WordNet

any substance that facilitates the use of a drug or pigment or other material that is mixed with it
a conveyance that transports people or objects
a medium for the expression or achievement of something; "his editorials provided a vehicle for his political views"; "a congregation is a vehicle of group identity"; "the play was just a vehicle to display her talents"
a straight line segment whose length is magnitude and whose orientation in space is direction
(genetics) a virus or other agent that is used to deliver DNA to a cell
any agent (person or animal or microorganism) that carries and transmits a disease; "mosquitos are vectors of malaria and yellow fever"; "fleas are vectors of the plague"; "aphids are transmitters of plant diseases"; "when medical scientists talk about vectors they are usually talking about insects" (同)transmitter
a variable quantity that can be resolved into components
a substance that exerts some force or effect
a businessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission (同)factor, broker
any agent or representative of a federal agency or bureau (同)federal agent
a representative who acts on behalf of other persons or organizations
an active and efficient cause; capable of producing a certain effect; "their research uncovered new disease agents"
a negotiator who acts as a link between parties (同)go-between, intermediator, intermediary, intercessor
any inanimate object (as a towel or money or clothing or dishes or books or toys etc.) that can transmit infectious agents from one person to another (同)vehicle

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉(車・そりなどの)『乗り物』,車;運搬具 / 〈C〉(思想・感情・情報などの)伝達手段,媒介物;(…の)表現自段《+for(of)+名(doing)》 / 〈U〉展色剤(絵の具を延ばす水・油など)
(数学で)ベクトル,方向量 / (ハエ・カなどの)病原媒介昆虫 / (飛行機,ミサイルなどの)脱路,軌道
『代理人』;周旋人 / 働き(作用)を起こすもの;作用物,薬剤 / (政府機関,特にFBI,CIAなどの)部員,機関員
調停者,仲裁者

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/11/30 06:03:42」(JST)

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Camp Lazear. Building where the experiments were made which proved that yellow fever is not transmitted by means of infected clothing (fomite)

A fomes (pronounced /ˈfoʊmiːz/) or fomite (/ˈfoʊmaɪt/) is any nonliving object or substance capable of carrying infectious organisms, such as viruses or bacteria, and hence transferring them from one individual to another. Skin cells, hair, clothing, and bedding are common hospital sources of contamination.

Fomites are associated particularly with hospital-acquired infections (HAI), as they are possible routes to pass pathogens between patients. Stethoscopes and neckties are two such fomites associated with health care providers. Basic hospital equipment, such as IV drip tubes, catheters, and life support equipment, can also be carriers, when the pathogens form biofilms on the surfaces. Careful sterilization of such objects prevents cross-infection.

Researchers have discovered that smooth (non-porous) surfaces like door knobs transmit bacteria and viruses better than porous materials like paper money because porous, especially fibrous, materials absorb and trap the contagion, making it harder to contract through simple touch.^[1]^[2]

Etymology

The Italian scholar and physician Girolamo Fracastoro appears to have first used the Latin word fomes, meaning "tinder", in this sense in his essay on contagion, De Contagione et Contagiosis Morbis, published in 1546:^[3] "By fomes I mean clothes, wooden objects, and things of that sort, which though not themselves corrupted can, nevertheless, preserve the original germs of the contagion and infect by means of these".^[4]

English usage of fomes, pronounced /ˈfoʊmiːz/, is documented since 1658.^[5] The English word fomite, which has been in use since 1859, is a back-formation from the plural fomites (originally borrowed from the Latin plural fōmĭtēs [ˈfoːmiteːs] of fōmĕs [ˈfoːmes]).^[6] The English-language pronunciation of fomites is /ˈfoʊmaɪts/, while the singular, fomite, is pronounced /ˈfoʊmaɪt/.^[6]^[7]^[8]

In popular culture

Fomites play a conspicuous role in Steven Soderbergh's 2011 film Contagion about a pandemic.^[9]

References

^ Abad, F. X.; R. M. Pintó; A. Bosch (October 1994). "Survival of enteric viruses on environmental fomites". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 60 (10): 3704–10. PMC 201876 . PMID 7986043.
^ Pope, Theodore W.; Peter T. Ender; William K. Woelk; Michael A. Koroscil; Thomas M. Koroscil (December 2002). "Bacterial contamination of paper currency". Southern Medical Journal. 95 (12): 1408–10. doi:10.1097/00007611-200295120-00011. PMID 12597308.
^ Nutton, Vivian (1990). "The Reception of Fracastoro's Theory of Contagion: The Seed That Fell among Thorns?". Osiris. University of Chicago Press. 2nd Series, Vol. 6, Renaissance Medical Learning: Evolution of a Tradition: 196–234. doi:10.1086/368701. JSTOR 301787.
^ Fracastoro, Girolamo (1961). "Contagion, contagious diseases and their treatment (1546)". In Brock, Thomas D. Milestones in Microbiology. Translated by Wright, Wilmer C. Prentice-Hall International. pp. 69–75. Retrieved 10 August 2013.
^ "fomes". Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. September 2005. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
^ ^a ^b "fomite". Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. September 2005. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
^ "fomite". Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary. Merriam-Webster.
^ Discussion on Language Log, Mark Liberman, November 19, 2006
^ Horn, John (8 September 2011). "Word of Mouth: 'Contagion' could really catch on". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 12 August 2013.

External links

General characteristics and roles of fomites in viral transmission

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English Journal

Use of a Hand Sanitizing Wipe for Reducing Risk of Viral Illness in the Home.

Tamimi AH1, Edmonds-Wilson SL2, Gerba CP1.
Food and environmental virology.Food Environ Virol.2015 Dec;7(4):354-8. doi: 10.1007/s12560-015-9204-6. Epub 2015 Jun 11.
This study determined whether a hand sanitizing wipe can reduce virus transmission in households, and could reduce the probability of infection by rhinovirus and rotavirus. Bacteriophage MS-2 (a marker virus) was used to assess viral transmission in five households having at least two children of ag
PMID 26063002

Influence of biological fluids in bacterial viability on different hospital surfaces and fomites.

Esteves DC1, Pereira VC2, Souza JM1, Keller R2, Simões RD1, Winkelstroter Eller LK1, Rodrigues MV3.
American journal of infection control.Am J Infect Control.2015 Nov 12. pii: S0196-6553(15)01034-2. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2015.09.033. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND: The hospital environment is susceptible to bacterial contamination along with survival in fomites and surfaces, allowing dissemination of potential pathogenic strains. The present research aimed to evaluate the influence of biological fluids in bacterial viability on fomites and surfaces
PMID 26577628

Spatial and temporal epidemiology of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) in the Midwest and Southeast regions of the United States.

Alvarez J1, Goede D2, Morrison R2, Perez A2.
Preventive veterinary medicine.Prev Vet Med.2015 Nov 7. pii: S0167-5877(15)30047-7. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.11.003. [Epub ahead of print]
Emergence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) in the US in 2013 caused a major impact in the swine industry due to its high mortality and rapid spread through the country. Even though the role of potential sources of infection in the epidemiology of the disease at the farm level (feed, fomites
PMID 26586344

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