intern

• n.

• インターン、医学研修生

　 　 　 　

WordNet

1. work as an intern; "The young doctor is interning at the Medical Center this year"
2. an advanced student or graduate in medicine gaining supervised practical experience (`houseman is a British term) (同)interne, houseman, medical intern
3. deprive of freedom; "During WW II, Japanese were interned in camps in the West"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (特に戦時中)〈人・船など〉‘を'強制収容する,抑留する
2. 〈死体〉‘を'埋葬する

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2018/03/03 18:01:37」(JST)

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An internship is a period of work experience offered by an organisation for a limited period of time. Once confined to medical graduates, the term is now used for a wide range of placements within businesses, non-profit organisations and government agencies. They are typically undertaken by students and graduates looking to gain relevant skills and experience in a particular field. Employers benefit from these placements because they often recruit employees from their best interns, who have known capabilities, thus saving time and money in the long run. Internships are usually arranged by third-party organisations which recruit interns on behalf of industry groups. Rules vary from country to country about when interns should be regarded as employees. The system can be open to exploitation by unscrupulous employers.

Internships for professional careers are similar in some ways, but not as rigorous as apprenticeships for professions, trade, and vocational jobs. The lack of standardization and oversight leaves the term "internship" open to broad interpretation. Interns may be high school students, college and university students, or post-graduate adults. These positions may be paid or unpaid and are temporary.

Typically, an internship consists of an exchange of services for experience between the intern and the organization. Internships are used to determine if the intern still has an interest in that field after the real life experience. In addition, an internship can be used to create a professional network that can assist with letters of recommendation and or lead to future employment opportunities. The benefit of bringing an intern into full-time employment is that they are already familiar with the company, their position, and they typically need little to no training. Internships provide current college students the ability to participate in a field of their choice to receive hands on learning about a particular future career, preparing them for full-time work following graduation.

Types

Internships exist in a wide variety of industries and settings. An internship can be paid, unpaid, or partially paid (in the form of a stipend). Internships may be part-time or full-time and are usually flexible with students schedules. A typical internship lasts between one and four months, but can be shorter or longer, depending on the organization involved. The act of job shadowing may also constitute interning.

• Paid internships are common in professional fields including medicine, architecture, science, engineering, law, business (especially accounting and finance), technology, and advertising. Work experience internships usually occur during the second or third year of schooling. This type of internship is to expand an intern's knowledge both in their school studies and also at the company. The intern is expected to bring ideas and knowledge from school into the company.
• Work research, virtual research (graduation) or dissertation: This is mostly done by students who are in their final year of school. With this kind of internship, a student does research for a particular company. The company can have something that they feel they need to improve, or the student can choose a topic within the company themselves. The results of the research study will be put in a report and often will have to be presented.
• Unpaid internships are typically through non-profit charities and think tanks which often have unpaid or volunteer positions.
• Partially-paid internships is when students are paid in the form of a stipend. Stipends are typically a fixed amount of money that is paid out on a regular basis. Usually, interns that are paid with stipends are paid on a set schedule associated with the organization.

Another type of internship growing in popularity is the virtual internship, in which the intern works remotely, and is not physically present at the job location. It provides the capacity to gain job experience without the conventional requirement of being physically present in an office. The internship is conducted via virtual means, such as phone, email, and web communication. Virtual interns generally have the opportunity to work at their own pace.

Internship for a fee

Companies in search of interns often find and place students in mostly unpaid internships, for a fee. These companies charge students to assist with research, promising to refund the fee if no internship is found. The programs vary and aim to provide internship placements at reputable companies. Some companies may also provide controlled housing in a new city, mentorship, support, networking, weekend activities, and/or academic credit.

Some companies specifically fund scholarships and grants for low-income applicants. Critics of internships criticize the practice of requiring certain college credits to be obtained only through unpaid internships. Depending on the cost of the school, this is often seen as an unethical practice, as it requires students to exchange paid-for and often limited tuition credits to work an uncompensated job. Paying for academic credits is a way to ensure students complete the duration of the internship, since they can be held accountable by their academic institution. For example, a student may be awarded academic credit only after their university receives a positive review from the intern's supervisor at the sponsoring organization.

