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small room in which a monk or nun lives (同)cubicle
a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction (同)electric cell
a room where a prisoner is kept (同)jail cell, prison cell
(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
any small compartment; "the cells of a honeycomb"
a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement (同)cadre

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(刑務所の)『独房』;(修道院の)小さい独居室 / (ミツバチの)みつ房,巣穴 / 小さい部屋 / 『細胞』 / 電池 / 花粉室 / (共産党などの)細胞

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/10/30 16:51:25」(JST)

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A granulosa cell or follicular cell is a somatic cell of the sex cord that is closely associated with the developing female gamete (called an oocyte or egg) in the ovary of mammals.

Anatomy and function[edit]

In the primary ovarian follicle, and later in follicle development (folliculogenesis), granulosa cells advance to form a multilayered cumulus oophorus surrounding the oocyte in the preovulatory or antral (or Graafian) follicle.

The major functions of granulosa cells include the production of sex steroids, as well as myriad growth factors thought to interact with the oocyte during its development. The sex steroid production consists of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulating granulosa cells to convert androgens (coming from the thecal cells) to estradiol by aromatase during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle.^[1] However, after ovulation the granulosa cells turn into granulosa lutein cells that produce progesterone. The progesterone may maintain a potential pregnancy and causes production of a thick cervical mucus that inhibits sperm entry into the uterus.

Embryology of ovarian granulosa cells[edit]

In the development of the urinary and reproductive organs, the oogonia become invaginated in the gonadal ridge.

The embryological origin of granulosa cells remains controversial. In the 1970s, evidence emerged that the first cells to make contact with the oogonia were of mesonephric origin. It was suggested that mesonephric cells already closely associated with the oogonia proliferated throughout development to form the granulosa cell layer.^[2]^[3]^[4] Recently, this hypothesis has been challenged with some thorough histology. Sawyer et al. hypothesized that in sheep most of the granulosa cells develop from cells of the mesothelium (i.e., epithelial cells from the presumptive surface epithelium of the ovary).^[5]

Cell culture[edit]

Cell culture of granulosa cells can be performed in vitro. Plating density (number of cells per volume of culture medium) plays a critical role for the differentiation. A lower plating density makes granulosa cells exhibit estrogen production, while a higher plating density makes them appear as progesterone producing theca lutein cells.^[6]

Additional images[edit]

Oocyte granulosa cells

References[edit]

^ Garzo, V. G.; Dorrington, J. H. (1984). "Aromatase activity in human granulosa cells during follicular development and the modulation by follicle-stimulating hormone and insulin". American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 148 (5): 657–662. PMID 6422764. edit
^ Satoh M (1991). "Histogenesis and organogenesis of the gonad in human embryos". J Anat 177: 85–107. PMC 1260417. PMID 1769902.
^ Upadhyay S, Zamboni L (1982). "Preliminary observations on the role of the mesonephros in the development of the adrenal cortex". Anat Rec 202 (1): 105–111. doi:10.1002/ar.1092020112. PMID 7059014.
^ Zamboni, L., Bezard, J., and Mauleon, P. (1979). The role of the mesonephros in the development of the sheep fetal ovary. Annales de Biologie Animal Biochimie et Biophysique 19, 1153-78.
^ Sawyer H, Smith P, Heath D, Juengel J, Wakefield S, McNatty K (2002). "Formation of ovarian follicles during fetal development in sheep". Biol Reprod 66 (4): 1134–50. doi:10.1095/biolreprod66.4.1134. PMID 11906935.
^ Portela VM, Zamberlam G, Price CA (April 2010). "Cell plating density alters the ratio of estrogenic to progestagenic enzyme gene expression in cultured granulosa cells". Fertil. Steril. 93 (6): 2050–5. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.01.151. PMID 19324349.

