, swine, and sheep. Since the goal of cardiac research is to enhance our understanding of human health and disease and help improve clinical outcomes, we will also discuss the role of human cardiac tissue in cardiac research. This review will focus on the cardiac ventricular contractile and relaxation kinetics of humans and animal models in order to illustrate these differences.
• Pharmacology & therapeutics.Pharmacol Ther.2014 Mar;141(3):235-49. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.10.007. Epub 2013 Oct 15.
• The mammalian heart is responsible for not only pumping blood throughout the body but also adjusting this pumping activity quickly depending upon sudden changes in the metabolic demands of the body. For the most part, the human heart is capable of performing its duties without complications; however
• PMID 24140081

• Single unit activity of the suprachiasmatic nucleus and surrounding neurons during the wake-sleep cycle in mice.

• Sakai K.Author information Integrative Physiology of the Brain Arousal System, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028-CNRS UMR5292, School of Medicine, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, F-69373 Lyon, France. Electronic address: sakai@univ-lyon1.fr.AbstractThe suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the mammalian hypothalamus contains a circadian clock for timing of diverse neuronal, endocrine, and behavioral rhythms, such as the cycle of sleep and wakefulness. Using extracellular single unit recordings, we have determined, for the first time, the discharge activity of individual SCN neurons during the complete wake-sleep cycle in non-anesthetized, head restrained mice. SCN neurons (n=79) were divided into three types according to their regular (type I; n=38) or irregular (type II; n=19) discharge activity throughout the wake-sleep cycle or their quiescent activity during waking and irregular discharge activity during sleep (type III; n=22). The type I and II neurons displayed a long-duration action potential, while the type III neurons displayed either a short-duration or long-duration action potential. The type I neurons discharged exclusively as single isolated spikes, whereas the type II and III neurons fired as single isolated spikes, clusters, or bursts. The type I and II neurons showed wake-active, wake/paradoxical (or rapid eye movement) sleep-active, or state-unrelated activity profiles and were, respectively, mainly located in the ventral or dorsal region of the SCN. In contrast, the type III neurons displayed sleep-active discharge profiles and were mainly located in the lateral region of the SCN. The majority of type I and II neurons tested showed an increase in discharge rate following application of light to the animal's eyes. Of the 289 extra-SCN neurons recorded, those displaying sleep-active discharge profiles were mainly located dorsal to the SCN, whereas those displaying wake-active discharge profiles were mainly located lateral or dorsolateral to the SCN. This study shows heterogeneity of mouse SCN and surrounding anterior hypothalamic neurons and suggests differences in their topographic organization and roles in mammalian circadian rhythms and the regulation of sleep and wakefulness.
• Neuroscience.Neuroscience.2014 Feb 28;260:249-64. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.12.020. Epub 2013 Dec 16.
• The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the mammalian hypothalamus contains a circadian clock for timing of diverse neuronal, endocrine, and behavioral rhythms, such as the cycle of sleep and wakefulness. Using extracellular single unit recordings, we have determined, for the first time, the discharge
• PMID 24355494

• The variant hERG/R148W associated with LQTS is a mutation that reduces current density on co-expression with the WT.

• Mechakra A1, Vincent Y1, Chevalier P2, Millat G3, Ficker E4, Jastrzebski M5, Poulin H6, Pouliot V6, Chahine M6, Christé G7.Author information 1Laboratoire de Neurocardiologie, EA4612, Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69003, France.2Laboratoire de Neurocardiologie, EA4612, Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69003, France; Unité de Rythmologie, Centre National de Référence des Troubles du Rythme d'Origine Héréditaire, Hôpital Cardiovasculaire et Pneumologique L. Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon F-69003, France.3Laboratoire de Neurocardiologie, EA4612, Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69003, France; Laboratoire de Cardiogénétique, Centre de Biologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon F-69003, France.4MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.5Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, University Hospital, Kracow, Poland.6Le Centre de Recherche en neuroscience, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec and Department of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada.7Laboratoire de Neurocardiologie, EA4612, Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69003, France. Electronic address: georges.christe@inserm.fr.AbstractBACKGROUND: A variant of the ether-à-go-go related channel (hERG), p.Arg148Trp (R148W) was found at heterozygous state in two infants who died from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), one with documented prolonged QTc and Torsade de Pointes (TdP), and in an adult woman with QTc >500ms, atrioventricular block and TdP. This variant was previously reported in cases of severe ventricular arrhythmia but very rarely in control subjects. Its classification as mutation or polymorphism awaited electrophysiological characterization.
• Gene.Gene.2014 Feb 25;536(2):348-56. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.11.072. Epub 2013 Dec 12.
• BACKGROUND: A variant of the ether-à-go-go related channel (hERG), p.Arg148Trp (R148W) was found at heterozygous state in two infants who died from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), one with documented prolonged QTc and Torsade de Pointes (TdP), and in an adult woman with QTc >500ms, atrioven
• PMID 24334129

Japanese Journal

• Role of slow delayed rectifying potassium current in dynamics of repolarization and electrical memory in swine ventricles

• Jing Linyuan,Brownson Kathleen,Patwardhan Abhijit
• The journal of physiological sciences 64(3), 185-193, 2014-05
• NAID 40020051495

• The Conventional Antihistamine Drug Cyproheptadine Lacks QT-interval–Prolonging Action in Halothane-Anesthetized Guinea Pigs: Comparison With Hydroxyzine

• Kobayashi Kazuko,Omuro Naoki,Takahara Akira
• Journal of Pharmacological Sciences 124(1), 92-98, 2014
• … namely, shortening of the action potential duration at supra-therapeutic concentrations of 2 – 8 μM and prolongation of the QT interval at ≥ 10 μM. … prolonged the QT interval and duration of monophasic action potential, whereas therapeutic to supra-therapeutic doses of cyproheptadine at 0.1 and 1 mg/kg, i.v. …
• NAID 130003382628

• 遺伝性糖尿病ラットの心筋細胞活動電位に対するコンピュータシミュレーションによる検討

• 土田 勝晴,山邊 優子
• 同志社女子大學學術研究年報 64, 91-100, 2013-12
• … 研究ノート (Note)The objective of this study was to examine the cardiac action potentials in the genetically induced diabetic WBN/Kob rats by using a mathematical model on the action potential. … The final goal was to obtain theoretical insight into the ionic mechanisms responsible for the ventricular action potential in rats with genetic diabetes. …
• NAID 120005434006

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「活動電位持続時間」「APD」
関連記事	「potential」「action」「duration」

「活動電位持続時間」

　　[★]

英

action potential duration, APD

APDを決める要素

• 最初の振幅：NaChがどれだけ開いていたか
• 細胞内外Ca濃度
• 細胞内外K濃度

心電図

• QT時間に相当。厳密にはQRS～T波が始まる直前まで？

「APD」

　　[★]

• 活動電位持続時間 action potential duration
• 自動腹膜透析 automated peritoneal dialysis

「potential」

　　[★]

• n.

• 電位、可能性、ポテンシャル

• adj.

• 潜在的な、可能な、有望な

関

capability、capable、electric potential、electrical potential、feasibility、feasible、latently、likelihood、odds、possibility、possible、potentiality、potentially、probability、promising、voltage

　 　 　

「action」

　　[★]

• n.

• 作用、作動、行為、措置

関

act、behavior、conduct、effect、operate、operating、operation、regimen

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「duration」

　　[★]

• n.

• 持続時間、持続期間、期間、持続

関

continuity、last、period、persist、persistence、sustain、term、time