produce electric current by electrostatic or magnetic processes (同)induct
cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner; "The ads induced me to buy a VCR"; "My children finally got me to buy a computer"; "My wife made me buy a new sofa" (同)stimulate, cause, have, get, make
cause to occur rapidly; "the infection precipitated a high fever and allergic reactions" (同)stimulate, rush, hasten
brought about or caused; not spontaneous; "a case of steroid-induced weakness"
a steroid hormone that is produced by the adrenal cortex of animals; affects functioning of gonads and has anti-inflammatory activity
abnormal loss of bony tissue resulting in fragile porous bones attributable to a lack of calcium; most common in postmenopausal women
Steroid-induced osteoporosis is osteoporosis arising due to use of glucocorticoids (steroid hormones) - analogous to Cushing's syndrome and involving mainly the axial skeleton. The synthetic glucocorticoid prescription drug prednisone is a main candidate after prolonged intake. Bisphosphonates are beneficial in reducing the risk of vertebral fractures.[1] Some professional guidelines recommend prophylactic calcium and vitamin D supplementation in patients who take the equivalent of more than 30 mg hydrocortisone (7.5 mg of prednisolone), especially when this is in excess of three months.[2][3][4] The use of thiazide diuretics, and gonadal hormone replacement has also been recommended, with the use of calcitonin, bisphosphonates, sodium fluoride or anabolic steroids also suggested in refractory cases.[5] Alternate day use may not prevent this complication.[6]
It is also known as glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.[7]
Mechanism
Mechanisms of SIOP include:[8]
Direct inhibition of osteoblast function
Direct enhancement of bone resorption
Inhibition of gastrointestinal calcium absorption
Increased urine calcium loss
Inhibition of sex steroids
The combination of these changes leads to drug-induced nutrient depletion. Prednisone moderately depletes calcium,[9] vitamin D,[10] chromium[11] and magnesium. This explains why the professional guidelines recommend calcium and vitamin D supplementation.[12]
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of osteoporosis can be made using conventional radiography and by measuring the bone mineral density (BMD). The most popular method of measuring BMD is Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
In addition to the detection of abnormal BMD, the diagnosis of osteoporosis requires investigations into potentially modifiable underlying causes; this may be done with blood tests. Depending on the likelihood of an underlying problem, investigations for cancer with metastasis to the bone, multiple myeloma, Cushing's disease and other above-mentioned causes may be performed.
References
^Allen CS, Yeung JH, Vandermeer B, Homik J (October 2016). "Bisphosphonates for steroid-induced osteoporosis". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 10: CD001347. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001347.pub2. PMC 6461188. PMID 27706804.
^Bone and Tooth Society of Great Britain, National Osteoporosis Society, Royal College of Physicians (2003). Glucocorticoid-induced Osteoporosis(PDF). London, UK: Royal College of Physicians of London. ISBN 978-1-86016-173-5.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Homik J, Suarez-Almazor ME, Shea B, Cranney A, Wells G, Tugwell P (2000). "Calcium and vitamin D for corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2): CD000952. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000952. PMC 7046131. PMID 10796394.
^Buckley, Lenore; Guyatt, Gordon; Fink, Howard A.; Cannon, Michael; Grossman, Jennifer; Hansen, Karen E.; Humphrey, Mary Beth; Lane, Nancy E.; Magrey, Marina; Miller, Marc; Morrison, Lake (August 2017). "2017 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Prevention and Treatment of Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis". Arthritis Care & Research. 69 (8): 1095–1110. doi:10.1002/acr.23279. ISSN 2151-4658. PMID 28585410.
^Lukert BP, Raisz LG (March 1990). "Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: pathogenesis and management". Annals of Internal Medicine. 112 (5): 352–64. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-112-5-352. PMID 2407167.
^Gourlay M, Franceschini N, Sheyn Y (February 2007). "Prevention and treatment strategies for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporotic fractures". Clinical Rheumatology. 26 (2): 144–53. doi:10.1007/s10067-006-0315-1. PMID 16670825.
^Buckley, Lenore; Guyatt, Gordon; Fink, Howard A.; Cannon, Michael; Grossman, Jennifer; Hansen, Karen E.; Humphrey, Mary Beth; Lane, Nancy E.; Magrey, Marina; Miller, Marc; Morrison, Lake (August 2017). "2017 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Prevention and Treatment of Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis". Arthritis Care & Research. 69 (8): 1095–1110. doi:10.1002/acr.23279. ISSN 2151-4658. PMID 28585410.
^Steroid-induced osteoporosis By Susan Ott, MD. Updated January 28, 2009. Retrieved on 26 March 2009
^"Office of Dietary Supplements - Calcium". ods.od.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-07-24.
^"Office of Dietary Supplements - Vitamin D". ods.od.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-07-24.
^Buckley, Lenore; Guyatt, Gordon; Fink, Howard A.; Cannon, Michael; Grossman, Jennifer; Hansen, Karen E.; Humphrey, Mary Beth; Lane, Nancy E.; Magrey, Marina; Miller, Marc; Morrison, Lake (August 2017). "2017 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Prevention and Treatment of Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis". Arthritis Care & Research. 69 (8): 1095–1110. doi:10.1002/acr.23279. ISSN 2151-4658. PMID 28585410.
…prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis included some premenopausal women. In premenopausal women included in clinical trials for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, fractures were generally …
…clinical features, and evaluation of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis will be reviewed here. The prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis are presented separately. The deleterious …
…vitamin D intake should be encouraged. Guidance for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis is discussed in detail separately. Patients should be routinely asked about adverse…
…premenopausal women with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis . In a secondary analysis of a randomized trial of teriparatide versus alendronate in patients with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, the increase in …
…American College of Rheumatology (ACR): Guideline for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (2017) American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP): Clinical report on bone densitometry…
English Journal
Preparative expression and purification of a nacreous protein N16 and testing its effect on osteoporosis rat model.
Xu ZY1, Liu YL1, Lin JB1, Cheng KL1, Wang YG1, Yao HL1, Wei-Peng2, Wu HY3, Su WW4, Shaw PC5, Li PB6.
International journal of biological macromolecules.Int J Biol Macromol.2018 May;111:440-445. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.054. Epub 2018 Jan 10.
Investigation of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry units necessary for pediatric rheumatologists in Japan and a proposal for shared access to equipment among hospitals
… <p><b>Background: </b>Regular assessment of bone mineral density (BMD) using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is essential for detecting glucocorticoid-inducedosteoporosis in juvenile-onset autoimmune diseases. … Z-score is used in children for standardization of osteoporosis assessment. …
Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis Lenore Buckley, M.D., M.P.H., and Mary B. Humphrey, M.D., Ph.D. Fracture-risk screening is indicated with initiation of glucocorticoids.
Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis N Engl J Med. 2018 Dec 27;379(26):2547-2556. doi: 10.1056/NEJMcp1800214. Authors Lenore Buckley 1 , Mary B Humphrey 1 Affiliation 1 From the Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (M.B ...
Introduction: Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis is the most common secondary cause of osteoporosis. Despite this, many patients receiving glucocorticoids are not evaluated for their skeletal health. Areas covered: Glucocorticoids have profound effects on bone cells, resulting in increases in bone resorption and impairments in bone formation.