dopaminergic agent

ドパミン作動薬

WordNet

1. a substance that exerts some force or effect
2. a businessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission (同)factor, broker
3. any agent or representative of a federal agency or bureau (同)federal agent
4. a representative who acts on behalf of other persons or organizations
5. an active and efficient cause; capable of producing a certain effect; "their research uncovered new disease agents"
6. how long something has existed; "it was replaced because of its age"
7. a time of life (usually defined in years) at which some particular qualification or power arises; "she was now of school age"; "tall for his eld" (同)eld
8. begin to seem older; get older; "The death of his wife caused him to age fast"
9. make older; "The death of his child aged him tremendously"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 『代理人』;周旋人 / 働き(作用)を起こすもの;作用物,薬剤 / (政府機関,特にFBI,CIAなどの)部員,機関員
2. 〈U〉(一般に)『年齢』,寿命;〈C〉(個々の)『年齢』,年 / 〈U〉成年(おとなとしての資格・権利を得る年齢;通例18または21歳) / 〈U〉『老齢』;《集合的に》老人たち / 〈U〉(人生の)『一時期』;〈C〉世代(generation) / 〈U〉〈C〉《しばしばA-》(歴史上の)『時代』 / 〈C〉《話》長い間 / 年をとる,ふける;〈物が〉古くなる / 〈年〉'を'とらせる;〈物〉'を'古びさせる

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/04/23 15:01:04」(JST)

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Main article: Dopamine

The chemical structure of the neurotransmitter dopamine

Dopaminergic means "related to dopamine" (literally, "working on dopamine"), dopamine being a common neurotransmitter. Dopaminergic substances or actions increase dopamine-related activity in the brain. Dopaminergic brain structures facilitate dopamine-related activity. For example, certain proteins such as the dopamine transporter (DAT), vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT₂), and dopamine receptors can be classified as dopaminergic, and neurons that synthesize or contain dopamine and synapses with dopamine receptors in them may also be labeled as dopaminergic. Enzymes that regulate the biosynthesis or metabolism of dopamine such as aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase or DOPA decarboxylase, monoamine oxidase (MAO), and catechol O-methyl transferase (COMT) may be referred to as dopaminergic as well. Also, any endogenous or exogenous chemical substance that acts to affect dopamine receptors or dopamine release through indirect actions (for example, on neurons that synapse onto neurons that release dopamine or express dopamine receptors) can also be said to have dopaminergic effects, two prominent examples being opioids, which enhance dopamine release indirectly in the reward pathways, and some substituted amphetamines, which enhance dopamine release directly by binding to and inhibiting VMAT₂.

Supplements and drugs

The following are examples of dopaminergic substances:

Precursors

• Dopamine precursors including L-phenylalanine, and L-tyrosine are used as dietary supplements. L-DOPA (Levodopa), another precursor, is used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

Receptor agonists

• Dopamine receptor agonists such as apomorphine, bromocriptine, cabergoline, dihydrexidine (LS-186,899), dopamine, fenoldopam, piribedil, lisuride, pergolide, pramipexole, ropinirole, and rotigotine, are used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, restless legs syndrome, hyperprolactinemia, and sexual dysfunction, as well as being investigated in the treatment of depression and anxiety as antidepressants and anxiolytics, respectively.

Receptor antagonists/receptor blockers

• Dopamine receptor antagonists including typical antipsychotics such as chlorpromazine (Thorazine), fluphenazine, haloperidol (Haldol), loxapine, molindone, perphenazine, pimozide, thioridazine, thiothixene, and trifluoperazine, the atypical antipsychotics such as amisulpride, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine (Seroquel), risperidone (Risperdal), sulpiride, and ziprasidone, and antiemetics like domperidone, metoclopramide, and prochlorperazine, among others, which are used in the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder as antipsychotics, and nausea and vomiting.

Reuptake inhibitors/transporter blockers

• Dopamine reuptake inhibitors (DRIs) or dopamine transporter (DAT) inhibitors such as methylphenidate (Ritalin), bupropion (Wellbutrin), amineptine, and nomifensine, cocaine, methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV; "Sonic"), ketamine, and phencyclidine (PCP), among others, which are used in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy as psychostimulants, obesity as anorectics, depression and anxiety as antidepressants and anxiolytics, respectively, drug addiction as anticraving agents, and sexual dysfunction, as well as illicit street drugs.
• Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT₂) inhibitors such as reserpine, tetrabenazine, and deserpidine, which are used as sympatholytics or antihypertensives, and in the past as antipsychotics.

