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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/05/02 00:05:57」(JST)
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In biochemistry, a hydrolase /ˈhaɪdrəleɪz/ is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a chemical bond. For example, an enzyme that catalyzed the following reaction is a hydrolase:
- A–B + H2O → A–OH + B–H
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Contents
- 1 Nomenclature
- 2 Classification
- 3 References
- 4 See also
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Nomenclature
Systematic names of hydrolases are formed as "substrate hydrolase." However, common names are typically in the form "substratease." For example, a nuclease is a hydrolase that cleaves nucleic acids.
Classification
Hydrolases are classified as EC 3 in the EC number classification of enzymes. Hydrolases can be further classified into several subclasses, based upon the bonds they act upon:
- EC 3.1: ester bonds (esterases: nucleases, phosphodiesterases, lipase, phosphatase)
- EC 3.2: sugars (DNA glycosylases, glycoside hydrolase)
- EC 3.3: ether bonds
- EC 3.4: peptide bonds (Proteases/peptidases)
- EC 3.5: carbon-nitrogen bonds, other than peptide bonds
- EC 3.6 acid anhydrides (acid anhydride hydrolases, including helicases and GTPase)
- EC 3.7 carbon-carbon bonds
- EC 3.8 halide bonds
- EC 3.9: phosphorus-nitrogen bonds
- EC 3.10: sulphur-nitrogen bonds
- EC 3.11: carbon-phosphorus bonds
- EC 3.12: sulfur-sulfur bonds
- EC 3.13: carbon-sulfur bonds
References
- EC 3 Introduction from the Department of Chemistry at Queen Mary, University of London, only covers 3.1-3.4
- More detailed taxonomy
See also
- Phosphorylase
- Serine hydrolase
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Proteins: enzymes
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| Topics |
- Active site
- Allosteric regulation
- Binding site
- Catalytically perfect enzyme
- Coenzyme
- Cofactor
- Cooperativity
- EC number
- Enzyme catalysis
- Enzyme inhibitor
- Enzyme kinetics
- Lineweaver–Burk plot
- Michaelis–Menten kinetics
- Enzyme promiscuity
- List of enzymes
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| Types |
- EC1 Oxidoreductases/list
- EC2 Transferases/list
- EC3 Hydrolases/list
- EC4 Lyases/list
- EC5 Isomerases/list
- EC6 Ligases/list
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- B
- enzm
- 1.1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 10
- 11
- 13
- 14
- 15-18
- 2.1
- 2.7.10
- 2.7.11-12
- 3.1
- 4.1
- 5.1
- 6.1-3
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Hydrolase: esterases (EC 3.1)
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| 3.1.1: Carboxylic ester hydrolases |
- Cholinesterase
- Acetylcholinesterase
- Butyrylcholinesterase
- Pectinesterase
- 6-phosphogluconolactonase
- PAF acetylhydrolase
- Lipase
- Bile salt-dependent
- Gastric/Lingual
- Pancreatic
- Lysosomal
- Hormone-sensitive
- Endothelial
- Hepatic
- Lipoprotein
- Monoacylglycerol
- Diacylglycerol
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| 3.1.2: Thioesterase |
- Palmitoyl protein thioesterase
- Ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1
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| 3.1.3: Phosphatase |
- Alkaline phosphatase
- Acid phosphatase (Prostatic)/Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase/Purple acid phosphatases
- Nucleotidase
- Glucose 6-phosphatase
- Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase
- Phosphoprotein phosphatase
- OCRL
- Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase
- Fructose 6-P,2-kinase:fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase
- PTEN
- Phytase
- Inositol-phosphate phosphatase
- Phosphoprotein phosphatase: Protein tyrosine phosphatase
- Protein serine/threonine phosphatase
- Dual-specificity phosphatase
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| 3.1.4: Phosphodiesterase |
- Autotaxin
- Phospholipase
- Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase
- PDE1
- PDE2
- PDE3
- PDE4A/PDE4B
- PDE5
- Lecithinase (Clostridium perfringens alpha toxin)
- Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase
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| 3.1.6: Sulfatase |
- arylsulfatase
- Arylsulfatase A
- Arylsulfatase B
- Arylsulfatase E
- Steroid sulfatase
- Galactosamine-6 sulfatase
- Iduronate-2-sulfatase
