diet-induced thermogenesis

食事誘導性熱産生能 DIT

WordNet

1. to be on base at the end of an inning, of a player
2. pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life; "She died from cancer"; "The children perished in the fire"; "The patient went peacefully"; "The old guy kicked the bucket at the age of 102" (同)decease, perish, go, exit, pass_away, expire, pass, kick the bucket, cash in one''s chips, buy the farm, conk, give-up the ghost, drop dead, pop_off, choke, croak, snuff it
3. disappear or come to an end; "Their anger died"; "My secret will die with me!"
4. suffer spiritual death; be damned (in the religious sense); "Whosoever..believes in me shall never die"
5. a small cube with 1 to 6 spots on the six faces; used in gambling to generate random numbers (同)dice
6. a cutting tool that is fitted into a diestock and used for cutting male (external) screw threads on screws or bolts or pipes or rods
7. a device used for shaping metal
8. cut or shape with a die; "Die out leather for belts" (同)die_out
9. lose sparkle or bouquet; "wine and beer can pall" (同)pall, become flat
10. be brought to or as if to the point of death by an intense emotion such as embarrassment, amusement, or shame; "I was dying with embarrassment when my little lie was discovered"; "We almost died laughing during the show"
11. feel indifferent towards; "She died to worldly things and eventually entered a monastery"
12. languish as with love or desire; "She dying for a cigarette"; "I was dying to leave"
13. suffer or face the pain of death; "Martyrs may die every day for their faith"
14. reason or establish by induction
15. cause to arise; "induce a crisis" (同)bring_on
16. produce electric current by electrostatic or magnetic processes (同)induct
17. cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner; "The ads induced me to buy a VCR"; "My children finally got me to buy a computer"; "My wife made me buy a new sofa" (同)stimulate, cause, have, get, make
18. cause to occur rapidly; "the infection precipitated a high fever and allergic reactions" (同)stimulate, rush, hasten
19. follow a regimen or a diet, as for health reasons; "He has high blood pressure and must stick to a low-salt diet"
20. the act of restricting your food intake (or your intake of particular foods) (同)dieting
21. a legislative assembly in certain countries (e.g., Japan)
22. a prescribed selection of foods
23. the usual food and drink consumed by an organism (person or animal)
24. eat sparingly, for health reasons or to lose weight
25. brought about or caused; not spontaneous; "a case of steroid-induced weakness"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈人・動物が〉『死ぬ』,〈植物が〉『枯れる』 / 《副詞[句]を伴って》〈音・光・風などが〉消えてゆく《+『away』》;〈火・感情などが〉次第に収まる《+『down』》;〈家系・習慣などが〉絶えてなくなる《+『out』》 / 〈機械が〉動かなくなる,止まる / 《話》《進行形で》死ぬほど望む
2. さい,さいころ / ダイス,雄ねじ切り / (貨幣・メダルなどの)打ち型,打ち抜き型
3. 〈人〉‘に'『勧めて』(…)『させる』 / …‘を'『引き起こす』,もたらす(cause) / 〈電気〉‘を'誘導する / …‘を'帰納する
4. (日本・デンマーク・スウェーデンなどの)『議会』,国会
5. (日常の)『飲食物』,常食 / (健康・体重調節などのための)『規定食』,制限食 / (健康増進などのために)〈人〉‘に'規定食を取らせる / 規定食を取る,食物を制限する

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/05/08 22:50:39」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Thermic effect of food (abbreviated as TEF), also known as specific dynamic action (SDA) of a food or dietary induced thermogenesis (DIT), is the amount of energy expenditure above the resting metabolic rate due to the cost of processing food for use and storage. Simply, it's the energy used in digestion, absorption and distribution of nutrients. It is one of the components of metabolism along with resting metabolic rate and the exercise component. A commonly used estimate of the thermic effect of food is about 10% of one's caloric intake, though the effect varies substantially for different food components. For example, dietary fat is very easy to process and has very little thermic effect, while protein is hard to process and has a much larger thermic effect.

Factors that affect the thermic effect of food

The thermic effect of food is increased by both aerobic training of sufficient duration and intensity and by anaerobic weight training. However, the increase is marginal, amounting to 7-8 Calories per hour. The primary determinants of daily TEF are the total caloric content of the meals and the macronutrient composition of the meals ingested. Meal frequency has little to no effect on TEF; assuming total calorie intake for the days are equivalent.

