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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2019/06/15 14:45:23」(JST)

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Visual Basic is a third-generation event-driven programming language from Microsoft for its Component Object Model (COM) programming model first released in 1991 and declared legacy during 2008. Microsoft intended Visual Basic to be relatively easy to learn and use.^[1]^[2] Visual Basic was derived from BASIC and enables the rapid application development (RAD) of graphical user interface (GUI) applications, access to databases using Data Access Objects, Remote Data Objects, or ActiveX Data Objects, and creation of ActiveX controls and objects.

A programmer can create an application using the components provided by the Visual Basic program itself. Over time the community of programmers developed third-party components.^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7] Programs written in Visual Basic can also use the Windows API, which requires external function declarations.

The final release was version 6 in 1998 (now known simply as Visual Basic). On April 8, 2008, Microsoft stopped supporting Visual Basic 6.0 IDE. The Microsoft Visual Basic team still maintains compatibility for Visual Basic 6.0 applications on Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008 including R2, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012, Windows 10, Windows Server 2016, and Windows Server 2019 through its "It Just Works" program.^[8] In 2014, some software developers still preferred Visual Basic 6.0 over its successor, Visual Basic .NET.^[3]^[9] In 2014 some developers lobbied for a new version of the VB6 programming environment.^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13] In 2016, Visual Basic 6.0 won the technical impact award at The 19th Annual D.I.C.E. Awards.^[14]^[15]^[16] A dialect of Visual Basic, Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), is used as a macro or scripting language within several Microsoft applications, including Microsoft Office.^[17]

Language features

Like the BASIC programming language, Visual Basic was designed for an easy learning curve. Programmers can create both simple and complex GUI applications. Programming in VB is a combination of visually arranging components or controls on a form, specifying attributes and actions for those components, and writing additional lines of code for more functionality. Since VB defines default attributes and actions for the components, a programmer can develop a simple program without writing much code. Programs built with earlier versions suffered performance problems, but faster computers and native code compilation has made this less of an issue.^{[citation needed]} Though VB programs can be compiled into native code executables from version 5 on, they still require the presence of around 1 MB of runtime libraries. Core runtime libraries are included by default in Windows 2000 and later, but extended runtime components still have to be installed. Earlier versions of Windows (95/98/NT), require that the runtime libraries be distributed with the executable.

An empty form in Visual Basic 6

Forms are created using drag-and-drop techniques. A tool is used to place controls (e.g., text boxes, buttons, etc.) on the form (window). Controls have attributes and event handlers associated with them. Default values are provided when the control is created, but may be changed by the programmer. Many attribute values can be modified during run time based on user actions or changes in the environment, providing a dynamic application. For example, code can be inserted into the form resize event handler to reposition a control so that it remains centered on the form, expands to fill up the form, etc. By inserting code into the event handler for a keypress in a text box, the program can automatically translate the case of the text being entered, or even prevent certain characters from being inserted.

Visual Basic can create executables (EXE files), ActiveX controls, or DLL files, but is primarily used to develop Windows applications and to interface database systems. Dialog boxes with less functionality can be used to provide pop-up capabilities. Controls provide the basic functionality of the application, while programmers can insert additional logic within the appropriate event handlers. For example, a drop-down combination box automatically displays a list. When the user selects an element, an event handler is called that executes code that the programmer created to perform the action for that list item. Alternatively, a Visual Basic component can have no user interface, and instead provide ActiveX objects to other programs via Component Object Model (COM). This allows for server-side processing or an add-in module.

The runtime recovers unused memory using reference counting, which depends on variables passing out of scope or being set to Nothing, avoiding the problem of memory leaks that are possible in other languages. There is a large library of utility objects, and the language provides basic support for object-oriented programming. Unlike many other programming languages, Visual Basic is generally not case-sensitive—though it transforms keywords into a standard case configuration and forces the case of variable names to conform to the case of the entry in the symbol table. String comparisons are case sensitive by default. The Visual Basic compiler is shared with other Visual Studio languages (C, C++). Nevertheless, by default the restrictions in the IDE do not allow creation of some targets (Windows model DLLs) and threading models, but over the years, developers have bypassed these restrictions.

