WordNet

mark with lines; "sorrow had lined his face"
a length (straight or curved) without breadth or thickness; the trace of a moving point
a single frequency (or very narrow band) of radiation in a spectrum
reinforce with fabric; "lined books are more enduring"
a particular kind of product or merchandise; "a nice line of shoes" (同)product line, line of products, line of merchandise, business line, line of business
the road consisting of railroad track and roadbed (同)railway line, rail line
a commercial organization serving as a common carrier
acting in conformity; "in line with"; "he got out of line"; "toe the line"
something (as a cord or rope) that is long and thin and flexible; "a washing line"
a conceptual separation or distinction; "there is a narrow line between sanity and insanity" (同)dividing_line, demarcation, contrast
a formation of people or things one behind another; "the line stretched clear around the corner"; "you must wait in a long line at the checkout counter"
a formation of people or things one beside another; "the line of soldiers advanced with their bayonets fixed"; "they were arrayed in line of battle"; "the cast stood in line for the curtain call"
a fortified position (especially one marking the most forward position of troops); "they attacked the enemys line"
a mark that is long relative to its width; "He drew a line on the chart"
a spatial location defined by a real or imaginary unidimensional extent
in games or sports; a mark indicating positions or bounds of the playing area
persuasive but insincere talk that is usually intended to deceive or impress; "`let me show you my etchings is a rather worn line"; "he has a smooth line but I didnt fall for it"; "that salesman must have practiced his fast line of talk"
text consisting of a row of words written across a page or computer screen; "the letter consisted of three short lines"; "there are six lines in every stanza"
be in line with; form a line along; "trees line the riverbank" (同)run along
cover the interior of; "line the gloves"; "line a chimney"
fill plentifully; "line ones pockets"
providing something with a surface of a different material (同)facing
a protective covering that protects an inside surface (同)liner
the act of attaching an inside lining (to a garment or curtain etc.)
having a lining or a liner; often used in combination; "a lined skirt"; "a silk-lined jacket"
(used especially of skin) marked by lines or seams; "their lined faces were immeasurably sad"; "a seamed face" (同)seamed
bordered by a line of things; "tree lined streets"
relating to the epiphysis of a bone (同)epiphysial

PrepTutorEJDIC

『線』,筋,けい / (色・縫い目などの)『線』,しま;(顔・手などの)しわ(wrinkle) / (物・人の)『列』,行列(row) / 『綱』,糸,針金 / 電線,電話線,電信線 / (文章の)『行』;(詩の)『行』 / 《しばしばa~》《話》『短い手紙』(note) / 《複数形で》輪郭,外形(outline) / 境界線(boundary);限界,限度(limit) / (鉄道・バスなどの)路線;航路,空路 / 《複数形で》せりふ / 進路,道順(course);(考えなどの)筋道,方針 / 《しばしばone's~》(活動の)分野,方面;特意 / 家系,血統,血筋 / 在庫商品,仕入れ品 / 導管,パイプライン / 《しばしば複数形で》戦線,防御線 / …‘に'『線を引く』,筋(しま,しわ)をつける / …‘に'『沿って並ぶ;』(…を)…‘に'沿って並べる《+『名』+『with』+『名』》
(材料で)〈着物など〉‘に'裏を付ける《+『名』『with』+『名』》 / (…で)…‘を'満たす,(…を)…‘に'詰め込む《+『名』+『with』+『名』》
〈U〉(服などの)裏張り,裏塗り / 〈U〉裏地,裏材

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/02/19 21:02:10」(JST)

wiki en

The epiphyseal plate (or epiphysial plate, physis, or growth plate) is a hyaline cartilage plate in the metaphysis at each end of a long bone.

The plate is found in children and adolescents; in adults, who have stopped growing, the plate is replaced by an epiphyseal line.