Although some believe that TEF is reduced in obesity, discrepant results and inconsistent research methods have failed to validate such claims.

Types of foods

The thermic effect of food is the energy required for digestion, absorption, and disposal of ingested nutrients. Its magnitude depends on the composition of the food consumed:

• Carbohydrates: 5 to 15% of the energy consumed
• Protein: 20 to 35%
• Fats: at most 5 to 15 %

Raw celery and grapefruit are often claimed to have negative caloric balance (requiring more energy to digest than recovered from the food), presumably because the thermic effect is greater than the caloric content due to the high fibre matrix that must be unraveled to access their carbohydrates. However, there has been no research carried out to test this hypothesis and a significant amount of the thermic effect depends on the insulin sensitivity of the individual, with more insulin-sensitive individuals having a significant effect while individuals with increasing resistance have negligible to zero effects.

The Functional Food Centre at Oxford Brookes University conducted a study into the effects of chilli and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) on Diet Induced Thermogenesis (DIT). They concluded that "adding chilli and MCT to meals increases DIT by over 50 % which over time may accumulate to help induce weight loss and prevent weight gain or regain".

Australia's Human Nutrition conducted a study on the effect of meal content in lean women's diets on the thermic effect of food and found that the inclusion of an ingredient containing increased soluble fibre and amylose did not reduce spontaneous food intake but rather was associated with higher subsequent energy intakes despite its reduced glycaemic and insulinemic effects.

Measuring TEF

The thermic effect of food should be measured for greater than or equal to five hours.

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition published that TEF lasts beyond 6 hours for the majority of people.

Processed foods and TEF

Research has found that the thermic effect of food contributes to the fact that calories may not all be equal in terms of weight gain. In one study, seventeen subjects ate, on two different days, two bread-and-cheese sandwiches that were the same in terms of calories (the subjects were free to choose either 600 or 800 kcal meals), but one was ″whole food″ (a multi-grain bread, containing whole sunflower seeds and whole-grain kernels, with cheddar cheese), while the other was ″processed food″ (white bread and a processed cheese product). For each subject, the researchers measured the extra energy, beyond that due to the basal metabolic rate, that the subject expended in the six hours following the consumption of the meal; that energy divided by the energy content of the meal was (after multiplying by 100) reported as the percent DIT coefficient. The average percent DIT coefficient for the ″whole food″ sandwiches was (19.9±2.5)%, while for the ″processed food″ sandwiches, it was (10.7 ±1.7)%—a difference of a factor of 2. When the DIT values are subtracted from the total meal energy, it follows that the subjects obtained 9.7% more net energy from the ″processed-food″ meal than from the ″whole-food″ one.

References

Further reading

• What is the specific dynamic action (SDA) of foods?
• Glickman, N; Mitchell, HH (Jul 10, 1948). "The total specific dynamic action of high-protein and high-carbohydrate diets on human subjects." (PDF). The Journal of nutrition 36 (1): 41–57. PMID 18868796. 

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. ケトン食 the ketogenic diet
• 2. 食物アレルギーの臨床症状：概要 clinical manifestations of food allergy an overview
• 3. 小児のための菜食料理 vegetarian diets for children
• 4. 大腸癌長期生存患者へのアプローチ approach to the long term survivor of colorectal cancer
• 5. 成人における肥満：身体活動および運動の役割 obesity in adults role of physical activity and exercise

English Journal

• Protective effect of boswellic acids versus pioglitazone in a rat model of diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: influence on insulin resistance and energy expenditure.

• Zaitone SA1, Barakat BM, Bilasy SE, Fawzy MS, Abdelaziz EZ, Farag NE.
• Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology.Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol.2015 Jun;388(6):587-600. doi: 10.1007/s00210-015-1102-9. Epub 2015 Feb 24.
• Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely linked to insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and cytokine imbalance. Boswellic acids, a series of pentacyclic triterpene molecules that are produced by plants in the genus Boswellia, has been traditionally used for the treatment of a variety of
• PMID 25708949

• PPAR-α agonist elicits metabolically active brown adipocytes and weight loss in diet-induced obese mice.