Characteristics

The code windows in Visual Basic, showing a function using the If, Then, Else and Dim statements.

Visual Basic builds upon the characteristics of BASIC.

There are no line numbers as in earlier BASIC, code is grouped into subroutines or methods: Sub...End Sub .
Code Statements have no terminating character other than a line ending (carriage return/line feed). Versions since at least VB 3.0 allowed that statements can be implicitly multi-line with concatenation of strings or explicitly using the underscore character (_) at the end of lines.^[18]^[19]
Code comments are done with a single apostrophe (') character. ' This is a comment
Looping statement blocks begin and end with keywords: Do...Loop, While...End While, For...Next .^[20]
Multiple variable assignment is not possible. A = B = C does not imply that the values of A, B and C are equal. The Boolean result of "Is B = C?" is stored in A. The result stored in A would therefore be either false or true.
Boolean constant True has numeric value −1.^[21] This is because the Boolean data type is stored as a two's complement signed integer. In this construct −1 evaluates to all-1s in binary (the Boolean value True), and 0 as all-0s (the Boolean value False). This is apparent when performing a (bitwise) Not operation on the two's complement value 0, which returns the two's complement value −1, in other words True = Not False. This inherent functionality becomes especially useful when performing logical operations on the individual bits of an integer such as And, Or, Xor and Not.^[22] This definition of True is also consistent with BASIC since the early 1970s Microsoft BASIC implementation and is also related to the characteristics of CPU instructions at the time.
Logical and bitwise operators are unified. This is unlike some C-derived languages (such as Perl), which have separate logical and bitwise operators. This again is a traditional feature of BASIC.
Variable array base. Arrays are declared by specifying the upper and lower bounds in a way similar to Pascal and Fortran. It is also possible to use the Option Base statement to set the default lower bound. Use of the Option Base statement can lead to confusion when reading Visual Basic code and is best avoided by always explicitly specifying the lower bound of the array. This lower bound is not limited to 0 or 1, because it can also be set by declaration. In this way, both the lower and upper bounds are programmable. In more subscript-limited languages, the lower bound of the array is not variable. This uncommon trait does exist in Visual Basic .NET but not in VBScript.

OPTION BASE was introduced by ANSI, with the standard for ANSI Minimal BASIC in the late 1970s.

Relatively strong integration with the Windows operating system and the Component Object Model. The native types for strings and arrays are the dedicated COM types, BSTR and SAFEARRAY.
Banker's rounding as the default behavior when converting real numbers to integers with the Round function.^[23] ? Round(2.5, 0) gives 2, ? Round(3.5, 0) gives 4.
Integers are automatically promoted to reals in expressions that involve the normal division operator (/) so that division of one integer by another produces the intuitively correct result. VB provides a specific integer divide operator (\) that does truncate.
By default, if a variable has not been declared or if no type declaration character is specified, the variable is of type Variant. However this can be changed with Deftype statements such as DefInt, DefBool, DefVar, DefObj, DefStr. There are 12 Deftype statements in total offered by Visual Basic 6.0. The default type may be overridden for a specific declaration by using a special suffix character on the variable name (# for Double, ! for Single, & for Long, % for Integer, $ for String, and @ for Currency) or using the key phrase As (type). VB can also be set in a mode that only explicitly declared variables can be used with the command Option Explicit.

History

Alan Cooper created the drag-and-drop design for the user interface of Visual Basic.

