WordNet

manage or run; "tend a store"
have a tendency or disposition to do or be something; be inclined; "She tends to be nervous before her lectures"; "These dresses run small"; "He inclined to corpulence" (同)be given, lean, incline, run
have care of or look after; "She tends to the children"
an automatic instinctive unlearned reaction to a stimulus (同)reflex response, reflex action, instinctive reflex, innate reflex, inborn reflex, unconditioned_reflex, physiological reaction
a cord or band of inelastic tissue connecting a muscle with its bony attachment (同)sinew
(of leaves) bent downward and outward more than 90 degrees

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈人が〉(…の)『傾向がある』,(…)しがちである / 〈物事が〉(ある方向に)向かう,(ある状態に)向かう
〈人・動植物など〉‘の'『世話をする』,めんどうをみる / 《米》〈店〉‘の'番をする / 《tend to+名》…に気をつける,心を配る
反射(刺激に対する無意識の反応) / 《複数形で》反射的な動き / (光などの)反射,反射光;映像 / 反射性の / (カメラが)レフ鋼の,反射型の
腱(けん)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/10/10 08:18:17」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

Tendon reflex (or T-reflex) may refer to:

A stretch reflex, when the stretch is created by a blow upon a muscle tendon. This is the usual definition of the term. ^[1]^[2] A common example is the standard knee-jerk response when visiting the doctor. ^[3] Deep tendon reflex also usually refers to this sense. A deep tendon reflex is often associated with muscle stretching. ^[4] Tendon reflex tests are used to determine the integrity of the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system, and they can be used to detect the presence of a neuromuscular disease. ^[5]
The Golgi tendon reflex, motivated by that the sensory receptors for this reflex are anatomically located in the tendon, while the sensory receptors for the stretch reflex are actually inside the proper muscle.

Testing[edit]

To test the reflex,tap on the tendon. In a healthy individual the intensity on both sides is equal. This means that the connections between the spinal cord and the muscles are undamaged. ^[6]

Functions of Tendon Reflex[edit]

The tendon reflex is a response to extensive tension on a tendon.^[7]It helps avoid strong muscle contractions which could tear the tendon from either the muscle or bone.^[8] In sports, quick movements can damage the tendon before the reflex can occur. .^[9]The tendon reflex also helps spread the workload more evenly over the entire muscle by preventing “muscle fibers connected with overstiumlated tendon organs so that their contraction is more comparable to the contraction of the rest of the muscle.”^[10]

References[edit]

^ TheFreeDictionary > tendon reflex Citing: Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. 2007
^ dictionary.com > tendon reflex Citing: Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary, 2007 and The American Heritage Stedman's Medical Dictionary 2002
^ wustl.edu > tendon reflex Citing: wustl.edu. REFLEXES: Tendon & Other. 2008.
^ TheFreeDictionary.com > deep tendon reflex Citing: The American Heritage Medical Dictionary, 2007 and Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition, 2009
^ eNotes > tendon reflex Citing: Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health. 2002
^ Batavia , Mitchell, and Andrew McDonough. "Demonstrating the Stretch Reflex: A Mechanical Model." National Associations of Biology Teachers 62.7 (2000): 503-507. JSTOR. Web. 9 Dec. 2011.
^ Saladin, Kenneth S. Anatomy & Physiology: the Unity of Form and Function. Dubuque: McGraw-Hill, 2012. Print.1
^ Saladin, Kenneth S. Anatomy & Physiology: the Unity of Form and Function. Dubuque: McGraw-Hill, 2012. Print.1
^ Saladin, Kenneth S. Anatomy & Physiology: the Unity of Form and Function. Dubuque: McGraw-Hill, 2012. Print.1
^ Saladin, Kenneth S. Anatomy & Physiology: the Unity of Form and Function. Dubuque: McGraw-Hill, 2012. Print.1

External links[edit]

"Tendon reflex" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary

Reflex, Tendon at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Tendon+reflex at eMedicine Dictionary

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

The challenge of tendon pain.

Vicenzino B.SourceUniversity of Queensland, Australia.
British journal of sports medicine.Br J Sports Med.2013 Jun;47(9):e2. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092459.1.
Most patients with tendinopathy report pain interfering with their physical capacity to perform to expectation, either at sport, recreation or work. Tendinopathy is a diagnosis associated with collagen disruption, increased tenocytes and ground substance, and neovessels. The relationship between the
PMID 23666983

Reduction of the linear reflex gain explained from the m1-m2 refractory period.

Klomp A, de Vlugt E, Meskers CG, de Groot JH, Arendzen JH, van der Helm FC.AbstractLinear system identification methods combined with neuromechanical modeling enable the quantification of reflex gains from recorded joint angular perturbation, torque, and/or electromyography (EMG). However, the stretch reflex response as recorded by EMG consists of multiple consecutive activation volleys (M1 and M2 responses) separated by a period of reduced activity and is nonlinearly related to joint perturbation. The goal of this study is to assess to what extent linear assumptions hold when quantifying these reflexive responses. Series of ramp-and-hold angular perturbations with fixed velocity but different ramp durations (and, therefore, different amplitudes) were applied to the wrist joint of seven healthy volunteers. Evoked EMG responses were compared to the reflex response estimated from a common linear reflex model relating EMG to perturbation velocity. Model fits described the measured EMG responses best when the perturbation and M1 response durations were equivalent. With increasing perturbation duration, i.e., amplitude, EMG response increased but reflex gain decreased due to the inert period after M1, which is believed to be related to alignment of the refractory period of the motoneurons. For angular joint perturbations exceeding the M1 duration (coinciding with 2 (°) of wrist joint rotation in this study), reflex gain variation may be largely explained from a shortcoming of the linear model in describing the nonlinear reflex response, and in particular the period of low reflexive activity after M1.
IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering.IEEE Trans Biomed Eng.2013 Jun;60(6):1721-7. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2013.2241432. Epub 2013 Jan 21.
Linear system identification methods combined with neuromechanical modeling enable the quantification of reflex gains from recorded joint angular perturbation, torque, and/or electromyography (EMG). However, the stretch reflex response as recorded by EMG consists of multiple consecutive activation v
PMID 23358942

Japanese Journal

3軸加速度計を用いた膝蓋腱反射の定量的解析

小林達樹,伊崎輝昌,前山彰 [他],有水淳,高森義博,内藤正俊
福岡大学医学紀要 39(3/4), 247-250, 2012-12-00
NAID 110009494804

80歳以上の頚髄症の神経学的所見 : 下肢深部腱反射を中心とした前向き研究 (西日本脊椎研究会特集号) -- (80歳以上の脊椎疾患の治療戦略)

濱？貴彦,安本正徳,蜂須賀裕己 [他]
Journal of spine research : official journal of the Japanese Society for Spine Surgery and Related Research 3(5), 744-746, 2012-05-00
NAID 40019336357