See also

• Curricular Practical Training (for international students)
• Experiential education
• Externship
  • Sub-internship
• Practicum
• Postdoctoral researcher
• Service-learning
• Skintern
• Take Our Daughters and Sons to Work Day

Further reading

• Lucas, Clay, "Unpaid internship: code for modern-day exploitation?", The Sydney Morning Herald, Sydney, Australia, April 11, 2012
• Perlin, Ross, Intern nation : how to earn nothing and learn little in the brave new economy, 1st ed., Brooklyn, NY : Verso Books, 2011. ISBN 978-1-84467-686-6
• Conlin, Michelle, "Intern Abuse?", Bloomberg Businessweek, May 5, 2009
• IITians shun fat paychecks to start their own ventures, inspired by success of IIT alumni startups

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 中心静脈カテーテルの合併症とその予防 complications of central venous catheters and their prevention
• 2. 成人における気道確保困難 the difficult airway in adults
• 3. 患者に対するアプローチ approach to the patient

English Journal

• Impact of mindfulness training on attentional control and anger regulation processes for psychotherapists in training.

• Rodriguez Vega B, Melero-Llorente J, Bayon Perez C, Cebolla S, Mira J, Valverde C, Fernández-Liria A.Author information a Psychiatry , La Paz University Hospital. Idipaz , Madrid , Spain.AbstractAbstract Objectives: Little empirical literature focuses on psychotherapists' cultivation of internal states of mind necessary for controlling attention and responding empathically to the client. We explore the effects of mindfulness training on emotional and attentional measures in Spanish resident intern psychiatrists and clinical psychologists. Method: One hundred and three residents were assigned to an experimental group (n = 60) that completed an 8-week mindfulness training versus a wait-list control group (n = 43). We evaluated emotional variables (sadness, anxiety, and anger, using standard instruments), state of mindfulness (using the Mindfulness Awareness Attention Scale), and attentional control variables using objective measures such as a continuous performance task and the Stroop task before and after mindfulness training. Results: Our study provides data that suggest that mindfulness training significantly improves measures of trait anger and attentional control. Conclusions: Further research is needed to replicate these findings, explore the effects of mindfulness training on other aspects of emotional regulation and cognition, and evaluate the impact of these effects within clinical situations.
• Psychotherapy research : journal of the Society for Psychotherapy Research.Psychother Res.2014 Mar;24(2):202-13. doi: 10.1080/10503307.2013.838651. Epub 2013 Oct 18.
• Abstract Objectives: Little empirical literature focuses on psychotherapists' cultivation of internal states of mind necessary for controlling attention and responding empathically to the client. We explore the effects of mindfulness training on emotional and attentional measures in Spanish resident
• PMID 24138089

• Financial Incentives for Home-Based Health Monitoring: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

• Sen AP, Sewell TB, Riley EB, Stearman B, Bellamy SL, Hu MF, Tao Y, Zhu J, Park JD, Loewenstein G, Asch DA, Volpp KG.Author information Penn CMU Roybal P30 Center in Behavioral Economics and Health and Leonard Davis Institute Center for Health Incentives and Behavioral Economics, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Aditisen@wharton.upenn.edu.AbstractBACKGROUND: Home wireless device monitoring could play an important role in improving the health of patients with poorly controlled chronic diseases, but daily engagement rates among these patients may be low.
• Journal of general internal medicine.J Gen Intern Med.2014 Feb 13. [Epub ahead of print]
• BACKGROUND: Home wireless device monitoring could play an important role in improving the health of patients with poorly controlled chronic diseases, but daily engagement rates among these patients may be low.OBJECTIVE: To test the effectiveness of two different magnitudes of financial incentives fo
• PMID 24522623

• Propensity scores for confounder adjustment when assessing the effects of medical interventions using nonexperimental study designs.