- N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase
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Nuclease (includes
deoxyribonuclease and
ribonuclease) |
| 3.1.11-16: Exonuclease |
| Exodeoxyribonuclease |
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| Exoribonuclease |
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| 3.1.21-31: Endonuclease |
| Endodeoxyribonuclease |
- Deoxyribonuclease I
- Deoxyribonuclease II
- Deoxyribonuclease IV
- Restriction enzyme
- UvrABC endonuclease
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| Endoribonuclease |
- RNase III
- RNase H
- RNase P
- RNase A
- RNase T1
- RNA-induced silencing complex
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| either deoxy- or ribo- |
- Aspergillus nuclease S1
- Micrococcal nuclease
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- B
- enzm
- 1.1
- 2
- 3
- 4
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- 8
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- 11
- 13
- 14
- 15-18
- 2.1
- 2.7.10
- 2.7.11-12
- 3.1
- 4.1
- 5.1
- 6.1-3
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Hydrolase: sugar hydrolases (EC 3.2)
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| 3.2.1: Glycoside hydrolases |
| Disaccharidase |
- Sucrase/Sucrase-isomaltase/Invertase
- Maltase
- Trehalase
- Lactase
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| Glucosidases |
- Cellulase
- Alpha-glucosidase
- Acid
- Neutral AB
- Neutral C
- Beta-glucosidase
- Debranching enzyme
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| Other |
- Amylase
- Chitinase
- Lysozyme
- Neuraminidase
- NEU1
- NEU2
- NEU3
- NEU4
- Bacterial neuraminidase
- Viral neuraminidase
- Galactosidases
- alpha-Mannosidase
- Glucuronidase
- Hyaluronidase
- Pullulanase
- Glucosylceramidase
- Galactosylceramidase
- Alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase
- Alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase
- Fucosidase
- Hexosaminidase
- Iduronidase
- Maltase-glucoamylase
- Heparanase
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3.2.2: Hydrolysing
N-Glycosyl compounds |
- DNA glycosylases: Oxoguanine glycosylase
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- B
- enzm
- 1.1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 10
- 11
- 13
- 14
- 15-18
- 2.1
- 2.7.10
- 2.7.11-12
- 3.1
- 4.1
- 5.1
- 6.1-3
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Hydrolases: ether bond (EC 3.3)
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| 3.3.1 |
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| 3.3.2 |
- Epoxide hydrolase
- Leukotriene-A4 hydrolase
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- B
- enzm
- 1.1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 10
- 11
- 13
- 14
- 15-18
- 2.1
- 2.7.10
- 2.7.11-12
- 3.1
- 4.1
- 5.1
- 6.1-3
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Hydrolase: proteases (EC 3.4)
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| 3.4.11-19: Exopeptidase |
| 3.4.11 |
- Aminopeptidase
- Alanine
- Arginyl
- Aspartyl
- Cystinyl
- Leucyl
- Glutamyl
- Methionyl
- O
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| 3.4.13 |
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| 3.4.14 |
- Dipeptidyl peptidase
- Cathepsin C
- Dipeptidyl peptidase-4
- Tripeptidyl peptidase
- Tripeptidyl peptidase I
- Tripeptidyl peptidase II
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| 3.4.15 |
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme
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| 3.4.16 |
- Serine type carboxypeptidases: Cathepsin A
- DD-transpeptidase
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| 3.4.17 |
- Metallocarboxypeptidases: Carboxypeptidase
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| Other/ungrouped |
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| 3.4.21-24: Endopeptidase |
- Serine proteases
- Cysteine protease
- Aspartic acid protease
- Metalloendopeptidases
- Other/ungrouped: Amyloid precursor protein secretase
- Alpha secretase
- Beta-secretase 1
- Beta-secretase 2
- Gamma secretase
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| 3.4.99: Unknown |
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- B
- enzm
- 1.1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 10
- 11
- 13
- 14
- 15-18
- 2.1
- 2.7.10
- 2.7.11-12
- 3.1
- 4.1
- 5.1
- 6.1-3
