catabolized

• adj.

• 分解された、異化された

関

breakdown、catabolic、catabolism、catabolize、crack、decompose、decomposition、degradation、degrade、disassemble、disassembly、disintegrate、disintegration、dissimilation、resolve

WordNet

1. tell spontaneously; "crack a joke"
2. become fractured; break or crack on the surface only; "The glass cracked when it was heated" (同)check, break
3. break into simpler molecules by means of heat; "The petroleum cracked"
4. break partially but keep its integrity; "The glass cracked"
5. cause to become cracked; "heat and light cracked the back of the leather chair"
6. reduce (petroleum) to a simpler compound by cracking
7. a purified and potent form of cocaine that is smoked rather than snorted; highly addictive (同)crack_cocaine, tornado
8. a usually brief attempt; "he took a crack at it"; "I gave it a whirl" (同)fling, go, pass, whirl, offer
9. a blemish resulting from a break without complete separation of the parts; "there was a crack in the mirror"
10. a long narrow opening (同)cleft, crevice, fissure, scissure
11. a sudden sharp noise; "the crack of a whip"; "he heard the cracking of the ice"; "he can hear the snap of a twig" (同)cracking, snap
12. gain unauthorized access computers with malicious intentions; "she cracked my password"; "crack a safe"
13. hit forcefully; deal a hard blow, making a cracking noise; "The teacher cracked him across the face with a ruler"
14. make a very sharp explosive sound; "His gun cracked"
15. a loss (or serious disruption) of organization in some system; "a disintegration of personality"
16. make clearly visible; "can this image be resolved?"
17. find the solution; "solve an equation"; "solve for x" (同)solve
18. lose a stored charge, magnetic flux, or current; "the particles disintegrated during the nuclear fission process" (同)decay, decompose
19. break into parts or components or lose cohesion or unity; "The material disintegrated"; "the group disintegrated after the leader died"
20. cause to undergo fission or lose particles
21. (chemistry) separation of a substance into two or more substances that may differ from each other and from the original substance (同)decomposition reaction, chemical decomposition reaction
22. in a decomposed state (同)disintegration
23. (biology) the process of decay caused by bacterial or fungal action (同)rot, rotting, putrefaction
24. the analysis of a vector field (同)vector decomposition
25. a mental or physical breakdown (同)crack-up
26. a cessation of normal operation; "there was a power breakdown" (同)equipment failure
27. an analysis into mutually exclusive categories (同)partitioning
28. separate (substances) into constituent elements or parts (同)break_up, break_down
29. break down; "The bodies decomposed in the heat" (同)rot, molder, moulder
30. subject to catabolism (同)catabolise

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 『割れ目』,ひび,きず;(戸・窓の)わずかの開き / 『パチッ,ピシッ,バン,ガチャッ』(物が壊れたり銃声などの音) / 強い一撃 / (声の)しゃがれ,うわずり;声変り / 《話》瞬間,一瞬 / 気のきいた言葉;皮肉;冗談 / 《話》(…の)機会,試み《+『at』+『名』(do『ing』)》 / …‘に'『ひびを入れる』 / …'を'パチッと割る,砕く / …'を'パチッ(ビシッ)と鳴らす / …'を'ピシャリと打つ / 〈声〉'を'かすれさせる,うわずらせる / 《話》〈家など〉‘に'押し入る;〈金庫など〉'を'破る / 《話》…'を'解く;〈暗号など〉'を'解読する / 《話》〈冗談など〉'を'とばす / 《話》〈酒びんなど〉'を'ポンとあけて飲む / 〈石油〉'を'分解蒸留する / 『割れる』,くだける;ひびがはいる / 『パチッ』(『ビシッ,バン,ガチャッ』)『と鳴る』 / 〈声が〉かすれる;うわずる / (疲労・苦痛などに)参る,屈する / 第一級の,優秀な / パチッと
2. 分解,崩壊 / (放射性元素の)崩壊 / (岩石などの)風化作用
3. …‘を'『決心する』,『決意する』 / 〈問題・疑惑など〉‘を'『解決する』,解明する,解く / 〈議会などが〉…‘を'議決する,票決する / (構成要素に)…‘を'分解する《+『名』+『into』+『名』》 / (…を)『決定する』,『決心する』《+『on』(『upon』,『against』)+『名』(do『ing』)》 / (…に)『分解する』《+『into』+『名』》 / 〈U〉《文》強固な意志,分屈 / 〈C〉決心,決意
4. 〈物〉‘を'崩れる,崩壊する / 〈原子核が〉崩壊する / 〈物〉‘を'崩す,崩壊させる
5. 分解　腐敗　変質
6. (列車・機械などの)故障,破損 / 病気で倒れること,衰弱 / 分析
7. 'を'分散させる　…'を'腐敗させる　分解する　腐敗する

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2018/10/22 02:21:28」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

For the related metabolic process, see Anabolism.

