WordNet

the end of a long bone; initially separated from the main bone by a layer of cartilage that eventually ossifies so the parts become fused
relating to the epiphysis of a bone (同)epiphysial

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/01/21 23:01:23」(JST)

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This article is about the rounded end of a bone. For information on the endocrine gland also referred to as epiphysis, see epiphysis cerebri.

The epiphysis (/ɛˈpɪfɨsɨs/^[1]^[2]) is the rounded end of a long bone, at its joint with adjacent bone(s). Between the epiphysis and diaphysis (the long midsection of the long bone) lies the metaphysis, including the epiphyseal plate (growth plate). At the joint, the epiphysis is covered with articular cartilage; below that covering is a zone similar to the epiphyseal plate, known as subchondral bone (see Wiktionary:subchondral).

The epiphysis is filled with red bone marrow, which produces erythrocytes (red blood cells).

Types[edit]

There are four types of epiphysis:

Pressure epiphysis: the region of the long bone that forms the joint is a pressure epiphysis (e.g. the head of the femur, part of the hip joint complex). Pressure epiphyses assist in transmitting the weight of the human body and are the regions of the bone that are under pressure during movement or locomotion. Another example of a pressure epiphysis is the head of the humerus which is part of the shoulder complex.
Traction epiphysis: the regions of the long bone which are non-articular, i.e. not involved in joint formation. Unlike pressure epiphyses, these regions do not assist in weight transmission. However, their proximity to the pressure epiphysis region means that the supporting ligaments and tendons attach to these areas of the bone. Traction epiphyses ossify later than pressure epiphyses. Examples of traction epiphyses are tubercles of the humerus (greater tubercle and lesser tubercle), and trochanters of the femur (greater and lesser).
Atavistic epiphysis: These types of fused bones are called atavistic; e.g. the coracoid process of the scapula which has been fused in humans but is separate in four-legged animals.
Aberrant epiphysis: these epiphyses are deviations from the norm and are not always present. For example, the epiphysis at the head of the first metacarpal bone.

Pathology[edit]

Pathologies of the epiphysis include avascular necrosis and osteochondritis dissecans (OCD). OCD involves the subchondral bone.

Epiphyseal lesions include chondroblastoma and giant-cell tumor.^[3]

Additional images[edit]

Long bone
Longitudinal section of head of left humerus.
Structure of a Long Bone

References[edit]

^ OED 2nd edition, 1989 as /εˈpɪfɪsɪs/.
^ Entry "epiphysis" in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.
^ "Introductory Course". Retrieved 2009-03-12.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 大腿骨頭すべり症（SCFE）の評価およびマネージメント evaluation and management of slipped capital femoral epiphysis scfe
2. 骨折のマネージメントの一般原則：小児における骨折のパターンおよび種類 general principles of fracture management fracture patterns and description in children
3. 小児における股関節痛の概要 overview of hip pain in childhood
4. 外旋歩行の小児に対するアプローチ approach to the child with out toeing
5. 幼児、小児、および思春期における股関節の放射線学的評価 radiologic evaluation of the hip in infants children and adolescents

English Journal

Biomechanical Testing of Unstable Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis Screw Fixation: Worth the Risk of a Second Screw?

Schmitz MR1, Farnsworth CL, Doan JD, Glaser DA, Scannell BP, Edmonds EW.
Journal of pediatric orthopedics.J Pediatr Orthop.2015 Jul-Aug;35(5):496-500. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0000000000000311.
BACKGROUND: In a prior biomechanical study, 2-screw fixation of anatomically reduced slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) demonstrated marginally greater stability than single-screw fixation. However, the authors judged the benefits of a second screw to be minimal compared with the additional co
PMID 25171682

Closed reduction of slipped capital femoral epiphysis: high-risk factor for avascular necrosis.

Kitano T1, Nakagawa K, Wada M, Moriyama M.
Journal of pediatric orthopedics. Part B.J Pediatr Orthop B.2015 Jul;24(4):281-5. doi: 10.1097/BPB.0000000000000170.
How should we treat acute/unstable slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) without the development of avascular necrosis (AVN) To answer this question, we investigated the risk factors of AVN development after SCFE. Seventy-six hips of 64 patients were classified using two kinds of classification
PMID 25812031

Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica of the knee: an unusual presentation with intra-articular loose bodies and literature review.

Wheeldon G1, Altiok H.
Journal of pediatric orthopedics. Part B.J Pediatr Orthop B.2015 Jul;24(4):326-9. doi: 10.1097/BPB.0000000000000150.
Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica (DEH) is a rare disease characterized by the formation of osteochondromas asymmetrically at the epiphysis of extremities, typically involving the ankle and the knee. It progresses during childhood and presents with limited range of motion, swelling, and angular defo
PMID 25647567