External links[edit]

BU Histology Learning System: 18404loa - "Female Reproductive System: ovary, cumulus oophorus"
BU Histology Learning System: 14808loa - "Female Reproductive System: ovary, membrana granulosa"
Granulosa Cells at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

This cell biology article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 卵巣の性索間質腫瘍：顆粒膜-間質細胞腫瘍 sex cord stromal tumors of the ovary granulosa stromal cell tumors
2. 肺の大細胞神経内分泌癌 large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung
3. 卵巣の性索間質腫瘍の概要 overview of sex cord stromal tumors of the ovary
4. 自家造血幹細胞移植の適格性判定 determining eligibility for autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation
5. 同種造血細胞移植の適応判定 determining eligibility for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation

English Journal

A potential role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in development of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.

Takahashi N1, Harada M2, Hirota Y1, Zhao L3, Yoshino O4, Urata Y1, Izumi G1, Takamura M1, Hirata T1, Koga K1, Wada-Hiraike O1, Fujii T1, Osuga Y1.
Molecular and cellular endocrinology.Mol Cell Endocrinol.2016 Jun 15;428:161-9. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.03.032. Epub 2016 Mar 28.
Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) is crucial for ovarian angiogenesis, but its excess production induces ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). The aim of this study was to determine whether endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress regulates VEGFA expression in granulosa cells, and whether it
PMID 27032713

Differential activation of noncanonical SMAD2/SMAD3 signaling by bone morphogenetic proteins causes disproportionate induction of hyaluronan production in immortalized human granulosa cells.

Zhang H1, Tian S2, Klausen C3, Zhu H3, Liu R4, Leung PC5.
Molecular and cellular endocrinology.Mol Cell Endocrinol.2016 Jun 15;428:17-27. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.03.016. Epub 2016 Mar 16.
Successful fertilization depends upon proper cumulus-oocyte complex (COC) expansion. Synthesized by hyaluronan synthases (HASs), hyaluronan forms the backbone of the COC matrix and plays a critical role in COC expansion. This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of ovarian BMPs on HAS expre
PMID 26992562

Analysis of genes that influence sheep follicular development by different nutrition levels during the luteal phase using expression profiling.

Luo F1,2, Jia R1, Ying S1, Wang Z1, Wang F1,2.
Animal genetics.Anim Genet.2016 Jun;47(3):354-64. doi: 10.1111/age.12427. Epub 2016 Mar 11.
Nutrition is an important factor that regulates reproductive performance of sheep and affects follicle development. However, the correlation between nutrition and follicle development is poorly understood at the molecular level. To study its possible molecular mechanisms, we performed expression pro
PMID 26970339

Japanese Journal

Meigs症候群に類似する大量腹水貯留を伴った14歳女児の成人型卵巣顆粒膜細胞腫の1例

佐々木隆士,野瀬聡子,阪龍太,奥山宏臣,関保二
日本小児外科学会雑誌 48(2), 223-228, 2012-04-20
卵巣のまれな境界悪性腫瘍である顆粒膜細胞腫の1例を経験したので報告する.症例は14歳女児.偶然大量の腹水貯留を伴う6cm大の卵巣腫瘍を指摘されて紹介搬送された.画像検査上は明らかな他臓器浸潤や遠隔転移なく,有意な腫瘍マーカー上昇や内分泌症状も認めず,腹水穿刺細胞診も陰性であった.手術は下腹部小切開にて開腹,暗黄緑色腹水を約5.5l吸引して右付属器切除術を施行した.術後経過は良好で腹水の再貯留なく, …
NAID 110009437109

症例報告 Meigs症候群に類似する大量腹水貯留を伴った14歳女児の成人型卵巣顆粒膜細胞腫の1例

佐々木隆士,野瀬聡子,阪龍太 [他]
日本小児外科学会雑誌 48(2), 223-228, 2012-04
NAID 40019293254

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「顆粒膜細胞」「一次卵胞」「hypoestrogenism」
関連記事	「cell」「granulosa」

「顆粒膜細胞」

　　[★]

英: granulosa cell, granulosa cells
同: 顆粒層細胞
関: 卵胞、

[show details]

