WordNet

an operation that segregates items into groups according to a specified criterion; "the bottleneck in mail delivery is the process of sorting" (同)sorting
an approximate definition or example; "she wore a sort of magenta dress"; "she served a creamy sort of dessert thing"
a person of a particular character or nature; "what sort of person is he?"; "hes a good sort"
concentrate on a particular place or spot; "The infection has localized in the left eye" (同)localise, focalize, focalise
restrict something to a particular area (同)localise
a determination of the place where something is; "he got a good fix on the target" (同)localisation, location, locating, fix

PrepTutorEJDIC

『種類』,部類(kind) / 性格,性質,タイプ / 《おもに英話》《単数形で》(ある)種類の人 / …‘を'分類する,区分けする;えり分ける,選び出す《+『名』+『out,』+『out』+『名』》
…‘を'(場所・時間などのある範囲)に限る / …‘に'地方色を与える

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/05/21 16:27:03」(JST)

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Localization or localisation may refer to:

Mathematics

Localization (algebra), a formal way to introduce the "denominators" to a given ring or a module
Localization of a category, adding to a category inverse morphisms for some collection of morphisms, constraining them to become isomorphisms
Localization of a module, a construction to introduce denominators in a module M for a ring R
Localization of a ring, in abstract algebra, a systematic method of adding multiplicative inverses to a ring
Localization of a topological space, the localization of topological spaces at primes
Localization theorem, theorem to infer the nullity of a function given only information about its continuity and the value of its integral

Language

Language localization, the process of translating a product into different languages or adapting a product for a specific country or region
- Internationalization and localization, the adaptation of computer software for non-native environments, especially other nations and cultures
  - Game localization, refers to the preparation of video games for other locales
- Dub localization, the adaptation of a movie or television series for another audience

Engineering

GSM localization, a technique for determining the location of an active cell phone or wireless transceiver
Robot localization, figuring out robot's position in an environment
Sound localization, a listener's ability to identify the location or origin of a detected sound
Indoor positioning system, a network of devices used to wirelessly locate objects or people inside a building
Navigation, a technique for determining one's position accurately on the surface of earth
Radiolocation, possibly passive process of finding the location of something through the use of radio waves
Satellite navigation, a positioning and navigation technique aided by satellites

Physics

Anderson localization, in condensed matter physics, the absence of diffusion of waves in a disordered medium
Weak localization, a physical effect which occurs in disordered electronic systems at very low temperatures

Biology

Localization of function, locating psychological functions in the brain or nervous system; see Linguistic intelligence
Localization of sensation, ability to tell what part of the body is affected by touch or other sensation; see Allochiria
Nuclear localization signal, an amino acid sequence on the surface of a protein which acts like a 'tag' to localize the protein in the cell
Subcellular localization, the organization of cellular components into different regions of the cell
Neurologic localization, in neurology, the process of deducing the location of injury based on symptoms and neurologic examination

Other

Localization Era, (1900-1300 BCE) the fourth and final period of the Indus Valley Tradition
The opposite to economic globalisation

English Journal

A metabolomics approach to identify factors influencing glucosinolate thermal degradation rates in Brassica vegetables.

Hennig K1, de Vos RC2, Maliepaard C3, Dekker M4, Verkerk R4, Bonnema G5.Author information 1Food Quality and Design Group, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, NL-6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands; Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, P.O. Box 386, NL-6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands.2Plant Research International, P.O. Box 619, NL-6700AP Wageningen, The Netherlands; Centre for BioSystems Genomics, Wageningen, The Netherlands.3Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, P.O. Box 386, NL-6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands.4Food Quality and Design Group, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, NL-6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands.5Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, P.O. Box 386, NL-6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands; Centre for BioSystems Genomics, Wageningen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: guusje.bonnema@wur.nl.AbstractThermal processing of Brassica vegetables can lead to substantial loss of potential health-promoting glucosinolates (GLs). The extent of thermal degradation of a specific GL varies in different vegetables, possibly due to differences in the composition of other metabolites within the plant matrices. An untargeted metabolomics approach followed by random forest regression was applied to identify metabolites associated to thermal GL degradation in a segregating Brassica oleracea population. Out of 413 metabolites, 15 were associated with the degradation of glucobrassicin, six with that of glucoraphanin and two with both GLs. Among these 23 metabolites three were identified as flavonols (one kaempferol- and two quercetin-derivatives) and two as other GLs (4-methoxyglucobrassicin, gluconasturtiin). Twenty quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for these metabolites, which were associated with glucoraphanin and glucobrassicin degradation, were identified on linkage groups C01, C07 and C09. Two flavonols mapped on linkage groups C07 and C09 and co-localise with the QTL for GL degradation determined previously.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2014 Jul 15;155:287-97. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.01.062. Epub 2014 Jan 31.
Thermal processing of Brassica vegetables can lead to substantial loss of potential health-promoting glucosinolates (GLs). The extent of thermal degradation of a specific GL varies in different vegetables, possibly due to differences in the composition of other metabolites within the plant matrices.
PMID 24594187

Computational modelling of electrocardiograms: repolarisation and T-wave polarity in the human heart.

