used of seeds or spores that are enclosed in a capsule (同)capsulated
enclose in a capsule or other small container
put in a short or concise form; reduce in volume; "capsulize the news" (同)capsule, capsulize, capsulise
PrepTutorEJDIC
さやに包まれた / カプセルに入れられた
…‘を'カプセルに入れる / 〈事実など〉‘を'矮(わい)小化する
English Journal
Prevalence and genetic analysis of phenotypically Vi- negative Salmonella typhi isolates in children from Kathmandu, Nepal.
Pulickal AS, Callaghan MJ, Kelly DF, Maskey M, Mahat S, Hamaluba M, Dongol S, Adhikari N, Thorson S, Basynat B, Murdoch DR, Farrar JJ, Pollard AJ.Author information Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX3 7LE, UK. apulickal@wihri.orgAbstractThe Vi capsular polysaccharide (ViPS) protects Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype Typhi (S.Typhi) in vivo by multiple mechanisms. Recent microbiological reports from typhoid endemic countries suggest that acapsulate S.Typhi may occur in nature and contribute to clinical typhoid fever that is indistinguishable from disease caused by capsulate strains. The prevalence and genetic basis of ViPS-negative S.Typhi isolates in children from Kathmandu, Nepal, were tested in 68 isolates. Although 5.9% of isolates tested negative for capsular expression by slide agglutination tests, a novel multiplex PCR assay and individual PCR analyses demonstrated the presence of all 14 genes responsible for the synthesis, transportation and regulation of the ViPS. These data suggest that phenotypically acapsulate S.Typhi may not have a genetic basis for the same.
The Vi capsular polysaccharide (ViPS) protects Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype Typhi (S.Typhi) in vivo by multiple mechanisms. Recent microbiological reports from typhoid endemic countries suggest that acapsulate S.Typhi may occur in nature and contribute to clinical typhoid fever t
M-protein gene-type distribution and hyaluronic acid capsule in group A Streptococcus clinical isolates in Chile: association of emm gene markers with csrR alleles.
Wozniak A, Rojas P, Rodríguez C, Undabarrena A, Garate C, Riedel I, Román JC, Kalergis AM, García P.Author information Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.AbstractStreptococcus pyogenes causes a variety of infections because of virulence factors such as capsular hyaluronic acid and M protein. The aim of this study was to determine emm types and capsule phenotype in 110 isolates of S. pyogenes from patients with invasive (sterile sites) and non-invasive (mainly pharyngitis) infections in Chile, and the relationship between both virulence factors. The most abundant types found were emm12, emm1, emm4 and emm28 and their distribution was similar to that seen in Latin America and developed countries, but very different from that in Asia and Pacific Island countries. Ten of 16 emm types identified in pharyngeal isolates were found in sterile-site isolates, and three of nine emm types of sterile-site isolates occurred in pharyngeal isolates; three emm subtypes were novel. The amount of hyaluronic acid was significantly higher in sterile-site isolates but did not differ substantially among emm types. Only three isolates were markedly capsulate and two of them had mutations in the csrR gene that codes for a repressor of capsule synthesis genes. We found a non-random association between emm types and csrR gene alleles suggesting that horizontal gene transfer is not freely occurring in the population.
Streptococcus pyogenes causes a variety of infections because of virulence factors such as capsular hyaluronic acid and M protein. The aim of this study was to determine emm types and capsule phenotype in 110 isolates of S. pyogenes from patients with invasive (sterile sites) and non-invasive (mainl
Evaluation of the in vitro activity of amphotericin B by time-kill curve methodology against large and small capsulate C. neoformans isolates.
Córdoba S, Afeltra J, Vitale RG.Author information Departamento de Micologia; Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, (INEI), ANLIS Dr. C.G. Malbrán, Buenos Aires 1281, Argentina.AbstractWe have evaluated and compared the activity of amphotericin B (AMB) by time-kill curve methodology against 20 clinical Cryptococcus neoformans isolates in which capsule induction in vitro was performed. Overall, large capsulated isolates were more resistant to killing by AMB over time when compared with those small capsulate ones.
We have evaluated and compared the activity of amphotericin B (AMB) by time-kill curve methodology against 20 clinical Cryptococcus neoformans isolates in which capsule induction in vitro was performed. Overall, large capsulated isolates were more resistant to killing by AMB over time when compared
Large-scale network that provides overlay networks for communication services : En-/de-capsulation, New routing architecture and new IP packet with 48-bit address (情報ネットワーク)
電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. IN, 情報ネットワーク 112(230), 133-138, 2012-10-03
cap·su·late / ˈkæp səˌleɪt, -lɪt, -syʊ-/ Show Spelled [kap-s uh-leyt, -lit, -sy oo-] Show IPA adjective enclosed in or formed into a capsule. Also, cap·su·lat·ed. Origin: 1660–70; Neo-Latin capsulātus. See capsule, -ate 1 Related forms ...