Schematical diagram

Catabolism (from Greek κάτω kato, "downward" and βάλλειν ballein, "to throw") is the set of metabolic pathways that breaks down molecules into smaller units that are either oxidized to release energy or used in other anabolic reactions. Catabolism breaks down large molecules (such as polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins) into smaller units (such as monosaccharides, fatty acids, nucleotides, and amino acids, respectively).

Cells use the monomers released from breaking down polymers to either construct new polymer molecules, or degrade the monomers further to simple waste products, releasing energy. Cellular wastes include lactic acid, acetic acid, carbon dioxide, ammonia, and urea. The creation of these wastes is usually an oxidation process involving a release of chemical free energy, some of which is lost as heat, but the rest of which is used to drive the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This molecule acts as a way for the cell to transfer the energy released by catabolism to the energy-requiring reactions that make up anabolism. (Catabolism is seen as destructive metabolism and anabolism as constructive metabolism). Catabolism therefore provides the chemical energy necessary for the maintenance and growth of cells. Examples of catabolic processes include glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, the breakdown of muscle protein in order to use amino acids as substrates for gluconeogenesis, the breakdown of fat in adipose tissue to fatty acids, and oxidative deamination of neurotransmitters by monoamine oxidase.

There are many signals that control catabolism. Most of the known signals are hormones and the molecules involved in metabolism itself. Endocrinologists have traditionally classified many of the hormones as anabolic or catabolic, depending on which part of metabolism they stimulate. The so-called classic catabolic hormones known since the early 20th century are cortisol, glucagon, and adrenaline (and other catecholamines). In recent decades, many more hormones with at least some catabolic effects have been discovered, including cytokines, orexin (also known as hypocretin), and melatonin.

See also

• Autophagy
• Dehydration synthesis
• Hydrolysis
• Nocturnal post absorptive catabolism
• Psilacetin § Pharmacology
• Sarcopenia

External links

• Media related to Catabolism at Wikimedia Commons

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. Chapter 6D：ナトリウム利尿ペプチド chapter 6d natriuretic peptides
• 2. 成人における尿蛋白排泄量の評価および非ネフローゼ域蛋白尿のみの評価 assessment of urinary protein excretion and evaluation of isolated non nephrotic proteinuria in adults
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• 5. 運動生理学 exercise physiology

English Journal

• Metabolic fate of milk glycosaminoglycans in breastfed and formula fed newborns.

• Maccari F1, Mantovani V1, Gabrielli O2, Carlucci A3, Zampini L2, Galeazzi T2, Galeotti F1, Coppa GV2, Volpi N4.
• Glycoconjugate journal.Glycoconj J.2016 Feb 13. [Epub ahead of print]
• In this study, the content, structure and residual percentages of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the feces of seven breastfed newborns after ingesting a known amount of milk were studied. A comparison was made with five newborns fed with formula milk. Characterization of GAGs from milk and feces sampl
• PMID 26873820

• Role of Nanotechnology for Enzyme Replacement Therapy in Lysosomal Diseases. A focus on Gaucher´s disease.

• Martín-Banderas L1, Holgado MA, Durán-Lobato M, Infante JJ, Álvarez-Fuentes J, Fernández-Arévalo M.
• Current medicinal chemistry.Curr Med Chem.2016 Feb 10. [Epub ahead of print]
• Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) comprise a group of rare inherited chronic syndromes that cause deficiency of specific native enzymes within the lysosomes. The macromolecular compounds that are usually catabolized by lysosomal enzymes are accumulated within these organelles, causing progressive da
• PMID 26860997

• Non-lysosomal degradation of singly phosphorylated oligosaccharides initiated by the action of a cytosolic endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase.