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Hydrolases: carbon-nitrogen non-peptide (EC 3.5)
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3.5.1: Linear amides /
Amidohydrolases |
- Asparaginase
- Glutaminase
- Urease
- Biotinidase
- Aspartoacylase
- Ceramidase
- Aspartylglucosaminidase
- Fatty acid amide hydrolase
- Histone deacetylase
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3.5.2: Cyclic amides/
Amidohydrolases |
- Barbiturase
- Beta-lactamase
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3.5.3: Linear amidines/
Ureohydrolases |
- Arginase
- Agmatinase
- Protein-arginine deiminase
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3.5.4: Cyclic amidines/
Aminohydrolases |
- Guanine deaminase
- Adenosine deaminase
- AMP deaminase
- Inosine monophosphate synthase
- DCMP deaminase
- GTP cyclohydrolase I
- Cytidine deaminase
- AICDA
- Activation-Induced (Cytidine) Deaminase
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3.5.5: Nitriles/
Aminohydrolases |
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| 3.5.99: Other |
- Riboflavinase
- Thiaminase II
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- B
- enzm
- 1.1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 10
- 11
- 13
- 14
- 15-18
- 2.1
- 2.7.10
- 2.7.11-12
- 3.1
- 4.1
- 5.1
- 6.1-3
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Hydrolases: acid anhydride hydrolases (EC 3.6)
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| 3.6.1 |
- Pyrophosphatase
- Apyrase
- Thiamine-triphosphatase
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| 3.6.2 |
- Adenylylsulfatase
- Phosphoadenylylsulfatase
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| 3.6.3-4: ATPase |
| 3.6.3 |
| Cu++ (3.6.3.4) |
- Menkes/ATP7A
- Wilson/ATP7B
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| Ca+ (3.6.3.8) |
- SERCA
- Plasma membrane
- ATP2B1
- ATP2B2
- ATP2B3
- ATP2B4
- SPCA
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| Na+/K+ (3.6.3.9) |
- ATP1A1
- ATP1A2
- ATP1A3
- ATP1A4
- ATP1B1
- ATP1B2
- ATP1B3
- ATP1B4
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| H+/K+ (3.6.3.10) |
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| Other P-type ATPase |
- ATP8B1
- ATP10A
- ATP11B
- ATP12A
- ATP13A2
- ATP13A3
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| 3.6.4 |
- Dynein
- Kinesin
- Myosin
- Katanin
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| 3.6.5: GTPase |
| 3.6.5.1: Heterotrimeric G protein |
- Gαs
- Gαi
- Gαq/11
- Gα12/13
- Transducin
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| 3.6.5.2: Small GTPase > Ras superfamily |
- Rho family of GTPases: Cdc42
- RhoUV
- Rac
- RhoBTB
- RhoH
- Rho
- Rnd
- RhoDF
- other: Ras
- Rab
- Arf
- Ran
- Rheb
- Rap
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| 3.6.5.3: Protein-synthesizing GTPase |
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| 3.6.5.5-6: Polymerization motors |
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- B
- enzm
- 1.1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 10
- 11
- 13
- 14
- 15-18
- 2.1
- 2.7.10
- 2.7.11-12
- 3.1
- 4.1
- 5.1
- 6.1-3
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Hydrolases: carbon-carbon (EC 3.7)
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| 3.7.1 |
- Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase
- Kynureninase
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- B
- enzm
- 1.1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 10
- 11
- 13
- 14
- 15-18
- 2.1
- 2.7.10
- 2.7.11-12
- 3.1
- 4.1
- 5.1
- 6.1-3
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Application of Enzymes in the Production of RTD Black Tea Beverages: A Review.
- Kumar CS, Subramanian R, Rao LJ.Sourcea Department of Food Engineering , Central Food Technological Research Institute, CSIR , Mysore , 570 020 , India.
- Critical reviews in food science and nutrition.Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr.2013;53(2):180-97. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2010.520098.
- Ready-to-drink (RTD) tea is a popular beverage in many countries. Instability due to development of haze and formation of tea cream is the common problem faced in the production of RTD black tea beverages. Thus decreaming is an important step in the process to meet the cold stability requirements of
- PMID 23072532
- Crystal structure of a lactosucrose-producing enzyme, Arthrobacter sp. K-1 β-fructofuranosidase.
