マグネシウム欠乏、マグネシウム欠乏症

WordNet

a light silver-white ductile bivalent metallic element; in pure form it burns with brilliant white flame; occurs naturally only in combination (as in magnesite and dolomite and carnallite and spinel and olivine) (同)Mg, atomic number 12

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〈U〉〈C〉(…の)(量・額などの)不足,欠乏《+『of』(『in』)+『名』》 / 〈C〉不足分,不足量,不足額 / 〈C〉(精神・肉体などの)欠陥
マグネシウム(金属元素;化学記号は『Mg』)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/02/14 17:39:51」(JST)

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This article is about magnesium deficiency in plants. For the same nutritional deficiency in humans (ICD10 code E61.2), see magnesium deficiency (medicine). For a general article on magnesium functions in living organisms, including plants, see magnesium in biology.

Magnesium (Mg) deficiency is a detrimental plant disorder that occurs most often in strongly acidic, light, sandy soils, where magnesium can be easily leached away. Magnesium is an essential macronutrient found from 0.2-0.4% dry matter and is necessary for normal plant growth.^[1]

A plant with Magnesium deficiency

Excess potassium, generally due to fertilizers, further aggravates the stress from the magnesium deficiency.^[2]

Magnesium has an important role in photosynthesis because it forms the central atom of chlorophyll.^[1] Therefore, without sufficient amounts of magnesium, plants begin to degrade the chlorophyll in the old leaves. This causes the main symptom of magnesium deficiency, chlorosis, or yellowing between leaf veins, which stay green, giving the leaves a marbled appearance. Due to magnesium’s mobile nature, the plant will first break down chlorophyll in older leaves and transport the Mg to younger leaves which have greater photosynthetic needs. Therefore, the first sign of magnesium deficiency is the chlorosis of old leaves which progresses to the young leaves as the deficiency continues.^[3] Magnesium also is a necessary activator for many critical enzymes, including ribulosbiphosphate carboxylase (RuBisCO) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEP), both essential enzymes in carbon fixation. Thus low amounts of Mg lead to a decrease in photosynthetic and enzymatic activity within the plants. Magnesium is also crucial in stabilizing ribosome structures, hence, a lack of magnesium causes depolymerization of ribosomes leading to pre-mature aging of the plant.^[1] After prolonged magnesium deficiency, necrosis and dropping of older leaves occurs. Plants deficient in magnesium also produce smaller, woodier fruits.

Magnesium deficiency may be confused with zinc or chlorine deficiencies, viruses, or natural aging since all have similar symptoms. Adding Epsom salts (diluted to 8.5 oz. per 2.2 gal. of water) or crushed dolomitic limestone to the soil can rectify magnesium deficiencies. For a more organic solution, applying home-made compost mulch can prevent leaching during excessive rainfall and provide plants with sufficient amounts of nutrients, including magnesium.^[4]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Norman P.A. Huner; William Hopkins. Introduction to Plant Physiology 4th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. ISBN 978-0-470-24766-2.
^ Ding Y.; Chang C.; Luo W.. "High Potassium Aggravates the Oxidative Stress Induced by Magnesium Deficiency in Rice Leaves". Pedosphere 18 (3): pp. 316-327.
^ Hermans C.; Vuylsteke F.; Coppens F.. "Systems Analysis of the responses to long-term magnesium deficiency and restoration in Arabidopsis thaliana". New Phytologist 187: pp. 132-144.
^ "Problem Solving: Magnesium Deficiency". http://www.gardenersworld.com/how-to/problem-solving/magnesium-deficiency/.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 低マグネシウム血症の評価および治療 evaluation and treatment of hypomagnesemia
2. 低マグネシウム血症の原因 causes of hypomagnesemia
3. マグネシウム欠乏の臨床症状 clinical manifestations of magnesium depletion
4. 心血管疾患における低マグネシウム血症の意義 significance of hypomagnesemia in cardiovascular disease
5. 副甲状腺摘出後の飢餓骨症候群 hungry bone syndrome following parathyroidectomy

English Journal

Alterations of physiology and gene expression due to long-term magnesium-deficiency differ between leaves and roots of Citrus reticulata.

Jin XL1, Ma CL2, Yang LT3, Chen LS4.
Journal of plant physiology.J Plant Physiol.2016 Jul 1;198:103-15. doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.04.011. Epub 2016 May 4.
Seedlings of Ponkan (Citrus reticulata) were irrigated with nutrient solution containing 0 (Mg-deficiency) or 1mM MgSO4 (control) every two day for 16 weeks. Thereafter, we examined magnesium (Mg)-deficiency-induced changes in leaf and root gas exchange, total soluble proteins and gene expression. M
PMID 27163764

Association of Serum Selenium, Zinc and Magnesium Levels with Glycaemic Indices and Insulin Resistance in Pre-diabetes: a Cross-Sectional Study from South India.

Yadav C1, Manjrekar PA2, Agarwal A1, Ahmad A1, Hegde A1, Srikantiah RM1.
Biological trace element research.Biol Trace Elem Res.2016 Jun 6. [Epub ahead of print]
A growing understanding of antioxidant mechanisms and insulin-like actions of trace elements selenium and zinc has rekindled researchers' interest towards their role in diabetes mellitus, nutritional management of which concentrates predominantly on macronutrient intake. However, selenium studies li
PMID 27272715

Cellular Trace Element Changes in Type 1 Diabetes Patients.

Uğurlu V, Binay Ç1, Şimşek E, Bal C.
Journal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology.J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol.2016 Jun 5;8(2):180-6. doi: 10.4274/jcrpe.2449. Epub 2016 Apr 18.
OBJECTIVE: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) may lead to deficiencies in trace elements that have substantial functions in the human organism. Changes in serum magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) levels are correlated with metabolic control and diabetes complications. The aim of this study was
PMID 27086726

Japanese Journal

2型糖尿病におけるマグネシウムの役割

藏前尚子
華齢 : 日本アンチエイジング歯科学会誌 7, 34-39, 2014-11
NAID 40020277657

Magnesium Deficiency Induces the Emergence of Mast Cells in the Liver of Rats

TAKEMOTO Satoshi,YAMAMOTO Akane,TOMONAGA Shozo [他]
Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology 59(6), 560-563, 2013-12
NAID 40019938629

Magnesium Deficiency Phenotypes Upon Multiple Knockout of Arabidopsis thaliana MRS2 Clade B Genes Can be Ameliorated by Concomitantly Reduced Calcium Supply

LENZ Henning,DOMBINOV Vitalij,DREISTEIN Julia,REINHARD Martin R.,GEBERT Michael,KNOOP Volker
Plant and cell physiology 54(7), 1118-1131, 2013-07-01
NAID 10031189953