- 関
- pyrolysis、pyrolytic、thermal cracking、thermolysis、thermolytic
WordNet
- transformation of a substance produced by the action of heat
- resulting from pyrolysis
- (chemistry) separation of a substance into two or more substances that may differ from each other and from the original substance (同)decomposition reaction, chemical decomposition reaction
- in a decomposed state (同)disintegration
- (biology) the process of decay caused by bacterial or fungal action (同)rot, rotting, putrefaction
- the analysis of a vector field (同)vector decomposition
- of or relating to a hot spring; "thermal water"
- rising current of warm air
- relating to or associated with heat; "thermal movements of molecules"; "thermal capacity"; "thermic energy"; "the caloric effect of sunlight" (同)thermic, caloric
- caused by or designed to retain heat; "a thermal burn"; "thermal underwear"
- a unit of heat equal to 100,000 British thermal units
PrepTutorEJDIC
- (有機化合物の)熱分解
- 分解 腐敗 変質
- 熱の,熱による / 熱い / (暖まった)上昇気流
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2017/11/09 20:47:56」(JST)
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For the biological process, see Decomposition.
Thermal decomposition, or thermolysis, is a chemical decomposition caused by heat. The decomposition temperature of a substance is the temperature at which the substance chemically decomposes.
The reaction is usually endothermic as heat is required to break chemical bonds in the compound undergoing decomposition. If decomposition is sufficiently exothermic, a positive feedback loop is created producing thermal runaway and possibly an explosion.
Contents
- 1 Examples
- 1.1 Decomposition of nitrates, nitrites and ammonium compounds
- 2 Ease of decomposition
- 3 See also
- 4 References
Examples
- Calcium carbonate (limestone or chalk) decomposes into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide when heated. The chemical reaction is as follows:
-
- CaCO3 → CaO + CO2
- The reaction is used to make quick lime, which is an industrially important product.
Equipment used by Priestley in his experiments on gases
- Some oxides, especially of weakly electropositive metals decompose when heated to high enough temperature. A classical example is the decomposition of mercuric oxide to give oxygen and mercury metal. The reaction was used by Joseph Priestley to prepare samples of gaseous oxygen for the first time.
- When water is heated to well over 2000 °C, a small percentage of it will decompose into OH, monoatomic oxygen, monotomic hydrogen, O2, and H2.[1]
- The compound with the highest known decomposition temperature is carbon monoxide at ≈3870 °C (≈7000 °F).[citation needed].
Decomposition of nitrates, nitrites and ammonium compounds
- Ammonium dichromate on heating yields nitrogen, water and chromium(III) oxide.
- Ammonium nitrate on strong heating yields dinitrogen oxide ("laughing gas") and water.
- Ammonium nitrite on heating yields nitrogen gas and water.
- Barium azide on heating yields barium metal and nitrogen gas.
- Sodium nitrate on heating yields sodium nitrite and oxygen gas.
- Organic compounds like tertiary amines on heating undergo Hoffmann elimination and yield secondary amines and alkenes.
Ease of decomposition
When metals are near the bottom of the reactivity series, their compounds generally decompose easily at high temperatures. This is because stronger bonds form between atoms towards the top of the reactivity series, and strong bonds break less easily. For example, copper is near the bottom of the reactivity series, and copper sulfate (CuSO4), begins to decompose at about 200 °C, increasing rapidly at higher temperatures to about 560 °C. In contrast potassium is near the top of the reactivity series, and potassium sulfate (K2SO4) does not decompose at its melting point of about 1069 °C, nor even at its boiling point.
See also
- Ellingham diagram
- Thermochemical cycle
- Thermal depolymerization
- Chemical thermodynamics
- Pyrolysis - thermolysis of organic material
- Gas generator
References
- ^ Baykara, S (2004). "Hydrogen production by direct solar thermal decomposition of water, possibilities for improvement of process efficiency". International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 29 (14): 1451–1458. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2004.02.014.
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Total mercury levels in commercial fish species from Italian fishery and aquaculture.
- Di Lena G1, Casini I1, Caproni R1, Fusari A2, Orban E1.
- Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance.Food Addit Contam Part B Surveill.2017 Jun;10(2):118-127. doi: 10.1080/19393210.2017.1281353. Epub 2017 Jan 29.
- PMID 28077025
- Thermolysis kinetics and thermal degradation compounds of alliin.
- Chen Z1, Xu M1, Wang C1, Zhou H1, Fan L1, Huang X2.
- Food chemistry.Food Chem.2017 May 15;223:25-30. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.12.011. Epub 2016 Dec 9.
- PMID 28069119
- Effect of cation alkyl chain length on surface forces and physical properties in deep eutectic solvents.
- Chen Z1, Ludwig M1, Warr GG2, Atkin R3.
- Journal of colloid and interface science.J Colloid Interface Sci.2017 May 15;494:373-379. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.01.109. Epub 2017 Jan 30.
- PMID 28167425
Japanese Journal
- ポリスチレン熱分解生成物スチレン二量体およびスチレントリマーとN-置換マレイミドとのラジカル交互共重合
- ポリスチレン熱分解生成物スチレン二量体およびスチレントリマーとN-置換マレイミドとのラジカル交互共重合
- Low-temperature carbothermal nitridation of boron oxide induced by networked carbon structure
Related Links
- Thermal decomposition. 32 likes · 1 talking about this. Thermal decomposition, or thermolysis, is a chemical decomposition caused by heat. The decomposition temperature of a substance is the temperature at which the substance ...
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