medial geniculate body

内側膝状体

WordNet

1. invest with or as with a body; give body to (同)personify
2. the external structure of a vehicle; "the body of the car was badly rusted"
3. the main mass of a thing
4. a natural object consisting of a dead animal or person; "they found the body in the lake" (同)dead body
5. the entire structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being); "he felt as if his whole body were on fire" (同)organic structure, physical structure
6. a collection of particulars considered as a system; "a body of law"; "a body of doctrine"; "a body of precedents"
7. a group of persons associated by some common tie or occupation and regarded as an entity; "the whole body filed out of the auditorium"; "the student body"; "administrative body"
8. an individual 3-dimensional object that has mass and that is distinguishable from other objects; "heavenly body"
9. the central message of a communication; "the body of the message was short"
10. dividing an animal into right and left halves (同)median
11. bent at a sharp angle

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈C〉『身体』,肉体 / 〈C〉(人・動物の)『胴体』 / 〈C〉)物の)『主要部』,本体《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(…の)『団体』,群れ:(…のたくさんの)集まり《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉物体,…体 / 〈U〉実質;(酒・味などの)こく / 〈C〉《話》人
2. 中間の,中間に位置する / 平均の,並なみの
3. mediumの複数形
4. 《英話》人;(特に)男

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/11/17 14:55:23」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Brain: Medial geniculate nucleus
Thalamic nuclei: MNG = Midline nuclear group AN = Anterior nuclear group MD = Medial dorsal nucleus VNG = Ventral nuclear group VA = Ventral anterior nucleus VL = Ventral lateral nucleus VPL = Ventral posterolateral nucleus VPM = Ventral posteromedial nucleus LNG = Lateral nuclear group PUL = Pulvinar MTh = Metathalamus LG = Lateral geniculate nucleus MG = Medial geniculate nucleus
auditory pathway (Medial geniculate body labeled at upper right, second from top)
Latin	corpus geniculatum mediale
Gray's	subject #188 806
Part of	Thalamus
System	Auditory system
Artery	Striata
NeuroNames	hier-338
NeuroLex ID	birnlex_1670

The medial geniculate nucleus (MGN) or medial geniculate body (MGB) is part of the auditory thalamus and represents the thalamic relay between the inferior colliculus (IC) and the auditory cortex (AC). It is made up of a number of sub-nuclei that are distinguished by their neuronal morphology and density, by their afferent and efferent connections, and by the coding properties of their neurons. It is thought that the MGB influences the direction and maintenance of attention.

Divisions

The MGB has three major divisions; ventral (VMGB), dorsal (DMGB) and medial (MMGB). Whilst the VMGB is specific to auditory information processing, the DMGB and MMGB also receive information from non-auditory pathways.

aaa	Inputs	Outputs
VMGB	* Inferior colliculus ICC (ipsilateral) ICP (contralateral) Reticular nucleus of the thalamus (ipsilateral) Auditory cortex	Auditory cortex Anterior (AAF) Primary (AI) Posterior (PAF)
DMGB	* IC Pericentral nuclei External nuclei Auditory cortex Other thalamic nuclei	Auditory cortex
MMGB	* ICC (ipsilateral) LLN (ipsi and contra) Superior colliculus Periolivary nuclei Auditory cortex Secondary (AII) Reticular nucleus of thalamus Somatosensory and vestibular influences are also present	Auditory Cortex AII (ipsilateral) AAF (ipsilateral) AI (ipsilateral) PAF (ipsilateral)

VMGB: ventral subnucleus of the medial geniculate body

Cell types

There are two main VMGB cell types:

• Thalamocortical relay cells (a.k.a. principal neurons): The dendritic input to these cells comes from two sets of dendritic trees oriented on opposite poles of the cell. The long axis of the relay cells lie parallel to each other running superior-inferiorly with the dendritic trees of cells within the same iso-frequency band overlapping. This is similar to the dendritic organization of the ICC, but with a different orientation. The dendrites of relay cells form a synaptic nest with ascending axons from the IC and intrathalamic interneurons. In this synapse, relay cells are excited by input from the IC axons. At the same time, they are inhibited by dendritodendritic synapses from the interneurons of the VMGB. This type of synaptic nesting is characteristic of other regions in the thalamus as well.

• Intrathalamic Interneurons: These interneurons provide inhibitory (GABA) input to the relay cells at the synaptic nests. The target of their axons however, is not clear. Some interneurons appear to target relay cells, while others target other interneurons. There is also at least one type of interneuron that appears to not be involved in the synaptic nests.