Hurtado DE1, Kuhl E.Author information 1a Department of Structural and Geotechnical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Group , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile.AbstractFor more than a century, electrophysiologists, cardiologists and engineers have studied the electrical activity of the human heart to better understand rhythm disorders and possible treatment options. Although the depolarisation sequence of the heart is relatively well characterised, the repolarisation sequence remains a subject of great controversy. Here, we study regional and temporal variations in both depolarisation and repolarisation using a finite element approach. We discretise the governing equations in time using an unconditionally stable implicit Euler backward scheme and in space using a consistently linearised Newton-Raphson-based finite element solver. Through systematic parameter-sensitivity studies, we establish a direct relation between a normal positive T-wave and the non-uniform distribution of the controlling parameter, which we have termed refractoriness. To establish a healthy baseline model, we calibrate the refractoriness using clinically measured action potential durations at different locations in the human heart. We demonstrate the potential of our model by comparing the computationally predicted and clinically measured depolarisation and repolarisation profiles across the left ventricle. The proposed framework allows us to explore how local action potential durations on the microscopic scale translate into global repolarisation sequences on the macroscopic scale. We anticipate that our calibrated human heart model can be widely used to explore cardiac excitation in health and disease. For example, our model can serve to identify optimal pacing sites in patients with heart failure and to localise optimal ablation sites in patients with cardiac fibrillation.
Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering.Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin.2014 Jul;17(9):986-96. doi: 10.1080/10255842.2012.729582. Epub 2012 Oct 31.
For more than a century, electrophysiologists, cardiologists and engineers have studied the electrical activity of the human heart to better understand rhythm disorders and possible treatment options. Although the depolarisation sequence of the heart is relatively well characterised, the repolarisat
PMID 23113842

miR-195 regulates SIRT1-mediated changes in diabetic retinopathy.

Mortuza R1, Feng B, Chakrabarti S.Author information 1Department of Pathology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, DSB - 4033, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5C1.AbstractAIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Endothelial cell (EC) damage is a key mechanism causing retinal microvascular injury in diabetes. Several microRNAs (miRNAs) have been found to regulate sirtuin 1 (SIRT1, which is involved in regulation of the cell cycle, survival and metabolism) in various tissues and disease states, but no studies have been conducted on the role of miRNA in regulation of SIRT1 in diabetic retinopathy. Here we investigated the effect of miRNA-195 (miR-195), a SIRT1-targeting miRNA, on the development of diabetes-induced changes in ECs and retina.
Diabetologia.Diabetologia.2014 May;57(5):1037-46. doi: 10.1007/s00125-014-3197-9. Epub 2014 Feb 26.
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Endothelial cell (EC) damage is a key mechanism causing retinal microvascular injury in diabetes. Several microRNAs (miRNAs) have been found to regulate sirtuin 1 (SIRT1, which is involved in regulation of the cell cycle, survival and metabolism) in various tissues and disease state
PMID 24570140

Japanese Journal

Gene expression and genetic mapping analyses of a perennial ryegrass glycine-rich RNA-binding protein gene suggest a role in cold adaptation

Shinozuka H,Hisano H,Yoneyama S,Shimamoto Y,Jones ES,Forster JW,Yamada T,Kanazawa Akira
MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS 275(4), 399-408, 2006-04
… The LpGRP1 protein was found to localise in the nucleus in onion epidermal cells, suggesting that it may be involved in pre-mRNA processing. …
NAID 120000962672

Response to Invasion by Antigens and Effects of Threshold in an Immune Network Dynamical System Model with a Small Number of Degrees of Freedom

ITAYA Satoko,UEZU Tatsuya
Progress of theoretical physics 107(4), 827-832, 2002-04-25
… Also, the propagation of a disturbance caused by an antigen is investigated in a system of one-dimensionally connected basic units, taking the closed 3-clone system as a unit, and it is found that the threshold of the system has the effect of enhancing the stability of the network and to localise the immune response. …
NAID 110001207593