110708

顆粒層細胞 : 約 49,700 件
顆粒膜細胞 : 約 58,900 件

卵胞由来の細胞で、卵胞の外層に位置する。
原始卵胞から一次卵胞への発達はFSH非依存的に進行する。卵母細胞をおおう卵胞上皮(卵胞上皮細胞)は単層かつ扁平な状態から立方状に変化し、さらに多層化する。この状態の卵胞上皮細胞が顆粒層細胞と呼ばれる(HIS.395)。
卵母細胞から分泌されるアクチビンによって顆粒層細胞の増殖が促進される(HIS.395)

分子細胞学的な特徴=

FSHとLH受容体を有する。

機能

1. アンドロゲンからエストロゲンへの変換
2. (LHの作用により)排卵後に黄体に変化する

ホルモン

調節

多層一次卵胞の時にFSHを受容すると二次卵胞になる　←　FSHは卵胞発育促進作用があり、顆粒膜細胞に作用して三方の発育・分化・エストロゲン産生を促進する(QB.Q-212)

分泌

二次卵胞

顆粒層細胞はアロマターゼを有しており、内卵胞膜細胞により産生された男性ホルモンからエストロゲンを産生することができる。
インヒビン、フォリスタチン、アクチビンなどを分泌する。

「一次卵胞」

　　[★]

英: primary follicle (Z)
関: [[]]

原始卵胞の卵胞細胞が扁平細胞から立方細胞に変化したもの。さらに、増殖して顆粒層細胞(granulosa cell)を形成。

初期一次卵胞：扁平卵胞細胞が、立方卵胞細胞となる
成熟一次卵胞：単層の立方卵胞細胞(=顆粒層細胞)が重層の顆粒層細胞となる。

卵胞膜(卵胞細胞を取り囲む周囲の支質)と卵胞細胞の間は基底板によって隔てられている

卵胞膜は内卵胞膜と外卵胞膜に分化する。

定義

顆粒膜細胞に2層以上取り囲まれた卵胞

特徴

透明帯の形成

一次卵母細胞と卵胞細胞の間に形成される。

顆粒膜細胞が4層以下の卵胞はFSHと無関係に発育するが、これ以降の発育にはFSHが必要 (NGY.25)
4層の顆粒膜細胞を持つ卵胞では毛細血管が卵胞周囲の繊維娘細胞層を貫入して血管症を作り、内莢膜細胞を構成する。内莢膜細胞は卵および顆粒膜細胞の唯一の栄養源であり、外側は外莢膜細胞に囲まれている (NGY.25)

「hypoestrogenism」

　　[★] 低エストロゲン症

In the ovary, PRL blocks folliculogenesis and inhibits granulosa cell aromatase activity, leading to hypoestrogenism and anovulation.(HIM.2204)

「cell」

　　[★] 細胞　　　　　　　

「granulosa」

　　[★]

顆粒膜

関: granulosum

[1] Garzo, V. G.; Dorrington, J. H. (1984). "Aromatase activity in human granulosa cells during follicular development and the modulation by follicle-stimulating hormone and insulin". American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 148 (5): 657–662. PMID 6422764. edit

[2] Satoh M (1991). "Histogenesis and organogenesis of the gonad in human embryos". J Anat 177: 85–107. PMC 1260417. PMID 1769902.

[3] Upadhyay S, Zamboni L (1982). "Preliminary observations on the role of the mesonephros in the development of the adrenal cortex". Anat Rec 202 (1): 105–111. doi:10.1002/ar.1092020112. PMID 7059014.

[4] Zamboni, L., Bezard, J., and Mauleon, P. (1979). The role of the mesonephros in the development of the sheep fetal ovary. Annales de Biologie Animal Biochimie et Biophysique 19, 1153-78.

[5] Sawyer H, Smith P, Heath D, Juengel J, Wakefield S, McNatty K (2002). "Formation of ovarian follicles during fetal development in sheep". Biol Reprod 66 (4): 1134–50. doi:10.1095/biolreprod66.4.1134. PMID 11906935.

[6] Portela VM, Zamberlam G, Price CA (April 2010). "Cell plating density alters the ratio of estrogenic to progestagenic enzyme gene expression in cultured granulosa cells". Fertil. Steril. 93 (6): 2050–5. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.01.151. PMID 19324349.

匿名

検索

案内

案内

granulosa cell