WordNet

arrange in phases or stages; "phase a withdrawal"
(physical chemistry) a distinct state of matter in a system; matter that is identical in chemical composition and physical state and separated from other material by the phase boundary; "the reaction occurs in the liquid phase of the system" (同)form
a particular point in the time of a cycle; measured from some arbitrary zero and expressed as an angle (同)phase_angle
any distinct time period in a sequence of events; "we are in a transitional stage in which many former ideas must be revised or rejected" (同)stage
adjust so as to be in a synchronized condition; "he phased the intake with the output of the machine"
(astronomy) the particular appearance of a bodys state of illumination (especially one of the recurring shapes of the part of Earths moon that is illuminated by the sun); "the full phase of the moon"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(変化・発達の)『段階』,『局面』 / (物事の)『面』,様相《+『of』+『名』》 / (月・惑星などの)相 / …‘を'段階的に調整(整理)する

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/03/10 14:12:31」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Many mammal cells, such as this neuron, remain permanently or semipermanently in G₀.

The G₀ phase, G zero phase, or 'resting phase' is a period in the cell cycle in which cells exist in a quiescent state. G₀ phase is viewed as either an extended G₁ phase, where the cell is neither dividing nor preparing to divide, or a distinct quiescent stage that occurs outside of the cell cycle.^[1] Some types of cells, such as nerve and heart muscle cells, become quiescent when they reach maturity (i.e., when they are terminally differentiated) but continue to perform their main functions for the rest of the organism's life. Multinucleated muscle cells that do not undergo cytokinesis are also often considered to be in the G₀ stage.^[1] On occasion, a distinction in terms is made between a G₀ cell and a 'quiescent' cell (e.g., heart muscle cells and neurons), which will never enter the G₁ phase, whereas other G₀ cells may.

In relation to the cell cycle

Cells enter the G₀ phase from a cell cycle checkpoint in the G₁ phase, such as the restriction point (animal cells) or the start point (yeast). This usually occurs in response to a lack of growth factors or nutrients. During the G₀ phase, the cell cycle machinery is dismantled and cyclins disappear. Cells then remain in the G₀ phase until there is a reason for them to divide. Some cell types in mature organisms, such as parenchymal cells of the liver and kidney, enter the G₀ phase semi-permanently and can be induced to begin dividing again only under very specific circumstances. Other types of cells, such as epithelial cells, continue to divide throughout an organism's life and rarely enter G₀.

Distinction from senescent cells

Cellular senescence is distinct from quiescence because it is a state that occurs in response to DNA damage or degradation that would make a cell's progeny nonviable. Senescence then, unlike quiescence, is often a biochemical alternative to the self-destruction of such a damaged cell by apoptosis. Furthermore, quiescence is reversible whereas senescence isn't.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ ^a ^b Re: Are the cells in the G0 (g zero) phase of mitosis really suspended? Erin Cram, Grad student, Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley. 1999. MadScience Network. Question ID 942142089.Cb.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 陣痛の潜伏相 latent phase of labor
2. 小児または骨格が未成熟な思春期における筋骨格損傷：手術が不要な損傷に対するリハビリテーションの概要 musculoskeletal injury in children and skeletally immature adolescents overview of rehabilitation for nonoperative injuries
3. 振戦の概要 overview of tremor
4. 慢性閉塞性肺疾患（COPD）における呼吸筋のトレーニングおよび安静 respiratory muscle training and resting in copd
5. 急性心筋梗塞中の心室頻拍および心室細動の病因 pathogenesis of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation during acute myocardial infarction

English Journal

Wilson-Cowan Equations for Neocortical Dynamics.

Cowan JD1, Neuman J2, van Drongelen W3.
Journal of mathematical neuroscience.J Math Neurosci.2016 Dec;6(1):1. doi: 10.1186/s13408-015-0034-5. Epub 2016 Jan 4.
In 1972-1973 Wilson and Cowan introduced a mathematical model of the population dynamics of synaptically coupled excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the neocortex. The model dealt only with the mean numbers of activated and quiescent excitatory and inhibitory neurons, and said nothing about fluctua
PMID 26728012

Low dose perfluorooctanoate exposure promotes cell proliferation in a human non-tumor liver cell line.

Zhang H1, Cui R1, Guo X2, Hu J1, Dai J3.
Journal of hazardous materials.J Hazard Mater.2016 Aug 5;313:18-28. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.03.077. Epub 2016 Mar 29.
Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) is a well-known persistent organic pollutant widely found in the environment, wildlife and humans. Medical surveillance and experimental studies have investigated the potential effects of PFOA on human livers, but the hepatotoxicity of PFOA on humans and its underlying mech
PMID 27045622

Cabozantinib is selectively cytotoxic in acute myeloid leukemia cells with FLT3-internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD).

Lu JW1, Wang AN1, Liao HA1, Chen CY2, Hou HA2, Hu CY3, Tien HF2, Ou DL4, Lin LI5.
Cancer letters.Cancer Lett.2016 Jul 1;376(2):218-25. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.04.004. Epub 2016 Apr 6.
Cabozantinib is an oral multikinase inhibitor that exhibits anti-tumor activity in several cancers. We found that cabozantinib was significantly cytotoxic to MV4-11 and Molm-13 cells that harbored FLT3-ITD, resulting in IC50 values of 2.4 nM and 2.0 nM, respectively. However, K562, OCI-AML3 and
PMID 27060207