- n
- 環境
WordNet
- the environmental condition (同)surroundings
- a condition that accompanies or influences some event or activity
- information that should be kept in mind when making a decision; "another consideration is the time it would take" (同)condition, consideration
- formal ceremony about important occasions; "pomp and circumstance"
- the environment as it relates to living organisms; "it changed the ecology of the island"
- the branch of biology concerned with the relations between organisms and their environment (同)bionomics, environmental science
- the totality of surrounding conditions; "he longed for the comfortable environment of his living room"
- the area in which something exists or lives; "the country--the flat agricultural surround" (同)environs, surroundings, surround
- of or relating to the external conditions or surroundings; "environmental factors"
- concerned with the ecological effects of altering the environment; "environmental pollution"
- completely enveloping; "the ambient air"; "ambient sound"; "the ambient temperature"
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 《単数形で》(特に人の社会的な)環境,周囲
- 〈C〉《複数形で》(人や行動に影響を及ぼす)『情況』,『環境』,周囲の事情;条件 / 〈C〉(特定の)事情,(事の)次第,でき事 / 〈C〉《複数形で》『経済状態』,暮らし向き,境遇 / 〈U〉ものものしさ,抑々しさ / 〈U〉(特に一部始終を)詳細に述べること
- 生態学(生物と生活環境との関連を研究する学問)
- 『環境』,周囲の状況;《the~》自然環境
- 環境の;自然環境の
- 周囲の,周りの,取り巻いている
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/05/14 23:41:08」(JST)
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- 1. 小児における発話言語障害の評価および治療 evaluation and treatment of speech and language disorders in children
- 2. 抗リン脂質抗体症候群の病因 pathogenesis of the antiphospholipid syndrome
- 3. 末期腎不全患者における弁膜症 valvular heart disease in patients with end stage renal disease
- 4. ヘリコバクターピロリ感染の細菌学および疫学 bacteriology and epidemiology of helicobacter pylori infection
- 5. QT延長症候群の病態生理 pathophysiology of the long qt syndrome
English Journal
- Lymphokine-activated killer and dendritic cell carriage enhances oncolytic reovirus therapy for ovarian cancer by overcoming antibody neutralization in ascites.
- Jennings VA, Ilett EJ, Scott KJ, West EJ, Vile R, Pandha H, Harrington K, Young A, Hall GD, Coffey M, Selby P, Errington-Mais F, Melcher AA.Author information Targeted & Biological Therapies Group, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom.AbstractReovirus is an oncolytic virus (OV), which acts by both direct tumor cell killing and priming of antitumor immunity. A major obstacle for effective oncolytic virotherapy is effective delivery of OV to tumor cells. Ovarian cancer is often confined to the peritoneal cavity and therefore i.p. delivery of reovirus may provide the ideal locoregional delivery, avoiding systemic dissemination. However, ovarian cancer is associated with an accumulation of ascitic fluid, which may interfere with oncolytic viral therapy. Here, we investigated the effect of ascites on reovirus-induced oncolysis against primary ovarian cancer cells and ovarian cancer cell lines. In the absence of ascites, reovirus was cytotoxic against ovarian cancer cells; however, cytotoxicity was abrogated in the presence of ascitic fluid. Neutralizing antibodies (NAb) were identified as the cause of this inhibition. Loading OV onto cell carriers may facilitate virus delivery in the presence of NAb and immune cells which have their own antitumor effector activity are particularly appealing. Immature dendritic cells (iDC), Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells and LAKDC cocultures were tested as potential carriers for reovirus for tumor cell killing and immune cell priming. Reovirus-loaded LAKDC, and to a lesser degree iDC, were able to: (i) protect from NAb and hand-off reovirus for tumor cell killing; (ii) induce a proinflammatory cytokine milieu (IFNɣ, IL-12, IFNα and TNFα) and (iii) generate an innate and specific antitumor adaptive immune response. Hence, LAKDC pulsed with reovirus represent a novel, clinically practical treatment for ovarian cancer to maximise both direct and innate/adaptive immune-mediated tumor cell killing.
- International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.Int J Cancer.2014 Mar 1;134(5):1091-101. doi: 10.1002/ijc.28450. Epub 2013 Sep 18.
- Reovirus is an oncolytic virus (OV), which acts by both direct tumor cell killing and priming of antitumor immunity. A major obstacle for effective oncolytic virotherapy is effective delivery of OV to tumor cells. Ovarian cancer is often confined to the peritoneal cavity and therefore i.p. delivery
- PMID 23982804
- Endogenous NAMPT dampens chemokine expression and apoptotic responses in stressed tubular cells.
- Benito-Martin A1, Ucero AC1, Izquierdo MC1, Santamaria B2, Picatoste B1, Carrasco S1, Lorenzo O1, Ruiz-Ortega M1, Egido J3, Ortiz A4.Author information 1Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias - Fundación Jimenez Diaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.2Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.3Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias - Fundación Jimenez Diaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Fundacion Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo-IRSIN, Madrid, Spain.4Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias - Fundación Jimenez Diaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Fundacion Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo-IRSIN, Spain. Electronic address: aortiz@fjd.es.AbstractDiabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease and identification of new therapeutic targets is needed. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is both an extracellular and intracellular protein. Circulating NAMPT is increased in diabetics and in chronic kidney disease patients. The role of NAMPT in renal cell biology is poorly understood. NAMPT mRNA and protein were increased in the kidneys of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Immunohistochemistry localized NAMPT to glomerular and tubular cells in diabetic rats. The inflammatory cytokine TNFα increased NAMPT mRNA, protein and NAD production in cultured kidney human tubular cells. Exogenous NAMPT increased the mRNA expression of chemokines MCP-1 and RANTES. The NAMPT enzymatic activity inhibitor FK866 prevented these effects. By contrast, FK866 boosted TNFα-induced expression of MCP-1 and RANTES mRNA and endogenous NAMPT targeting by siRNA also had a proinflammatory effect. Furthermore, FK866 promoted tubular cell apoptosis in an inflammatory milieu containing the cytokines TNFα/IFNγ. In an inflammatory environment FK866 promoted tubular cell expression of the lethal cytokine TRAIL. These data are consistent with a role of endogenous NAMPT activity as an adaptive, protective response to an inflammatory milieu that differs from the proinflammatory activity of exogenous NAMPT. Thus, disruption of endogenous NAMPT function in stressed cells promotes tubular cell death and chemokine expression. This information may be relevant for the design of novel therapeutic strategies in DN.
- Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2014 Feb;1842(2):293-303. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.11.022. Epub 2013 Nov 25.
- Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease and identification of new therapeutic targets is needed. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is both an extracellular and intracellular protein. Circulating NAMPT is increased in diabetics and in chronic kidney
- PMID 24287278
- HIV protease inhibitors and onset of cardiovascular diseases: A central role for oxidative stress and dysregulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system.
- Reyskens KM1, Essop MF2.Author information 1Cardio-Metabolic Research Group (CMRG), Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa.2Cardio-Metabolic Research Group (CMRG), Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa. Electronic address: mfessop@sun.ac.za.AbstractThe successful roll-out of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has extended life expectancy and enhanced the overall well-being of HIV-positive individuals. There are, however, increased concerns regarding HAART-mediated metabolic derangements and its potential risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in the long-term. Here certain classes of antiretroviral drugs such as the HIV protease inhibitors (PIs) are strongly implicated in this process. This article largely focuses on the direct PI-linked development of cardio-metabolic complications, and reviews the inter-linked roles of oxidative stress and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) as key mediators driving this process. It is proposed that PIs trigger reactive oxygen species (ROS) production that leads to serious downstream consequences such as cell death, impaired mitochondrial function, and UPS dysregulation. Moreover, we advocate that HIV PIs may also directly lower myocardial UPS function. The attenuation of cardiac UPS can initiate transcriptional changes that contribute to perturbed lipid metabolism, thereby fueling a pro-atherogenic milieu. It may also directly alter ionic channels and interfere with electrical signaling in the myocardium. Therefore HIV PI-induced ROS together with a dysfunctional UPS elicit detrimental effects on the cardiovascular system that will eventually result in the onset of heart diseases. Thus while HIV PIs substantially improve life expectancy and quality of life in HIV-positive patients, its longer-term side-effects on the cardiovascular system should lead to a) greater clinical awareness regarding its benefit-harm paradigm, and b) the development and evaluation of novel co-treatment strategies.
- Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2014 Feb;1842(2):256-68. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.11.019. Epub 2013 Nov 22.
- The successful roll-out of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has extended life expectancy and enhanced the overall well-being of HIV-positive individuals. There are, however, increased concerns regarding HAART-mediated metabolic derangements and its potential risk for cardiovascular disea
- PMID 24275553
Japanese Journal
- Critical Thinking, Critical Literacy and the Four Resources Model
- Andrew McInulty
- 滋賀大学教育学部紀要, 教育科学 (63), 17-23, 2014-03-31
- … For this reason, I draw instead on the four resources model (Freebody and Luke, 1990, 2003), to argue that it can create a milieu in which the techniques of both critical thinking and critical literacy can be combined to encourage and enable learners to challenge, to scrutinize, to evaluate, to accept or to reject differing ideas, and ultimately to achieve a better understanding of the text by extrapolating possible meanings and encoded subtexts and by analysing it critically from a broader contextual perspective. …
- NAID 120005424129
- 17世紀オランダ風景画の再検討 : 《ヴェイク・ベイ・デュールステーデの風車》と《ミッデルハルニスの並木道》をめぐって（承前）
- 有川 治男
- 人文 (12), 7-23, 2014-03
- … By closely examining motifs（windmill, sailboat, avenue, nursery, etc.）and by referring to the recent literature of related fi elds（technological history, economic history, agricultural history, etc.）the author of this essay tries to bring these paintings back to their original milieu, to the Netherlands in the second half of the seventeenth century. …
- NAID 120005426637
- 宴の時代 : 雅宴画と遊楽図
- ペシャール=エルリー エリカ,山本 聡美,Erika Peschard-Erlih,Satomi Yamamoto
- 共立国際研究 : 共立女子大学国際学部紀要 (31), 115-132, 2014
- … This article seeks to examine two paintings from roughly the same 18th century period and with the similar subjects of amusements or pleasures in the open air in order to compare the cultural milieu of the two great cities- Rococo Paris and earlymodern Edo- that produced them. …
- NAID 120005415740
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★リンクテーブル★
| リンク元 | 「circumstance」「環境」「ambient」「environmental」「ecology」 |
| 拡張検索 | 「milieu exterieur」「milieu interieur」 |
「circumstance」
- n.
- 事情、情況、環境
- 境遇、暮らし向き
- 証拠上の状況
- 付随的な事柄、本質的でない物
- (事情を構成する)一つの事実
- (事の)次第、詳細
- 関
- ambient、aspect、case、circumstantial、condition、context、convenience、ecology、environment、environmental、event、instance、milieu、occasion、situation、situational、state
「環境」
「ambient」
- adj.
- 周囲の、ぐるりと取り巻く
- n.
- 環境
「environmental」
- adj.
- 環境の、環境性の、環境的な
「ecology」
- n.