Function

The VMGB is thought to be primarily responsible for relaying frequency, intensity and binaural information to the cortex. The responses in the VMGB appear to be organized in a tonotopically similar way to those in the IC. The primary difference being that the iso-frequency bands are arranged such that lateral regions are most responsive to low frequencies and medial regions are responsive to high frequencies. Spatiotopic and modulotopic maps (as in the IC) however have not been well supported by mammalian studies. Both monaural (10%) and binaural cells (90%) exist in the MGB. The monaural cells are primarily responsive to sound in the contralateral hemifield. Binaural cells are typically similar to the EE or EI type found in the IC.

DMGB: dorsal subnucleus of the medial geniculate body

Cell types

There are a large number of cell types present in the DMGB:

At least two principal cell types have been found, along with two distinct types of interneurons. Several sub-nuclei have been identified based on morphology. No frequency-specific layering has been found in the DMGB.

Function

Many types of responses are present in the DMGB that appear to vary by sub-nuclei. Generally, the responses are broadly tuned, but some cells appear to respond only to complex stimuli. Other cells are multi modal, often responding to somatosensory as well as auditory stimuli.

MMGB: medial subnucleus of the medial geniculate body

Cell Types

Cells in the MMGB have large irregular shaped dendritic trees. There is no clear segregation based on the source of these inputs.

Function

The MMGB seems to functionally be responsible for detection of the relative intensity and duration of a sound. It shows a wide range of responses to auditory stimuli. Binaural interactions found in the MMGB include EE, EI, and IE types. Both broadly and narrowly tuned cells have been observed. A type of intensity tuning has also been observed. In this type of cell, the response actually decreases as sound intensity increases above a specific level. Almost all cells in the MMGB appear to respond for the duration of the stimulus, and have very little adaptation. Individual cells still appear to be preferentially tuned to certain frequencies, but they often have more than one CF and are broadly tuned around these CF’s. It is not clear whether there truly is one, none, or many tonotopic organizations maps present in the MMGB. Anaesthetics tend to have large effects on cells within the MMGB, making responses difficult to study. Finally, the behaviour of MMGB cells are complicated by the fact that sensory stimulation from other modalities modifies the responsiveness of many, but not all, cells in the MMGB.

See also

• auditory system
• Lateral geniculate nucleus

Additional images

• Thalamus

• Deep dissection of brain-stem. Lateral view.

• Deep dissection of brain-stem. Lateral view.

• Dissection of brain-stem. Dorsal view.

• Hind- and mid-brains; postero-lateral view.

• Scheme showing central connections of the optic nerves and optic tracts.

References

• Buffalo.edu
• Brainconnection.com

External links

• Mnemonic at medicalmnemonics.com 307 640

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Related Links

• Medial geniculate body - definition of medial geniculate body ...

Thesaurus Antonyms Related Words Synonyms Legend: Noun 1. medial geniculate body - a neural structure that serves as the last of a series of processing centers along the auditory pathway from the cochlea to the temporal lobe of ...

• Medial Geniculate Body Medical Definition | Merriam ...

:a part of the metathalamus consisting of a small oval tubercle situated between the pulvinar, colliculi, and cerebral peduncle that receives nerve impulses from the inferior colliculus and relays them to the auditory cortex—compare lateral geniculate body

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「MG」「内側膝状体」「geniculate body」
関連記事	「medial」「media」「geniculate body」「body」「geniculate」

「MG」

　　[★]

• 重症筋無力症 myasthenia gravis
• 単クローン性免疫グロブリン血症 monoclonal gammopathy
• 筋群 muscle group
• medial geniculate body
• ミオグロビン myoglobin

「内側膝状体」

　　[★]

英

medial geniculate body MGB

ラ

corpus geniculatum mediale

関

視床、外側膝状体

「geniculate body」

　　[★]

膝状体

関

geniculate、lateral geniculate body、medial geniculate body

「medial」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 内側の、中心の、中央の、内側性の

関

center、central、centre、centro、centrum、hub、inner、inside、interior、medialis、medially、middle

　 　

「media」

　　[★]

• n.

関

culture、culture media、culture medium、culture solution、medium

　

「geniculate body」

　　[★]

膝状体

関

geniculate、lateral geniculate body、medial geniculate body

「body」

　　[★]

• n.

• 体、本体、身体、ボディー

「geniculate」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 膝状体の

関

geniculate body