WordNet

the end of a long bone; initially separated from the main bone by a layer of cartilage that eventually ossifies so the parts become fused
relating to the epiphysis of a bone (同)epiphysial

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/11/15 23:03:25」(JST)

wiki en

The epiphysis (/ɛˈpɪfɨsɨs/^[1]^[2]) is the rounded end of a long bone, at its joint with adjacent bone(s). Between the epiphysis and diaphysis (the long midsection of the long bone) lies the metaphysis, including the epiphyseal plate (growth plate). At the joint, the epiphysis is covered with articular cartilage; below that covering is a zone similar to the epiphyseal plate, known as subchondral bone.

The epiphysis is filled with red bone marrow, which produces erythrocytes (red blood cells).

Types

There are four types of epiphysis:

Pressure epiphysis: The region of the long bone that forms the joint is a pressure epiphysis (e.g. the head of the femur, part of the hip joint complex). Pressure epiphyses assist in transmitting the weight of the human body and are the regions of the bone that are under pressure during movement or locomotion. Another example of a pressure epiphysis is the head of the humerus which is part of the shoulder complex.
Traction epiphysis: The regions of the long bone which are non-articular, i.e. not involved in joint formation. Unlike pressure epiphyses, these regions do not assist in weight transmission. However, their proximity to the pressure epiphysis region means that the supporting ligaments and tendons attach to these areas of the bone. Traction epiphyses ossify later than pressure epiphyses. Examples of traction epiphyses are tubercles of the humerus (greater tubercle and lesser tubercle), and trochanters of the femur (greater and lesser).
Atavistic epiphysis: These types of fused bones are called atavistic, e.g., the coracoid process of the scapula, which has been fused in humans, but is separate in four-legged animals.
Aberrant epiphysis: These epiphyses are deviations from the norm and are not always present. For example, the epiphysis at the head of the first metacarpal bone.

Pathology

Pathologies of the epiphysis include avascular necrosis and osteochondritis dissecans (OCD). OCD involves the subchondral bone.

Epiphyseal lesions include chondroblastoma and giant-cell tumor.^[3]

Additional images

Long bone
Longitudinal section of head of left humerus.

References

^ OED 2nd edition, 1989 as /εˈpɪfɪsɪs/.
^ Entry "epiphysis" in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.
^ "Introductory Course". Retrieved 2009-03-12.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 致死的骨格形成異常の出生前診断 prenatal diagnosis of the lethal skeletal dysplasias
2. 高身長または異常に急激な成長がみられる小児 the child with tall stature or abnormally rapid growth
3. 閉経前の骨粗鬆症の評価および治療 evaluation and treatment of premenopausal osteoporosis
4. ムコ多糖症の合併症およびマネージメント complications and management of the mucopolysaccharidoses
5. ステロイド誘発性骨粗鬆症の予防および治療 prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis

English Journal

Distal ulnar changes in children with thalassemia and deferiprone related arthropathy.

Sharma R, Anand R, Chandra J, Seth A, Pemde H, Singh V.SourceDepartment of Pediatrics, Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India.
Pediatric blood & cancer.Pediatr Blood Cancer.2013 Dec;60(12):1957-62. doi: 10.1002/pbc.24678. Epub 2013 Aug 13.
BACKGROUND: Regular blood transfusion and iron chelation are the standard of care for children with thalassemia. Deferiprone is an effective oral iron chelator but is known to cause significant arthropathy. Though clinical and radiographic features of deferiprone related arthropathy have been descri
PMID 23940095

Epiphyseal abnormalities, trabecular bone loss and articular chondrocyte hypertrophy develop in the long bones of postnatal Ext1-deficient mice.

Sgariglia F, Candela ME, Huegel J, Jacenko O, Koyama E, Yamaguchi Y, Pacifici M, Enomoto-Iwamoto M.SourceTranslational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Bone.Bone.2013 Nov;57(1):220-31. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.08.012. Epub 2013 Aug 17.
Long bones are integral components of the limb skeleton. Recent studies have indicated that embryonic long bone development is altered by mutations in Ext genes and consequent heparan sulfate (HS) deficiency, possibly due to changes in activity and distribution of HS-binding/growth plate-associated
PMID 23958822

Altered bone development and turnover in transgenic mice over-expressing lipocalin-2 in bone.

Costa D, Lazzarini E, Canciani B, Giuliani A, Spanò R, Marozzi K, Manescu A, Cancedda R, Tavella S.SourceDipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Universita' di Genova & IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy.
Journal of cellular physiology.J Cell Physiol.2013 Nov;228(11):2210-21. doi: 10.1002/jcp.24391.
Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is a protein largely expressed in many tissues, associated with different biological phenomena such as cellular differentiation, inflammation and cancer acting as a survival/apoptotic signal. We found that LCN2 was expressed during osteoblast differentiation and we generated trans
PMID 23606520

Japanese Journal

Bone-Orchestrating Cells, Osteocytes

Hongo Hiromi,Hasegawa Tomoka,Sasaki Muneteru,Suzuki Reiko,Masuki Hideo,Yamada Tamaki,Shimoji Shinji,Kawanami Masamitsu,Yamamoto Tsuneyuki,Amizuka Norio
北海道歯学雑誌 32(2), 93-103, 2012-03-15
… In our observations, FGF23 and sclerostin synthesis seemed to be associated with the spatial regularity of the OLCS: both proteins were consistently expressed by osteocytes in epiphyses and cortical bones showing regularly arranged OLCS. …
NAID 10030576074

Giant Cell Tumor of the Frontal Bone in a Girl : Case Report

KAMOSHIMA Yuuta,SAWAMURA Yutaka,IMAI Tetsuaki,FURUKAWA Hiroshi,KUBOTA Kanako,HOUKIN Kiyohiro
Neurologia medico-chirurgica = 神経外科 51(11), 798-800, 2011-11-15
… Most giant cell tumors occur in the epiphyses of long bones and are rare in the cranio-facial bone. …
NAID 10030030514

Effects of Pro-Hyp, a Collagen Hydrolysate-Derived Peptide, on Hyaluronic Acid Synthesis Using in Vitro Cultured Synovium Cells and Oral Ingestion of Collagen Hydrolysates in a Guinea Pig Model of Osteoarthritis

Ohara Hiroki,Iida Hiroyuki,Ito Kyoko [他],TAKEUCHI Yasuo,NOMURA Yoshihiro
Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 74(10), 2096-2099, 2010-10-23
… Oral administration of collagen hydrolysates increased the amount of proteoglycans in the epiphyses. …
NAID 10027560724

「epiphyseal」

Epiphysis
	Structure of a long bone, with epiphysis labeled at top.
Identifiers
Gray's	p.79
MeSH	Epiphyses
Dorlands; /Elsevier	12338275
TA	A02.0.00.018
FMA	FMA:24012
	Anatomical terminology