Releasing agents

• Dopamine releasing agents (DRAs) such as amphetamine, lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse), methamphetamine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), phenmetrazine, pemoline, 4-methylaminorex (4-MAR), and benzylpiperazine, among many others, which, like DRIs, are used in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy as psychostimulants, obesity as anorectics, depression and anxiety as antidepressants and anxiolytics, respectively, drug addiction as anticraving agents, and sexual dysfunction, as well as illicit street drugs.

"Activity enhancers"

• Dopamine "activity enhancers" such as BPAP and PPAP, which are currently only research chemicals, but are being investigated for clinical development in the treatment of a number of medical disorders.

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

• Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors (MAOIs) including nonselective agents such as phenelzine, tranylcypromine, and isocarboxazid, MAO_A selective agents like moclobemide, and MAO_B selective agents such as selegiline, rasagiline, and pargyline, as well as the harmala alkaloids like harmine, harmaline, tetrahydroharmine, harmalol, harman, and norharman, which are found to varying degrees in Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco), Banisteriopsis caapi (ayahausca, yage), Peganum harmala (Harmal, Syrian Rue), Passiflora incarnata (Passion Flower), and Tribulus terrestris, among others, which are used in the treatment of depression and anxiety as antidepressants and anxiolytics, respectively, in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and dementia, and for the recreational purpose of boosting the effects of certain drugs like phenethylamine (PEA) and psychedelics like dimethyltryptamine (DMT) via inhibiting their metabolism.

Other enzyme inhibitors

• Catechol O-methyl transferase (COMT) inhibitors such as entacapone and tolcapone, which are used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
• Dopamine β-hydroxylase inhibitors like disulfiram (Antabuse), which can be used in the treatment of addiction to cocaine and similar dopaminergic drugs as a deterrent drug. The excess dopamine resulting from inhibition of the dopamine β-hydroxylase enzyme increases unpleasant symptoms such as anxiety, higher blood pressure, and restlessness. Disulfiram is not an anticraving agent, because it does not decrease craving for drugs. Instead, negative reinforcement from its unpleasant effects deters drug consumption.
• Phenylalanine hydroxylase inhibitors like 3,4-dihydroxystyrene), which is currently only a research chemical with no suitable therapeutic indications, likely because such drugs would induce the potentially highly dangerous hyperphenylalaninemia or phenylketonuria.
• Tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitors like metirosine, which is used in the treatment of pheochromocytoma as a sympatholytic or antihypertensive agent.
• Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase or DOPA decarboxylase inhibitors including benserazide, carbidopa, and methyldopa, which are used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease in augmentation of L-DOPA to block the peripheral conversion of dopamine, thereby inhibiting undesirable side-effects, and as sympatholytic or antihypertensive agents.
• Others such as hyperforin and adhyperforin (both found in Hypericum perforatum St. John's Wort), L-theanine (found in Camellia sinensis, the tea plant), and S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe), which are all dietary supplements used mainly for the remedification of depression and anxiety as antidepressants and anxiolytics, respectively.

See also

• Adrenergic
• Cholinergic
• Cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART)
• GABAergic
• Histaminergic
• Serotonergic

References

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. パーキンソン病の薬理学的治療 pharmacologic treatment of parkinson disease
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• 5. 患者情報：パーキンソン病の治療選択肢 ・薬物療法（詳細） parkinson disease treatment options medications beyond the basics

English Journal

• Dopamine is a safe antiangiogenic drug which can also prevent 5-fluorouracil induced neutropenia.

• Sarkar C1, Chakroborty D1, Dasgupta PS2, Basu S1,3.
• International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.Int J Cancer.2015 Aug 1;137(3):744-9. doi: 10.1002/ijc.29414. Epub 2015 Jan 7.
• The role of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) in tumor angiogenesis is well established and accordingly, molecules targeting VEGFA or its receptors are being presently used in the clinics for treatment of several types of cancer. However, these antiangiogenic agents are expensive and have
• PMID 25556636

• Antagonistic pleiotropic effects of nitric oxide in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease.

• Tripathy D1, Chakraborty J, Mohanakumar KP.
• Free radical research.Free Radic Res.2015 Jun 4:1-11. [Epub ahead of print]
• Sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) is a geriatric disorder with unknown etiology, specifically affecting the nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DA-ergic) pathway of the brain. Amongst several contributing factors, nitric oxide (NO•) is considered to inflict injury to DA-ergic neurons, and to influence PD
• PMID 25968946

• Pharmacologic Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: Injectable Medications.