- Tonozuka T, Tamaki A, Yokoi G, Miyazaki T, Ichikawa M, Nishikawa A, Ohta Y, Hidaka Y, Katayama K, Hatada Y, Ito T, Fujita K.SourceDepartment of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 186-0001, Japan. Electronic address: tonozuka@cc.tuat.ac.jp.
- Enzyme and microbial technology.Enzyme Microb Technol.2012 Dec 10;51(6-7):359-65. doi: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2012.08.004. Epub 2012 Aug 16.
- Arthrobacter sp. K-1 β-fructofuranosidase (ArFFase), a glycoside hydrolase family 68 enzyme, catalyzes the hydrolysis and transfructosylation of sucrose. ArFFase is useful for producing a sweetener, lactosucrose (4(G)-β-d-galactosylsucrose). The primary structure of ArFFase is homologous to those
- PMID 23040392
Japanese Journal
- Pholiota microspora由来PnGlu1(糖質加水分解酵素ファミリー15)遺伝子の二核菌糸体および子実体中での高発現
- Amino Acids in Conserved Region ？ Are Crucial to Substrate Specificity, Reaction Velocity, and Regioselectivity in the Transglucosylation of Honeybee GH-13 α-Glucosidases
- NGIWSARA Lukana,IWAI Gaku,TAGAMI Takayoshi [他]
- Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 76(10), 1967-1974, 2012-10
- NAID 40019462360
Related Links
- hydrolase any one of a class of more than 200 enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of several types of compounds. Esterases include lipases, which break ester bonds (between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol) in lipids, and ...
- Glycoside hydrolases are classified into EC 3.2.1 as enzymes catalyzing the hydrolysis of O- or S-glycosides. Glycoside hydrolases can also be classified according to the stereochemical outcome of the hydrolysis reaction: thus ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- bleomycin, BLM
- ラ
- bleomycinum
- 化
- 塩酸ブレオマイシン bleomycin hydrochloride、硫酸ブレオマイシン bleomycin sulfate
- 商
- Blenoxane、ブレオ Bleo
- 関
- 抗腫瘍性抗生物質製剤
- first aid step1 2006 p.207,307,308,309
特徴
構造
作用機序
- induces formation of free radicals, which cause breaks in DNA strands
- Fe2+を結合し、O2に電子を与えてhydrogen radicalを作り、1本鎖DNA、2本鎖DNAを切断
- G2期特異的。細胞周期非特異的？
薬理作用
- 扁平上皮癌に強い作用
- ブレオマイシンはhydrolaseにより分解されるが、この酵素は皮膚と肺で少ない → 作用スペクトルや副作用に関係
動態
適応
注意
禁忌
副作用
- 骨髄抑制がほとんど無い！
- 肝、骨髄などで速やかに不活性化される → 造血器官、肝、腎障害：少 急性毒性：極低
[★]
- 英
- enzyme, ferment
- 関
- 酵素反応
酵素の分類
- (a)酸化還元酵素(oxydoreductase) EC1:ある物質を酸化したり､還元したりします。脱水素酵素､ペルオキシダーゼなどを含みます。
- (b)転移酵素(transferase) EC2: アミノ基やリン酸基などをある物質から別の物質に転移する酵素です。アミノ基を転移する酵素はアミノトランスフェラーゼと呼ばれます。
- (c)加水分解酵素(hydrolase) EC3:ある物質(基質)に水(H2OのうちHとOH)を加えることにより､2つに分解します。多くの蛋白分解酵素が含まれます。
- (d)リアーゼ(lyase) EC4:ある物質を2つに分解します。
- (e)イソメラーゼ(isomerase) EC5:ある基質を異性体に変換します。
- (f)リガーゼ(ligase) EC6;ATPのエネルギーを使って2つの物質を結合します。
[★]
- 英
- hydrolase
- 同
- ヒドロラーゼ、水解酵素 hydrolyte enzyme
- 関
- 酸性ヒドロラーゼ、酵素
[show details]
[★]
ユビキチンC末端加水分解酵素、ユビキチンC末端ヒドロラーゼ
- 関
- ubiquitin thiolesterase
[★]
イノシトール-1
- 関
- glycerophosphoinositol inositolphosphodiesterase
[★]
γグルタミルヒドロラーゼ
- 関
- conjugase
[★]
GTPシクロヒドロラーゼI遺伝子変異
[★]
エポキシドヒドロラーゼ
[★]