顆粒膜
- 関
- granulosum
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2017/12/26 10:15:33」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Pig oocyte surrounded by granulosa cells. Fluorescence microscopy, colored with DAPI.
A granulosa cell or follicular cell is a somatic cell of the sex cord that is closely associated with the developing female gamete (called an oocyte or egg) in the ovary of mammals.
Contents
- 1 Structure and function
- 2 Embryology of ovarian granulosa cells
- 3 Cell culture
- 4 Additional images
- 5 See also
- 6 References
- 7 External links
Structure and function
In the primary ovarian follicle, and later in follicle development (folliculogenesis), granulosa cells advance to form a multilayered cumulus oophorus surrounding the oocyte in the preovulatory or antral (or Graafian) follicle.
The major functions of granulosa cells include the production of sex steroids, as well as myriad growth factors thought to interact with the oocyte during its development. The sex steroid production begins with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary, stimulating granulosa cells to convert androgens (coming from the thecal cells) to estradiol by aromatase during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle.[1] However, after ovulation the granulosa cells turn into granulosa lutein cells that produce progesterone. The progesterone may maintain a potential pregnancy and causes production of a thick cervical mucus that inhibits sperm entry into the uterus.
Embryology of ovarian granulosa cells
In the development of the urinary and reproductive organs, the oogonia become invaginated in the gonadal ridge.
The embryological origin of granulosa cells remains controversial. In the 1970s, evidence emerged that the first cells to make contact with the oogonia were of mesonephric origin. It was suggested that mesonephric cells already closely associated with the oogonia proliferated throughout development to form the granulosa cell layer.[2][3][4] Recently, this hypothesis has been challenged with some thorough histology. Sawyer et al. hypothesized that in sheep most of the granulosa cells develop from cells of the mesothelium (i.e., epithelial cells from the presumptive surface epithelium of the ovary).[5] In 2013 it was proposed that both granulosa cells and the ovarian surface epithelial cells are instead derived from a precursor cell called Gonadal-Ridge Epithelial-like cell. [6]
Cell culture
Cell culture of granulosa cells can be performed in vitro. Plating density (number of cells per volume of culture medium) plays a critical role for the differentiation. A lower plating density makes granulosa cells exhibit estrogen production, while a higher plating density makes them appear as progesterone producing theca lutein cells.[7]
Additional images
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See also
- Granulosa cell tumour
- Ovulation
- Membrana granulosa
References
- ^ Garzo, V. G.; Dorrington, J. H. (1984). "Aromatase activity in human granulosa cells during follicular development and the modulation by follicle-stimulating hormone and insulin". American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 148 (5): 657–662. doi:10.1016/0002-9378(84)90769-5. PMID 6422764.
- ^ Satoh M (1991). "Histogenesis and organogenesis of the gonad in human embryos". J Anat. 177: 85–107. PMC 1260417 . PMID 1769902.
- ^ Upadhyay S, Zamboni L (1982). "Preliminary observations on the role of the mesonephros in the development of the adrenal cortex". Anat Rec. 202 (1): 105–111. doi:10.1002/ar.1092020112. PMID 7059014.
- ^ Zamboni, L.; Bezard, J.; Mauleon, P. (1979). "The role of the mesonephros in the development of the sheep fetal ovary". Annales de Biologie Animal Biochimie et Biophysique. 19: 1153–78. doi:10.1051/rnd:19790801.
- ^ Sawyer H, Smith P, Heath D, Juengel J, Wakefield S, McNatty K (2002). "Formation of ovarian follicles during fetal development in sheep". Biol Reprod. 66 (4): 1134–50. doi:10.1095/biolreprod66.4.1134. PMID 11906935.
- ^ Hummitzsch, K; Irving-Rodgers, HF; Hatzirodos, N; Bonner, W; Sabatier, L; Reinhardt, DP; Sado, Y; Ninomiya, Y; Wilhelm, D; Rodgers, RJ (2013). "A new model of development of the mammalian ovary and follicles". PLOS ONE. 8 (2): e55578. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055578. PMC 3567121 . PMID 23409002.