• Stürmer T, Wyss R, Glynn RJ, Brookhart MA.Author information Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.AbstractTreatment effects, especially when comparing two or more therapeutic alternatives as in comparative effectiveness research, are likely to be heterogeneous across age, gender, co-morbidities and co-medications. Propensity scores (PSs), an alternative to multivariable outcome models to control for measured confounding, have specific advantages in the presence of heterogeneous treatment effects. Implementing PSs using matching or weighting allows us to estimate different overall treatment effects in differently defined populations. Heterogeneous treatment effects can also be due to unmeasured confounding concentrated in those treated contrary to prediction. Sensitivity analyses based on PSs can help to assess such unmeasured confounding. PSs should be considered a primary or secondary analytic strategy in nonexperimental medical research, including pharmacoepidemiology and nonexperimental comparative effectiveness research.
• Journal of internal medicine.J Intern Med.2014 Feb 13. doi: 10.1111/joim.12197. [Epub ahead of print]
• Treatment effects, especially when comparing two or more therapeutic alternatives as in comparative effectiveness research, are likely to be heterogeneous across age, gender, co-morbidities and co-medications. Propensity scores (PSs), an alternative to multivariable outcome models to control for mea
• PMID 24520806

• Infective and non-infective endocarditis in critically ill patients: a clinical-pathological study.

• Berlot G, Calderan C, Fiorenza C, Cappelli D, Addesa S, Bussani R.Author information Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Cattinara Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy, berlot@inwind.it.AbstractThe aims of this study are to estimate the incidence, the outcome and the associated risk factors of infective and non-infective endocarditis (IE and NIE, respectively) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. We studied the post-mortem findings and the clinical data of the patients who died in our ICU between 1996 and 2010. Of the 765 reviewed autopsies, 21 patients (2.7 %) presented cardiac vegetations. These cases consisted of 12 IEs and 9 NIEs. Three patients with IE had a mechanical prosthetic valve, and in 11 cases invasive devices had been used. Multiple peripheral embolisms were discovered at autopsy. In particular, the brain appeared to be more affected in patients with IE, while pulmonary embolisms were commonly associated with NIE. Blood cultures were positive in nine patients with IE. The imaging diagnostics (transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography) which were seldom performed in both groups, proved to be of little help. As a consequence, an IE was correctly diagnosed before death in three patients (25 %) and suspected in two other cases (17 %), while a NIE was diagnosed before death in one patient alone. In conclusions, critically ill patients admitted to general ICUs, multiple factors related both to the underlying conditions and to performed procedures can facilitate the occurrence of IE and NIE making, at the same time, their diagnosis challenging. Many cases, in fact, are diagnosed only at autopsy. Yet again, post-mortem examination proves to be an invaluable tool for the evaluation of diagnostic accuracy in critical care.
• Internal and emergency medicine.Intern Emerg Med.2014 Feb 12. [Epub ahead of print]
• The aims of this study are to estimate the incidence, the outcome and the associated risk factors of infective and non-infective endocarditis (IE and NIE, respectively) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. We studied the post-mortem findings and the clinical data of the patients who died in our IC
• PMID 24519321

Japanese Journal

• 北海道農業における外国人技能実習生の受入状況の変化と課題 : 制度改正を目前に控えた2016年までの分析結果

• 開発論集 = The journal of development policy studies (101), 117-143, 2018-03
• NAID 120006462830

• The Role of the Japanese Technical Intern Training Programme on Workforce Development in Thailand and Laos

• 佐賀大学経済論集 / 佐賀大学経済学会 50(4), 67-95, 2018-03
• NAID 120006460623

• 新大久保地区における在留外国人住民の多国籍化 ―都市部の多文化共生を考える前に―

• 東洋大学社会学部紀要 = The Bulletin of Faculty of Sociology,Toyo University 53(2), 49-65, 2018-03
• NAID 120006411974

• 特許権の消尽に関する米国連邦最高裁Impression事件判決[2017.5.30] (原田國男教授・三上威彦教授・六車明教授退職記念号)

• 慶應法学 = Keio law journal (40), 163-175, 2018-02
• NAID 120006414540

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• intern - definition of intern by The Free Dictionary

in·tern also in·terne (ĭn′tûrn′) n. 1. a. A student or a recent graduate undergoing supervised practical training. b. A physician who has recently ... Many employers don't realize this, but all six criteria must be met for the intern to be ...

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Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「インターン」「医学研修生」
拡張検索	「internal control」
関連記事	「inter」

「インターン」

　　[★]

英

intern

関

医学研修生、実習生の労働時間、インターンの労働時間

「医学研修生」

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英

intern

関

インターン

「internal control」

　　[★]

• 内部標準

関

internal standard

「inter」

　　[★]

• comb form.

インター、間の

関

among、amongst、between、during、while、whilst