• Tran L1, Zielinski A2, Roach AH2, Jende JA2, Householder AM2, Cole EE2, Atway SA2, Amornyard M2, Accursi ML2, Shieh SW2, Thompson EE2.
• The Annals of pharmacotherapy.Ann Pharmacother.2015 Jun;49(6):700-714. Epub 2015 Mar 23.
• OBJECTIVE: To review the oral and injectable pharmacologic treatment options for type 2 diabetes.DATA SOURCES: A literature search was conducted using PubMed electronic database for studies published in English between 1993 and September 2014. Search terms included diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes
• PMID 25802244

Japanese Journal

• Pharmacokinetics and Brain Distribution of Tetrahydropalmatine and Tetrahydroberberine after Oral Administration of DA-9701, a New Botanical Gastroprokinetic Agent, in Rats

• , , [他], ,
• Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 38(2), 285-291, 2015
• … DA-9701, a new botanical gastroprokinetic agent, has potential for the management of delayed gastric emptying in Parkinson's disease if it has no central anti-dopaminergic activity. …
• NAID 130004872260

• CBSにおける画像診断

• 篠遠 仁
• 臨床神経学 53(11), 1029-1032, 2013
• 最近，大脳皮質基底核変性症（CBD）および症候群（CBS）の背景病理と生前のMRIにおける脳萎縮分布との対応を検討した報告がいくつかある．CBD群では健常対照群と比較して背側前頭前野，中心溝近傍，線条体，脳幹において萎縮がみられ，左右差がめだつ症例は多くはなかった．CBSでは背景病理にかかわらず中心溝周辺の萎縮がみられ，前頭側頭葉変性症（CBS-FTDL）ではそれに加えて前頭前野，線条体，脳幹に萎 …
• NAID 130004505326

• Mithramycin, an Agent for Developing New Therapeutic Drugs for Neurodegenerative Diseases

• , , [他],
• Journal of Pharmacological Sciences 122(4), 251-256, 2013
• … MTM has been shown to prolong the survival of Huntington's disease model mice and to attenuate dopaminergic neurotoxicity in mice after repeated administration of methamphetamine. … In this review, we provide an up to date overview of neuroprotective effects of MTM and less toxic MTM analogs, MTM SK and MTM SDK, on some of the neurodegenerative diseases and discuss the promise of MTM as an agent for developing new therapeutic drugs for such diseases. …
• NAID 130003362729

Related Links

• Dopaminergic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Dopamine releasing agents (DRAs) such as amphetamine (Adderall, Dexedrine; "Speed"), lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse), methamphetamine (Desoxyn; "Meth", " Crank", "Crystal", etc), ...

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リンク元	「ドパミン作動薬」「ドパミン系薬物」「ドーパミン系薬物」「dopamine agent」
関連記事	「agent」「age」「dopaminergic」

「ドパミン作動薬」

　　[★]

英

dopamine agonist、dopaminergic agonist、dopaminergic agent, dopaminergic drug, dopamine receptor agonist, dopamine receptor stimulant

同

ドパミン作用薬、ドパミン刺激薬、ドパミン受容体作用薬、ドパミン受容体作動薬、ドパミン受容体刺激薬、ドパミンアゴニスト

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• ドパミン作動薬：レボドパ、ブロモクリプチン、インスリン、アルギニン、グルカゴン、プロプラノール(QB.D-254)

「ドパミン系薬物」

　　[★]

英

dopaminergic agent、dopaminergic drug、dopamine agent

関

ドーパミン作用薬、ドパミン作用薬、ドーパミン系薬物

「ドーパミン系薬物」

　　[★]

英

dopaminergic agent、dopaminergic drug

関

ドーパミン作用薬、ドパミン作用薬、ドパミン系薬物

「dopamine agent」

　　[★]

• ドパミン系薬物

関

dopaminergic agent、dopaminergic drug

「agent」

　　[★]

• n.

• 代行者、代理人。代理業者
• 政府職員、官吏
• ある後位をする人、ある作用をするもの。動員、動力因、作用因。(文法)動作主。科学的変化を起こさせるもの、薬品、～剤。病原体

関

agonist、agonistic、attorney、delegate、drug、etiologic agent、fomes、fomites、mediator、pathogen、pathogenic、pharmaceutical preparation、vector、vehicle

　 　 　 　 　 　

「age」

　　[★]

• n.

• 年齢、歳

• v.

• 加齢する、熟成する

関

aged、ageing、aging、year old

　 　 　 　 　

「dopaminergic」

　　[★]

• adj.

• ドパミン作動性の、ドーパミン作動性の、ドパミン系の、ドーパミン系の