pathogenic

• adj.

• 病原性のある、病原体の

関

agent、etiologic agent、pathogen、pathogenesis、pathogenetic、pathogenicity、virulence、virulent

　

WordNet

1. extreme hostility; "the virulence of the malicious old man" (同)virulency
2. extreme harmfulness (as the capacity of a microorganism to cause disease); "the virulence of the plague" (同)virulency
3. the origination and development of a disease
4. a substance that exerts some force or effect
5. a businessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission (同)factor, broker
6. any agent or representative of a federal agency or bureau (同)federal agent
7. a representative who acts on behalf of other persons or organizations
8. an active and efficient cause; capable of producing a certain effect; "their research uncovered new disease agents"
9. infectious; having the ability to cause disease
10. in a pathogenic manner
11. any disease-producing agent (especially a virus or bacterium or other microorganism)

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 発病させる,病原性の
2. 有毒,毒性 / 憎悪,敵意
3. 病原性(微生物が病気を起こす能力)
4. 『代理人』;周旋人 / 働き(作用)を起こすもの;作用物,薬剤 / (政府機関,特にFBI,CIAなどの)部員,機関員
5. 有毒な,毒性の / 憎悪に満ちた,敵意に満ちた
6. 病原菌,病原体

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/07/28 11:18:19」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

For other uses, see Pathogen (disambiguation).

A pathogen (Greek: πάθος pathos “suffering, passion” and -γενής -genēs “producer of”) in the oldest and broadest sense is anything that can produce disease. Typically the term is used to mean an infectious agent (colloquially known as a germ) — a microorganism, in the widest sense such as a virus, bacterium, prion, fungus or protozoan, that causes disease in its host. The host may be an animal, a plant, a fungus or even another microorganism.

There are several substrates including pathways whereby pathogens can invade a host. The principal pathways have different episodic time frames, but soil contamination has the longest or most persistent potential for harboring a pathogen. Diseases caused by organisms in humans are known as pathogenic diseases. Some of the diseases that are caused by viral pathogens include smallpox, influenza, mumps, measles, chickenpox, ebola and rubella.

Not all pathogens are necessarily undesirable to humans. In entomology, pathogens are one of the "three P's" (predators, pathogens and parasitoids) that serve as natural or introduced biological controls to suppress arthropod pest populations.

Types of pathogen

Subcellular infectious objects

Prionic

Main article: Prion

According to the prion theory, prions are infectious pathogens that do not contain nucleic acids. These abnormally folded proteins are found characteristically in some diseases such as scrapie, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (mad cow disease) and Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease. Although prions fail to meet the requirements laid out by Koch's postulates, the hypothesis of prions as a new class of pathogen led Stanley B. Prusiner to receive the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1997.

Viral

Further information: Viral disease

Pathogenic viruses are diseases mainly those of the families of: Adenoviridae, Picornaviridae, Herpesviridae, Hepadnaviridae, Flaviviridae, Retroviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Papovaviridae, Polyomavirus, Rhabdoviridae, Togaviridae. Viruses typically range between 20-300 nanometers in length.

Prokaryotes

Bacterial

Main article: Pathogenic bacteria

Although the vast majority of bacteria are harmless or beneficial, a few pathogenic bacteria can cause infectious diseases. Bacteria can often be killed by antibiotics because the cell wall on the outside is destroyed, expelling the DNA out of the body of the pathogen, therefore making the pathogen incapable of producing proteins and dies. They typically range between 1 and 5 micrometers in length.

Eukaryotes

Fungal

Main article: Pathogenic fungi

Fungi comprise a eukaryotic kingdom of microbes that are usually saprophytes (consume dead organisms) but can cause diseases in humans, animals and plants. Fungi are the most common cause of diseases in crops and other plants. The typical fungal spore size is 1-40 micrometers in length.

Other parasites

Main article: Human parasites

Some eukaryotic organisms, such as protists and helminths, cause disease.

Treatment and health care

Bacteria are usually treated with antibiotics while viruses are treated with antiviral compounds. Eukaryotic pathogens are typically not susceptible to antibiotics and thus need specific drugs. Infection with many pathogens can be prevented by immunization. A small amount of pathogens are used in vaccines to make immunity stay alert and strengthen defense on the insides to prepare for a larger quantity of the virus ever getting inside. Hygiene is critical for the prevention of infection by pathogens.

Virulence

Virulence (the tendency of a pathogen to cause damage to a host's fitness) evolves when that pathogen can spread from a diseased host, despite that host being very debilitated. Horizontal transmission occurs between hosts of the same species, in contrast to vertical transmission, which tends to evolve symbiosis (after a period of high morbidity and mortality in the population) by linking the pathogen's evolutionary success to the evolutionary success of the host organism.

Evolutionary medicine has found that under horizontal transmission, the host population might never develop tolerance to the pathogen.

Transmission

Main article: Transmission (medicine)

Transmission of pathogens occurs through many different routes, including airborne, direct or indirect contact, sexual contact, through blood, breast milk, or other body fluids, and through the fecal-oral route.