• Harada Y1, Huang C2, Yamaki S3, Dohmae N2, Suzuki T4.
• The Journal of biological chemistry.J Biol Chem.2016 Feb 8. pii: jbc.M115.685313. [Epub ahead of print]
• Phosphorylated oligosaccharides (POSs) are produced by the degradation of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides (DLOs) by an unclarified mechanism in mammalian cells. While POSs are exclusively found in the cytosol, their intracellular fates remain unclear. Our findings indicate that POSs are catabolized
• PMID 26858256

Japanese Journal

• 油脂化学協会誌

• Yoshinaga Kazuaki,Beppu Fumiaki,Yamatani Yoshio,Kubo Atsushi,Yoshinaga-Kiriake Aya,Nagai Toshiharu,Yoshida Akihiko,Kanda Jota,Gotoh Naohiro
• Journal of Oleo Science 68(6), 591-598, 2019
• … <p>Fatty acids in triacylglycerol (TAG) are catabolized after digestion. … The results indicated that palmitic acid, oleic acid, or α-linolenic acid bound to the β position was slowly catabolized for a long duration compared to that when bound to the α position. … In contrast, EPA bound to the β position was quickly catabolized, and EPA bound to the α position was slowly catabolized for a long time. …
• NAID 130007660459

• 自己位置推定を利用したリンク型多脚歩行機構の最適制御手法

• 馬籠 修平,長澤 純人
• 日本機械学会関東支部総会講演会講演論文集 2018.24(0), OS0416, 2018
• … The robot movement method on the ground can be catabolized into "wheeled movement" or "legged movement". …
• NAID 130007486812

• Biotransformation of ferulic acid to protocatechuic acid by Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 21420 engineered to express vanillate O-demethylase

• Okai Naoko,Masuda Takaya,Takeshima Yasunobu,Tanaka Kosei,Yoshida Ken-ichi,Miyamoto Masanori,Ogino Chiaki,Kondo Akihiko
• AMB Express (7), 130, 2017-06-21
• … FA may be catabolized by C. …
• NAID 120006346141

Related Links

• Catabolize | Define Catabolize at Dictionary.com

Catabolize definition, to cause (a nutrient or other substance) to undergo catabolism. See more. Dictionary.com Word of the Day Translate Games Blog Thesaurus.com Favorites Dictionary.com Thesaurus.com Log Out ...

• Catabolism | Definition of Catabolism by Merriam-Webster

catabolized catabolizing catacaustic catachreses catachresis catachrestic catachrestical catachrestically catachromases catachromasis cataclases cataclasis cataclasm cataclasmic cataclastic cataclinal cataclysm cataclysmal ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「resolve」「disintegrate」「分解」「breakdown」「decomposition」
関連記事	「catabolize」

「resolve」

　　[★]

• v.

• 解決する、回復させる、分解する、分離する、消散する

関

ameliorate、amelioration、breakdown、catabolize、catabolized、crack、decompose、decomposition、degradation、degrade、disassemble、disassembly、discrete、disintegrate、disintegration、disjunction、dissociate、isolate、isolation、recover、recovery、recuperate、regain、resolution、restitution、restoration、restore、return、reversal、segregate、segregation、separate、separation、settle、solution、solve、unravel

　 　 　

「disintegrate」

　　[★]

• vt.

• ～をバラバラにする、崩壊させる。～を(成分・部分などに)分解する
• (団結・調和など)をなくす、なくさせる
• (物理)(原子核・物質)を崩壊させる

• vi.

• 崩壊/分解する、崩れて(～に)なる(into)、こなごな/ばらばらになる
• (物理)(原子核が)崩壊する(decay)
• (略式)(精神的・肉体的に)弱る
• 判断力/自制心をなくす。

関

breakdown, catabolize, catabolized, collapse, crack, decay, decompose, decomposition, degradation, degrade, disassemble, disassembly, disintegration, disruption, resolve

　 　 　 　

「分解」

　　[★]

英

degradation、breakdown、decomposition、disintegration、disassembly、degrade、resolve、disassemble、crack、decompose、catabolize、disintegrate、catabolized

関

異化、解決、解重合、解体、回復、壊変、亀裂、クラック、故障、腐敗、分離、崩壊、構成不能、破綻、消散、ひび

「breakdown」

　　[★]

• n.

• 分解、崩壊、破綻、故障

関

catabolize、catabolized、collapse、crack、decay、decompose、decomposition、degradation、degrade、disassemble、disassembly、disintegrate、disintegration、disruption、resolve、rupture、trouble

　 　 　 　

「decomposition」

　　[★]

• ｎ.

• 分解、腐敗、(生理;運動の)構成不能

関

breakdown、catabolize、catabolized、crack、decompose、degradation、degrade、disassemble、disassembly、disintegrate、disintegration、putrefaction、putrefactive、resolve、rot

　 　 　 　 　

「catabolize」

　　[★]

• v.

• 異化する、分解する

関

breakdown、catabolic、catabolism、catabolized、crack、decompose、decomposition、degradation、degrade、disassemble、disassembly、disintegrate、disintegration、dissimilation、resolve