WordNet

with pain or distress or bitterness; "he took the rejection very hard"
(of light) transmitted directly from a pointed light source (同)concentrated
with firmness; "held hard to the railing" (同)firmly
very strong or vigorous; "strong winds"; "a hard left to the chin"; "a knockout punch"; "a severe blow" (同)knockout, severe
causing great damage or hardship; "industries hit hard by the depression"; "she was severely affected by the banks failure" (同)severely
being distilled rather than fermented; having a high alcoholic content; "hard liquor" (同)strong
unfortunate or hard to bear; "had hard luck"; "a tough break" (同)tough
(of speech sounds); produced with the back of the tongue raised toward or touching the velum; "Russian distinguished between hard consonants and palatalized or soft consonants"
dispassionate; "took a hard look"; "a hard bargainer";
dried out; "hard dry rolls left over from the day before"
earnestly or intently; "thought hard about it"; "stared hard at the accused"
into a solid condition; "concrete that sets hard within a few hours"
resisting weight or pressure
slowly and with difficulty; "prejudices die hard"
to the full extent possible; all the way; "hard alee"; "the ship went hard astern"; "swung the wheel hard left"
very near or close in space or time; "it stands hard by the railroad tracks"; "they were hard on his heels"; "a strike followed hard upon the plants opening"
with effort or force or vigor; "the team played hard"; "worked hard all day"; "pressed hard on the lever"; "hit the ball hard"; "slammed the door hard"
enclose in a capsule (同)capsulate, capsulize, capsulise
a dry dehiscent seed vessel or the spore-containing structure of e.g. mosses
a pill in the form of a small rounded gelatinous container with medicine inside
a small container
a structure that encloses a body part

PrepTutorEJDIC

(物体が)『堅い』,(手触りが)堅固な,しっかりした / 『難しい』,努力を要する / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》(人が)『精力的な』,勤勉な / 激しい,猛烈な / (生活などが)耐え難い,つらい / (季節・天候などが)厳しい;(雨・風などが)激しい / (人が)厳格な;(行為などが)容赦しない,無情な / (方針・条件などが)妥協(譲歩)しない,厳しい / (感情が)うらみを含む,憤然とした / (体が)筋肉質の,がんじょうな / (紙幣に対して)硬貨の,(小切手などに対して)現金の;(貨幣が)容易に兌換(だかん)できる / (子音が)硬音の(c,gがcome, goのように[k],[g]と発音される) / アルコール分の多い / (水が)硬質の / (エックス線が)透過能力が大きい / 一生懸命に,『熱心に』 / 『強く』,激しく,大いに / やっと,かろうじて / 『堅く』 / ひどく悲んで / 接近して
小容器;(薬の)カプセル / (植物の)さく / (生物体の)被のう,被膜 / (宇宙ロケットの)カプセル / 小型の;簡約した
おや,はああ,ああ(驚き・喜び・疑い・ためらいなどを表す声)
hectare; hectares

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. ワイヤレスカプセル内視鏡検査 wireless video capsule endoscopy
2. 小児または思春期のアスリートにおける肘関節損傷 elbow injuries in the child or adolescent athlete
3. 妊娠時の抗レトロウイルス剤：プロテアーゼ阻害剤 antiretroviral medications in pregnancy protease inhibitors
4. 後天性上顎および硬口蓋欠損のマネージメント management of acquired maxillary and hard palate defects
5. 早期（ステージIおよびII）の頭頸部癌の治療：口腔 treatment of early stage i and ii head and neck cancer the oral cavity

English Journal

Pill Properties that Cause Dysphagia and Treatment Failure.

Fields J1, Go JT2, Schulze KS3.
Current therapeutic research, clinical and experimental.Curr Ther Res Clin Exp.2015 Aug 20;77:79-82. doi: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2015.08.002. eCollection 2015.
BACKGROUND: Pills (tablets and capsules) are widely used to administer prescription drugs or to take supplements such as vitamins. Unfortunately, little is known about how much effort it takes Americans to swallow these various pills. More specifically, it is not known to what extent hard-to-swallow
PMID 26543509

Formulation of a modified-release pregabalin tablet using hot-melt coating with glyceryl behenate.

Jeong KH1, Woo HS1, Kim CJ1, Lee KH1, Jeon JY2, Lee SY2, Kang JH2, Lee S3, Choi YW4.
International journal of pharmaceutics.Int J Pharm.2015 Nov 10;495(1):1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.08.057. Epub 2015 Aug 24.
A modified-release (MR) tablet of the anti-anxiety drug pregabalin (PRE) was prepared by hot-melt coating PRE with glyceryl behenate (GB) as a release retardant and compressing to form a matrix with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) as a hydrophilic diluent. GB-coated PRE had a size in the range of 1
PMID 26315121

Effects of κ-carrageenan on rheological properties of dually modified sago starch: Towards finding gelatin alternative for hard capsules.

Fakharian MH1, Tamimi N1, Abbaspour H2, Mohammadi Nafchi A3, Karim AA4.
Carbohydrate polymers.Carbohydr Polym.2015 Nov 5;132:156-63. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.06.033. Epub 2015 Jun 19.
Composite sago starch-based system was developed and characterized with the aim to find an alternative to gelatin in the processing of pharmaceutical capsules. Dually modified (Hydrolyzed-Hydroxypropylated) sago starches were combined with κ-carrageenan (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1%). The rheological pr
PMID 26256336

Japanese Journal

頰部軟組織内に大きな結石様石灰化物の形成をきたした1例

谷和俊,西村泰一,藤盛真樹 [他],岡田益彦,松本章,松田光悦
日本口腔外科学会雑誌 = Japanese journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery 59(4), 265-269, 2013-04
… She was referred to our hospital by a dental clinic becaese of a hard mass in the right buccal mucosa. … Extirpation of the calculus and its capsule was performed through an intraoral approach with the patient under general anesthesia. …
NAID 120005229914

激しい訓練後に著明な肩下方不安定性を生じた自衛官の１例

入江徹,三好直樹,研谷智,伊藤浩
肩関節 36(3), 1119-1122, 2012
… We experienced a rare case of inferior shoulder instability caused by military training.<BR>A 22 year-old man, the Japanese Self-Defense Forces personnel, received repetitive and hard military training in May, 2007. … MRI arthrography of his left shoulder revealed abnormalities of superior labrum and anterior capsule. …
NAID 130002103527

急性腹症として発症した腸間膜脂肪芽腫の1例

高野周一,高屋誠吾,畑田智子 [他],清水法男
日本小児外科学会雑誌 47(7), 1043-1047, 2011-12-20
症例は2歳10か月の女児.突然の腹痛と嘔吐を主訴に当院を紹介受診した.腹部に軽い膨隆はあるが腫瘤は触知し得ず,腹膜刺激徴候はなかった.血液検査異常は白血球の軽度上昇のみだった.単純X線写真で腸管の圧排像を認め,腹部エコーでは境界明瞭,内部均一で薄い被膜と隔壁を伴う13cm大の巨大腫瘤を認めた.造影CTでは被膜に淡い造影効果を認めた.MRIではT1強調画像,T2強調画像ともに高信号で,脂肪抑制条件で …
NAID 110008896726