See also

• Ecological competence
• Emerging Pathogens Institute
• Human pathogen
• List of human diseases associated with infectious pathogens

References

External links

• Pronunciation Guide to Microorganisms

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

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• Han P1, Yang C2, Liang X2, Li L2.
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• Generation and characterization of quinolone-specific DNA aptamers suitable for water monitoring.

• Reinemann C1, Freiin von Fritsch U2, Rudolph S2, Strehlitz B2.
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• This study aimed to develop an immunoliposome-based immunomagnetic concentration and separation assay for the rapid detection of Cronobacter sakazakii (C. sakazakii), an acute opportunistic foodborne pathogenic bacterium, in both pure culture and infant formula. To develop the assay, magnetic nanopa
• PMID 26547009

Japanese Journal

• Na, K-ATPase α3 is a death target of Alzheimer patient amyloid-β assembly.

• Ohnishi Takayuki,Yanazawa Masako,Sasahara Tomoya,Kitamura Yasuki,Hiroaki Hidekazu,Fukazawa Yugo,Kii Isao,Nishiyama Takashi,Kakita Akiyoshi,Takeda Hiroyuki,Takeuchi Akihide,Arai Yoshie,Ito Akane,Komura Hitomi,Hirao Hajime,Satomura Kaori,Inoue Masafumi,Muramatsu Shin-Ichi,Matsui Ko,Tada Mari,Sato Michio,Saijo Eri,Shigemitsu Yoshiki,Sakai Satoko,Umetsu Yoshitaka,Goda Natsuko,Takino Naomi,Takahashi Hitoshi,Hagiwara Masatoshi,Sawasaki Tatsuya,Iwasaki Genji,Nakamura Yu,Nabeshima Yo-Ichi,Teplow David B,Hoshi Minako
• Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 112(32), E4465-E4474, 2015-08-11
• … 2015-08-14.Neurodegeneration correlates with Alzheimer's disease (AD) symptoms, but the molecular identities of pathogenic amyloid β-protein (Aβ) oligomers and their targets, leading to neurodegeneration, remain unclear. …
• NAID 120005647505

• Public Health : Bacillus cereus from the environment is genetically related to the highly pathogenic B. cereus in Zambia

• OGAWA Hirohito,OHNUMA Miyuki,SQUARRE David [他]
• The journal of veterinary medical science 77(8), 993-995, 2015-08
• NAID 40020571357

• Functional Mechanism(s) of the Inhibition of Disease Progression by Combination Treatment with Fingolimod Plus Pathogenic Antigen in a Glucose-6-phosphate Isomerase Peptide-Induced Arthritis Mouse Model

• Yoshida Yuya,Mikami Norihisa,Matsushima Yuki [他]
• Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin 38(8), 1120-1125, 2015-08
• NAID 40020539197

Related Links

• Pathogenic | Define Pathogenic at Dictionary.com

Meanwhile the virus has undergone huge genetic changes and become even more pathogenic. The combination of heat and the sun's ultraviolet rays kills any pathogenic germs. The smaller chromosome seems to contain many of ...

• pathogenicの意味 - 英和辞書 - 英語辞書 - goo辞書

pathogenicとは。意味や和訳。[形]発病させる，病原性の. ⇒path・o・gen - goo英和辞書は14万項目以上を収録し、発音、音声、慣用句、例文が分かる英和辞書です。

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「agent」「virulent」「pathogenetic」
拡張検索	「potentially pathogenic environmental mycobacteria」「nonpathogenic」「immunopathogenic」
関連記事	「pathogen」

「agent」

　　[★]

• n.

• 代行者、代理人。代理業者
• 政府職員、官吏
• ある後位をする人、ある作用をするもの。動員、動力因、作用因。(文法)動作主。科学的変化を起こさせるもの、薬品、～剤。病原体

関

agonist、agonistic、attorney、delegate、drug、etiologic agent、fomes、fomites、mediator、pathogen、pathogenic、pharmaceutical preparation、vector、vehicle

　 　 　 　 　 　

「virulent」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 猛毒な、有毒な。毒気を含む、悪意に満ちた、憎しみに燃えた。毒々しい、どぢつい、苛酷な。(医)悪性の。(菌)毒性の

Fukuda says this particular strain of swine flu could become more or less virulent over time.

関

pathogenesis、pathogenetic、pathogenic、pathogenicity、toxic、toxicity、virulence

　 　

「pathogenetic」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 病原性のある、病原的な

関

pathogenesis、pathogenetically、pathogenic、pathogenicity、virulence、virulent

「potentially pathogenic environmental mycobacteria」

　　[★]

• 潜在的に病原性を有する環境に存在するマイコバクテリア

関

マイコバクテリア, environmental mycobacteria

「nonpathogenic」

　　[★]

• 非病原性の

関

avirulence、avirulent、nonvirulent

「immunopathogenic」

　　[★]

• 免疫病原性の

関

immunopathogenesis

「pathogen」

　　[★]

• 病原体、病原菌、病原

関

agent、etiologic agent、pathogenesis、pathogenic、pathogenic bacteria