- ^ Portela VM, Zamberlam G, Price CA (April 2010). "Cell plating density alters the ratio of estrogenic to progestagenic enzyme gene expression in cultured granulosa cells". Fertil. Steril. 93 (6): 2050–5. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.01.151. PMID 19324349.
External links
- Histology image: 18404loa – Histology Learning System at Boston University - "Female Reproductive System: ovary, cumulus oophorus"
- Histology image: 14808loa – Histology Learning System at Boston University - "Female Reproductive System: ovary, membrana granulosa"
- Granulosa Cells at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Cells in humans derived from mesoderm
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Paraxial |
Mesenchymal stem cell |
Osteochondroprogenitor cell |
- Bone (Osteoblast → Osteocyte)
- Cartilage (Chondroblast → Chondrocyte)
|
Myofibroblast |
- Fat
- Muscle
- Myoblast → Myocyte
- Myosatellite cell
- Tendon cell
- Cardiac muscle cell
- Other
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Other |
- Digestive system
- Interstitial cell of Cajal
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Intermediate |
Renal stem cell |
- Angioblast → Endothelial cell
- Mesangial cell
- Intraglomerular
- Extraglomerular
- Juxtaglomerular cell
- Macula densa cell
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- Stromal cell → Interstitial cell → Telocytes
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- Simple epithelial cell → Podocyte
- Kidney proximal tubule brush border cell
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Reproductive system |
- Sertoli cell
- Leydig cell
- Granulosa cell
- Peg cell
- germ cells
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Lateral plate/
hemangioblast |
Hematopoietic stem cell |
- Lymphoid
- Lymphoblast
- see lymphocytes
- Myeloid
- CFU-GEMM
- see myeloid cells
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Circulatory system |
- Endothelial progenitor cell
- Endothelial colony forming cell
- Endothelial stem cell
- Angioblast/Mesoangioblast
- Pericyte
- Mural cell
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Soy isoflavones exert beneficial effects on letrozole-induced rat polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) model through anti-androgenic mechanism.
- Rajan RK1, M SS2, Balaji B1.
- Pharmaceutical biology.Pharm Biol.2017 Dec;55(1):242-251.
- PMID 27927075
- Differential effects of mitochondrial inhibitors on porcine granulosa cells and oocytes.
- Kansaku K1, Itami N1, Kawahara-Miki R2, Shirasuna K1, Kuwayama T1, Iwata H3.
- Theriogenology.Theriogenology.2017 Nov;103:98-103. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.07.049. Epub 2017 Jul 31.
- PMID 28779614
- Sonic Hedgehog promotes in vitro oocyte maturation and term development of embryos in Taiwan native goats.
- Wang DC1, Huang JC2, Lo NW3, Chen LR4, Mermillod P5, Ma WL6, Chiang HI7, Ju JC8.
- Theriogenology.Theriogenology.2017 Nov;103:52-58. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.07.029. Epub 2017 Jul 24.
- PMID 28779609
Japanese Journal
- Expression and Regulation of FGF Receptors in Mouse Granulosa Cells
- Furukawa Saiichi,Matsuno Yuta,Emori Chihiro [他]
- Journal of mammalian ova research = 日本卵子学会誌 31(3), 86-92, 2014-10
- NAID 40020256535
- In Vitro Oocyte Development in Large Animals (Mini Symposium : Challenges to functional oocyte production in vitro)
- Hirao Yuji,Miyao Takashi
- Journal of mammalian ova research = 日本卵子学会誌 31(3), 79-85, 2014-10
- NAID 40020256524
- 症例報告 術中迅速診断にて卵巣がんと鑑別が困難であった顆粒膜細胞腫の1例 (平成25年度後期学術集会一般演題)
- 青井 裕美,糸賀 知子,國見 聡子 [他]
- 埼玉産科婦人科学会雑誌 = Saitama journal of obstetrics and gynecology 44(2), 127-130, 2014-09
- NAID 40020192120
★リンクテーブル★
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- 英
- granulosum、granulosa
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顆粒膜
- 関
- granulosa