出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/12/02 21:07:53」(JST)
| Internal capsule | |
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Horizontal section of right cerebral hemisphere. (Capsula interna labeled at upper left.)
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The motor tract.
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| Details | |
| Latin | capsula interna |
| Identifiers | |
| Gray's | p.836 |
| NeuroNames | hier-180 |
| NeuroLex ID | Internal capsule |
| Dorlands /Elsevier |
c_07/12211417 |
| Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy | |
The internal capsule is a white matter structure situated in the inferomedial part of each cerebral hemisphere of brain. It carries information past the basal ganglia, separating the caudate nucleus and the thalamus from the putamen and the globus pallidus. The internal capsule contains both ascending and descending axons. The Internal Capsule contains fibres going to and coming from the cerebral cortex
The corticospinal tract constitutes a large part of the internal capsule, carrying motor information from the primary motor cortex to the lower motor neurons in the spinal cord. Above the basal ganglia the corticospinal tract is a part of the corona radiata, below the basal ganglia the tract is called crus cerebri (a part of the cerebral peduncle) and below the pons it is referred to as the corticospinal tract.
The internal capsule is V-shaped when cut horizontally, in a transverse plane.
When cut horizontally:
The genu of internal capsule is the flexure of the internal capsule.
The fibers in the region of the genu are named the geniculate fibers; they originate in the motor part of the cerebral cortex, and, after passing downward through the base of the cerebral peduncle with the cerebrospinal fibers, undergo decussation and end in the motor nuclei of the cranial nerves of the opposite side.
It is formed by fibers from the corticonuclear tracts.
The anterior limb of internal capsule (or frontal part) contains:
The posterior limb of internal capsule (or occipital part) is the portion of the internal capsule posterior to the genu.
The anterior two-thirds of the occipital part of the internal capsule contains fibers of the corticospinal tract, which arise in the motor area of the cerebral cortex and, passing downward through the middle three-fifths of the base of the cerebral peduncle, are continued into the pyramids of the medulla oblongata.
The posterior third of the occipital part contains:
The superior parts of both the anterior and posterior limbs and the genu of the internal capsule are supplied by the lenticulostriate arteries, which are branches of the M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery.
The inferior half of the anterior limb is supplied via the recurrent artery of Heubner, which is a branch of the anterior cerebral artery.
The inferior half of the posterior limb is supplied by the anterior choroidal artery, which is a branch of the internal carotid artery.
In summary, the blood supply of the internal capsule is
Anterior limb: lenticulostriate branches of middle cerebral artery (superior half) and recurrent artery of Heubner off of the anterior cerebral artery (inferior half)
Genu: lenticulostriate branches of middle cerebral artery
Posterior limb: lenticulostriate branches of middle cerebral artery (superior half) and anterior choroidal artery branch of the internal carotid artery (inferior half)
As in many parts of the body, some degree of variation in the blood supply exists. For example, thalamoperforator arteries, which are branches of the basilar artery, occasionally supply the inferior half of the posterior limb.
Working anterior to posterior:
Other fibers within the internal capsule
The lenticulostriate arteries supply a substantial amount of the internal capsule. These small vessels are particularly vulnerable to narrowing in the setting of chronic hypertension and can result in small, punctate infarctions or intraparenchymal haemorrhage due to vessel rupture.
Lesions of the genu of the internal capsule affect fibers of the corticobulbar tract.
The primary motor cortex sends its axons through the posterior limb of the internal capsule. Lesions, therefore, result in a contralateral hemiparesis or hemiplegia. While symptoms of weakness due to an isolated lesion of the posterior limb can initially be severe, recovery of motor function is sometimes possible due to spinal projections of premotor cortical regions that are contained more rostrally in the internal capsule.
Deep dissection of brain-stem. Lateral view.
Superficial dissection of brain-stem. Ventral view.
Coronal section of brain immediately in front of pons.
Dissection showing the course of the cerebrospinal fibers.
Diagram of the tracts in the internal capsule.
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| リンク元 | 「内包後脚」 |
| 関連記事 | 「posterior」「internal」「intern」「posterior limb」「limb」 |