Structure

Development

Endochondral ossification is responsible for the initial bone development from cartilage in utero and infants and the longitudinal growth of long bones in the epiphyseal plate. The plate's chondrocytes are under constant division by mitosis. These daughter cells stack facing the epiphysis while the older cells are pushed towards the diaphysis. As the older chondrocytes degenerate, osteoblasts ossify the remains to form new bone. In puberty increasing levels of estrogen, in both females and males, leads to increased apoptosis of chondrocytes in the epiphyseal plate.^[1] Depletion of chondrocytes due to apoptosis leads to less ossification and growth slows down and later stops when the entire cartilage have become replaced by bone, leaving only a thin epiphyseal scar which later disappears.^[2] Once the adult stage is reached, the only way to manipulate height is modifying bone length via distraction osteogenesis.

Histology

The growth plate has a very specific morphology in having a zonal arrangement.

Epiphyseal plate zone (from epiphysis to diaphysis	Description
Zone of reserve	Quiescent chondrocytes are found at the epiphyseal end
Zone of proliferation	Chondrocytes undergo rapid mitosis under influence of growth hormone
Zone of maturation and hypertrophy	Chondrocytes stop mitosis, and begin to hypertrophy by accumulating glycogen, lipids, and alkaline phosphatase
Zone of calcification	Chondrocytes undergo apoptosis. Cartilagenous matrix begins to calcify.
Zone of ossification	Osteoclasts and osteoblasts from the diaphyseal side break down the calcified cartilage and replace with mineralized bone tissue.

^[3]

A mnemonic for remembering the names of the epiphyseal plate growth zones is "Real People Have Career Options," standing for: Resting zone, Proliferative zone, Hypertrophic cartilage zone, Calcified cartilage zone, Ossification zone.^[4] The growth plate is clinically relevant in that it is often the primary site for infection, metastasis, fractures and the effects of endocrine bone disorders.^{[citation needed]}

Masson Goldner trichrome stain of rabbit epiphysial plate.

Clinical significance

Defects in the development and continued division of epiphyseal plates can lead to growth disorders. The most common defect is achondroplasia, where there is a defect in cartilage formation. Achondroplasia is the most common cause of dwarfism.

Salter–Harris fractures are fractures involving epiphyseal plates and hence tend to interfere with growth and height.

Osgood-Schlatter Disease results from stress on the epiphyseal plate in the tibia, leading to excess bone growth and a painful lump at the knee.

Other animals

John Hunter studied growing chickens. He observed bones grew at the ends and thus demonstrated the existence of the epiphyseal plates. Hunter is considered the "father of the growth plate".^[5]

References

^ Zhong, M; Carney, DH; Boyan, BD; Schwartz, Z (January 2011). "17β-Estradiol regulates rat growth plate chondrocyte apoptosis through a mitochondrial pathway not involving nitric oxide or MAPKs.". Endocrinology 152 (1): 82–92. doi:10.1210/en.2010-0509. PMID 21068162.
^ "Skeletal System / Bone Development and Growth". Archived from the original on 2008-07-09. Retrieved 2008-07-10.
^ Ovalle, William K.; Nahirney, Patrick C. (2007). Netter's essential histology : with Student consult online access (1st ed.). Philadelphia, Pa.: Elsevier Saunders. ISBN 9781929007868.
^ "Medical Mnemonics".
^ "Growth Plate (Physeal) Fractures". EMedicine.com. Retrieved 2008-01-15.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 小児における肘関節の解剖学的構造および肘関節骨折の放射線学的診断 elbow anatomy and radiographic diagnosis of elbow fracture in children
2. 大腿骨頭すべり症（SCFE）の評価およびマネージメント evaluation and management of slipped capital femoral epiphysis scfe
3. 骨折のマネージメントの一般原則：小児における骨折のパターンおよび種類 general principles of fracture management fracture patterns and description in children
4. 小児における上腕骨近位端骨折 proximal humeral fractures in children
5. 急性脊髄損傷を有する成人に対する麻酔 anesthesia for adults with acute spinal cord injury

English Journal

Epiphyseal stress fractures of finger phalanges in adolescent climbing athletes: a 3.0-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging evaluation.