• Rachid TL1, Penna-de-Carvalho A1, Bringhenti I1, Aguila MB1, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA1, Souza-Mello V1.
• Cell biochemistry and function.Cell Biochem Funct.2015 May 11. doi: 10.1002/cbf.3111. [Epub ahead of print]
• Obesity is considered a public health problem worldwide. Fenofibrate, a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR-α) agonist, elicits weight loss in animal models. This study aimed to examine the effects of fenofibrate on energy expenditure, body mass (BM) and gene expression of
• PMID 25959716

• Hepatic cyclooxygenase-2 expression protects against diet-induced steatosis, obesity, and insulin resistance.

• Francés DE1, Motiño O2, Agrá N2, González-Rodríguez Á3, Fernández-Álvarez A1, Cucarella C4, Mayoral R5, Castro-Sánchez L2, García-Casarrubios E2, Boscá L6, Carnovale CE1, Casado M7, Valverde ÁM8, Martín-Sanz P9.
• Diabetes.Diabetes.2015 May;64(5):1522-31. doi: 10.2337/db14-0979. Epub 2014 Nov 24.
• Accumulation evidence links obesity-induced inflammation as an important contributor to the development of insulin resistance, which plays a key role in the pathophysiology of obesity-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and -2 catalyz
• PMID 25422106

Japanese Journal

• Simultaneous multiple-subject analysis of respiratory gas exchange in humans

• Hirano Masami,Yamada Yosuke,Hibi Masanobu [他]
• The journal of physical fitness and sports medicine : JPFSM : official journal of the Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine 3(2), 269-279, 2014-05
• NAID 40020073632

• 脳による食物摂取の認知とアミノ酸恒常性維持の仕組みに関する研究:(平成25年度日本栄養・食糧学会学会賞受賞)

• 鳥居 邦夫
• 日本栄養・食糧学会誌 67(2), 65-72, 2014
• リジン欠乏の認知と適応の仕組みは, 視床下部外側野を中心に摂食や嗜好性の中枢の他に味覚や内臓感覚の入力野の延髄孤束核や迷走神経求心性線維で, リジンに鋭敏に応答する可塑性がアクチビンAにより生じることによる。加えてリジン特有の手がかり音, 味や匂い等の情報と連合して視床下部外側野ニューロンが応答する高次の可塑性も生じた。リジン欠乏ラットはリジンの定量的摂取を学習し, 恒常性を回復し食欲とタンパク質 …
• NAID 130003394987

• Human calorimetry: Energy expenditure and substrate utilization easurements using a respiratory chamber

• Hibi Masanobu,Ando Takafumi,Tanaka Shigeho [他],Tokuyama Kumpei
• The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine 2(1), 93-99, 2013
• … Analysis of human energy metabolism using a respiratory chamber provides information about the total energy expenditure (TEE), sleeping metabolic rate (SMR), resting metabolic rate, diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT), activity-induced thermogenesis (AIT), and substrate oxidation. …
• NAID 130003379948

Related Links

• Nutrition & Metabolism | Full text | Diet induced thermogenesis

Objective Daily energy expenditure consists of three components: basal metabolic rate, diet-induced thermogenesis and the energy cost of physical activity. Here, data on diet-induced thermogenesis are reviewed in relation ...

• Diet induced thermogenesis - National Center for ...

Objective Daily energy expenditure consists of three components: basal metabolic rate, diet-induced thermogenesis and the energy cost of physical activity. Here, data on diet-induced thermogenesis are reviewed in ...

---

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「食事誘導性熱産生能」
関連記事	「induce」「diet」「induced」「thermogenesis」「die」

「食事誘導性熱産生能」

　　[★]

英

diet-induced thermogenesis, DIT

「induce」

　　[★]

• v.

• 誘発する、誘導する、誘起する、導入する、引き起こす

関

cause、challenge、derivation、elicit、elicitation、evocation、evoke、guidance、induction、inductive、introduce、introduction、precipitate、provocation、provoke、spark

　 　 　 　 　 　

「diet」

　　[★]

• n.

• 食べ物、食事。食生活、食習慣。ダイエット、食事療法、治療食、規定食、節食

関

feeding, nutrition

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「induced」

　　[★]

• v.

• (induceの過去分詞)誘導される、引き起こされる

hypercalcaemia induced pancreatitis 高カルシウム血症による膵炎

　

「thermogenesis」

　　[★]

• n.

• 熱発生、産熱、熱産性、熱産生、高温発生

「die」

　　[★]

• v.

• 死ぬ