関: synthetase

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/10/24 23:40:23」(JST)

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In biochemistry, a ligase is an enzyme that can catalyze the joining of two large molecules by forming a new chemical bond, usually with accompanying hydrolysis of a small pendant chemical group on one of the larger molecules or the enzyme catalyzing the linking together of two compounds, e.g., enzymes that catalyze joining of C-O, C-S, C-N, etc. In general, a ligase catalyzes the following reaction:

Ab + C → A–C + b

or sometimes

Ab + cD → A–D + b + c + d + e + f

where the lowercase letters signify the small, dependent groups. Ligase can join two complementary fragments of nucleic acid and repair single stranded breaks that arise in double stranded DNA during replication.

Nomenclature

The common names of ligases often include the word "ligase", such as DNA ligase, an enzyme commonly used in molecular biology laboratories to join together DNA fragments. Other common names for ligases include the word "synthetase", because they are used to synthesize new molecules.

Biochemical nomenclature has sometimes distinguished synthetases from synthases and sometimes treated the words as synonymous. Under one definition, synthases do not use energy from nucleoside triphosphates (such as ATP, GTP, CTP, TTP, and UTP), whereas synthetases do use nucleoside triphosphates. It is also said that a synthase is a lyase (a lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breaking of various chemical bonds by means other than hydrolysis and oxidation, often forming a new double bond or a new ring structure) and does not require any energy, whereas a synthetase is a ligase (a ligase is an enzyme that binds two chemicals or compounds) and thus requires energy. However, the Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (JCBN) dictates that "synthase" can be used with any enzyme that catalyses synthesis (whether or not it uses nucleoside triphosphates), whereas "synthetase" is to be used synonymously.^[1]

Classification

Ligases are classified as EC 6 in the EC number classification of enzymes. Ligases can be further classified into six subclasses:

EC 6.1 includes ligases used to form carbon-oxygen bonds
EC 6.2 includes ligases used to form carbon-sulfur bonds
EC 6.3 includes ligases used to form carbon-nitrogen bonds (including argininosuccinate synthetase)
EC 6.4 includes ligases used to form carbon-carbon bonds
EC 6.5 includes ligases used to form phosphoric ester bonds
EC 6.6 includes ligases used to form nitrogen-metal bonds

Etymology and pronunciation

The word ligase uses combining forms of lig- (from the Latin verb ligāre, "to bind" or "to tie together") + -ase (denoting an enzyme), yielding "binding enzyme".

References

^ "Synthases and ligases". chem.qmul.ac.uk. Retrieved July 28, 2013.

EC 6 Introduction from the Department of Chemistry at Queen Mary, University of London

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Atrogin-1, an E3 ligase present in skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle, down-regulates myocardin protein during skeletal muscle differentiation. Myocardin, the master regulator of smooth muscle cell (SMC) differentiation, induces expression of smooth muscle marker genes through its association with
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Aberrant chromosal rearrangements, such as the multiple variants of TMPRSS2:ERG fusion gene mutations in prostate cancer (PCa), are promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers due to their specific expression in cancerous tissue only. Additionally, TMPRSS2:ERG variants are detectable in urine to
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Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「酵素」「synthetase」「連結酵素」「リガーゼ」
拡張検索	「tryptophan-tRNA ligase」「cysteine-tRNA ligase」「tyrosine-tRNA ligase」「tRNA ligase」

「酵素」

　　[★]

英: enzyme, ferment
関: 酵素反応

酵素の分類

(a)酸化還元酵素(oxydoreductase) EC1:ある物質を酸化したり､還元したりします。脱水素酵素､ペルオキシダーゼなどを含みます。
(b)転移酵素(transferase) EC2: アミノ基やリン酸基などをある物質から別の物質に転移する酵素です。アミノ基を転移する酵素はアミノトランスフェラーゼと呼ばれます。
(c)加水分解酵素(hydrolase) EC3:ある物質(基質)に水(H2OのうちHとOH)を加えることにより､2つに分解します。多くの蛋白分解酵素が含まれます。
(d)リアーゼ(lyase) EC4:ある物質を2つに分解します。
(e)イソメラーゼ(isomerase) EC5:ある基質を異性体に変換します。
(f)リガーゼ(ligase) EC6;ATPのエネルギーを使って2つの物質を結合します。

「synthetase」

　　[★]

n.

(ATPやNADを必要とする2分子連結酵素リガーゼの別名)シンテターゼ、シンセターゼ、連結酵素、合成酵素

関: ligase、synthase

「連結酵素」

　　[★]

英: ligase、synthetase
関: 合成酵素、リガーゼ、シンテターゼ、シンセターゼ

「リガーゼ」

　　[★]

英: ligase
関: 連結酵素

「tryptophan-tRNA ligase」

　　[★]

トリプトファンtRNAリガーゼ

関: tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase

「cysteine-tRNA ligase」

　　[★]

システインtRNAリガーゼ

関: cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase

「tyrosine-tRNA ligase」

　　[★]

チロシンtRNAリガーゼ

関: tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase

「tRNA ligase」

　　[★]

tRNAリガーゼ

関: RNA ligase

[1] "Synthases and ligases". chem.qmul.ac.uk. Retrieved July 28, 2013.

v t e Enzymes

Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Catalytically perfect enzyme Coenzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis Enzyme kinetics Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics

Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor

Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes

Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases(list) EC2 Transferases(list) EC3 Hydrolases(list) EC4 Lyases(list) EC5 Isomerases(list) EC6 Ligases(list)

v t e Enzymes: CO CS and CN ligases (EC 6.1-6.3)

6.1: Carbon-Oxygen	Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase Alanine Arginine Asparagine Aspartate Cysteine D-alanine—poly(phosphoribitol) ligase Glutamate Glutamine Glycine Histidine Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Methionine Phenylalanine Proline Serine Threonine Tryptophan Tyrosine Valine

6.2: Carbon-Sulfur	Succinyl coenzyme A synthetase Acetyl—CoA synthetase Long-chain-fatty-acid—CoA ligase

6.3: Carbon-Nitrogen	Glutamine synthetase Ubiquitin ligase Cullin Von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor UBE3A Mdm2 Anaphase-promoting complex UBR1 Glutathione synthetase CTP synthetase Adenylosuccinate synthase Argininosuccinate synthase Holocarboxylase synthetase GMP synthase Asparagine synthetase Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I II Glutamate–cysteine ligase

v t e Ligases: carbon-carbon ligases (EC 6.4)

Biotin dependent carboxylation	Pyruvate carboxylase Acetyl-CoA carboxylase Propionyl-CoA carboxylase Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase

Other	Polyketide synthase

v t e Enzymes: Phosphoric ester and nitrogen-metal ligases (EC 6.5-6.6)

6.5: Phosphoric Ester	DNA ligase

6.6: Nitrogen-Metal	Magnesium chelatase Cobalt chelatase

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案内

ligase