Bayer T, Schöffl VR, Lenhart M, Herold T.SourceDepartment of Radiology, Klinikum Bamberg, Buger Straße 80, 96049, Bamberg, Germany, thomas.bayer@uk-erlangen.de.
Skeletal radiology.Skeletal Radiol.2013 Nov;42(11):1521-5. doi: 10.1007/s00256-013-1694-4. Epub 2013 Aug 7.
OBJECTIVES: To study the value of 3.0-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging for baseline and follow-up assessment of epiphyseal finger phalanx stress fractures in a collective of 7 consecutive adolescent climbing athletes.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Baseline MRI was performed in 8 fingers of 7 adolescent athl
PMID 23917681

An anatomic study of the distal femoral epiphysis.

Liu RW, Armstrong DG, Levine AD, Gilmore A, Thompson GH, Cooperman DR.Source*Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH †Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA.
Journal of pediatric orthopedics.J Pediatr Orthop.2013 Oct-Nov;33(7):743-9. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0b013e31829d55bf.
BACKGROUND: The anatomy of the undulating distal femoral physis may be relevant to growth disturbance after physeal fractures and screw fixation about the physis. The surface anatomy of this physis has not been well described.METHODS: We performed an anatomic study on 26 cadaveric distal femoral epi
PMID 23812155

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling regulates epiphyseal cartilage development through beta-catenin-dependent and -independent pathways.

Zhang X, Zhu J, Li Y, Lin T, Siclari VA, Chandra A, Elena CM, Koyama E, Enomoto-Iwamoto M, Qin L.SourceUniversity of Pennsylvania, United States;
The Journal of biological chemistry.J Biol Chem.2013 Sep 18. [Epub ahead of print]
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an essential player in the development of multiple organs during embryonic and postnatal stages. To understand its role in epiphyseal cartilage development, we generated transgenic mice with conditionally inactivated EGFR in chondrocytes. Postnatally, t
PMID 24047892

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「骨端線」
関連記事	「LINE」「line」「epiphyseal」「lining」

「骨端線」

Epiphyseal plate
	Radiogram of distal fibula and tibia showing two epiphyseal plates.
	Light micrograph of epiphyseal plate showing chondrocytes and matrix.
Details
Identifiers
Latin	lamina epiphysialis
TA	A02.0.00.020
FMA	75427
	Anatomical terminology [edit on Wikidata]

　　[★]

英: epiphysial line (M), epiphyseal line (KH,KA)
ラ: linea epiphysialis
関: 長骨

長骨が成長する間、軟骨の骨端板が骨幹と骨端の間に介在する。この骨端板は骨幹と骨端から骨に置換されていくが、この過程で両者の境界の骨は特に密になりX線像で骨端線として認められる (M)
骨の成長の停止と共に緻密質になった場所 (KH.78)

骨端線閉鎖

KH. 78

「LINE」

　　[★]

日: 長い散在反復配列、長散在型反復配列、長い散在性反復配列、ライン、広範囲散在反復配列
英: long interspersed nuclear element, long interspersed nucleotide element, long interspersed element, long interspersed repetitive elements, LINEs, long interspersed repeat sequences
関: レトロトランスポゾン

quoted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_interspersed_nucleotide_elements#LINEs

Long interspersed nuclear elements[8] are a group of genetic elements that are found in large numbers in eukaryotic genomes. They are transcribed (or are the evolutionary remains of what was once transcribed) to an RNA using an RNA polymerase II promoter that resides inside the LINE. LINEs code for the enzyme reverse transcriptase, and many LINEs also code for an endonuclease (e.g. RNase H). The reverse transcriptase has a higher specificity for the LINE RNA than other RNA, and makes a DNA copy of the RNA that can be integrated into the genome at a new site.

The 5' UTR contains the promoter sequence, while the 3' UTR contains a polyadenylation signal (AATAAA) and a poly-A tail.[10] Because LINEs move by copying themselves (instead of moving, like transposons do), they enlarge the genome. The human genome, for example, contains about 20,000-40,000 LINEs, which is roughly 21% of the genome.