Visual Basic 1.0 was introduced in 1991. The drag and drop design for creating the user interface is derived from a prototype form generator developed by Alan Cooper and his company called Tripod.^[24]^[25]^[26] Microsoft contracted with Cooper and his associates to develop Tripod into a programmable form system for Windows 3.0, under the code name Ruby (no relation to the later Ruby programming language). Tripod did not include a programming language at all. Microsoft decided to combine Ruby with the Basic language to create Visual Basic. The Ruby interface generator provided the "visual" part of Visual Basic, and this was combined with the "EB" Embedded BASIC engine designed for Microsoft's abandoned "Omega" database system. Ruby also provided the ability to load dynamic link libraries containing additional controls (then called "gizmos"), which later became the VBX interface.^[27]

Timeline

Visual Basic for MS-DOS

VB DOS icon

1990s

Project 'basic Thunder' was initiated in 1990.^[28] Thunder persisted through to the last release of Visual Basic in the name of the primary internal function, "ThunderRTMain".
Visual Basic 1.0 (May 1991) was released for Windows at the Comdex/Windows World trade show in Atlanta, Georgia.
Visual Basic 1.0 for DOS was released in September 1992. The language itself was not quite compatible with Visual Basic for Windows, as it was the next version of Microsoft's DOS-based BASIC compilers, QuickBASIC and BASIC Professional Development System. The interface used a text user interface, using extended ASCII characters to simulate the appearance of a GUI.
Visual Basic 2.0 was released in November 1992. The programming environment was easier to use, and its speed was improved. Notably, forms became instantiable objects, thus laying the foundational concepts of class modules as were later offered in VB4.
Visual Basic 3.0 was released in the summer of 1993 and came in Standard and Professional versions. VB3 included version 1.1 of the Microsoft Jet Database Engine that could read and write Jet (or Access) 1.x databases.
Visual Basic 4.0 (August 1995) was the first version that could create 32-bit as well as 16-bit Windows programs. It has three editions; Standard, Professional, and Enterprise. It also introduced the ability to write non-GUI classes in Visual Basic. With VB4 the language was separated from the GUI library, and made available as VBA, in which form it was embedded with the Office 95 suite. To ease migration of Office macros and scripts, features from WordBasic, Excel Basic and Access Basic were incorporated into the language. Incompatibilities between different releases of VB4 caused installation and operation problems. While previous versions of Visual Basic had used VBX controls, Visual Basic now used OLE controls (with files names ending in .OCX) instead. These were later to be named ActiveX controls.
With version 5.0 (February 1997), Microsoft released Visual Basic exclusively for 32-bit versions of Windows. Programmers who preferred to write 16-bit programs were able to import programs written in Visual Basic 4.0 to Visual Basic 5.0, and Visual Basic 5.0 programs can easily be converted to Visual Basic 4.0. Visual Basic 5.0 also introduced the ability to create custom user controls, as well as the ability to compile to native Windows executable code, speeding up calculation-intensive code execution. A free, downloadable Control Creation Edition was also released for creation of ActiveX controls. It was also used as an introductory form of Visual Basic: a regular .exe project could be created and run in the IDE, but not compiled.
Visual Basic 6.0 (Mid-1998) improved in a number of areas^[29] including the ability to create web-based applications.

2000s

Visual Basic 6.0 extended support ended in March 2008; however, primary components of the Visual Basic 6 development environment run in all 32-bit versions of Windows up to and including 8.1.^{[citation needed]}
Mainstream Support for Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 ended on March 31, 2005. Extended support ended in March 2008.^[30] In response, the Visual Basic user community expressed its concern and lobbied users to sign a petition to keep the product alive, to no avail.^[10]

Derivative languages

Microsoft has developed derivatives of Visual Basic for use in scripting. Visual Basic itself is derived heavily from BASIC, and subsequently has been replaced with a .NET platform version.

Some of the derived languages are:

Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) is included in many Microsoft applications (Microsoft Office), and also in many third-party products like SolidWorks, AutoCAD, WordPerfect Office 2002, ArcGIS, Sage 300 ERP, and Business Objects Desktop Intelligence. There are small inconsistencies in the way VBA is implemented in different applications, but it is largely the same language as Visual Basic 6.0 and uses the same runtime library. Visual Basic development ended with 6.0, but in 2010 Microsoft introduced VBA 7 to provide extended features and add 64-bit support.^[31]
VBScript is the default language for Active Server Pages. It can be used in Windows scripting and client-side web page scripting. It resembles VB in syntax, but is a separate language—executed by vbscript.dll instead of the VB runtime. ASP and VBScript should not be confused with ASP.NET, which uses the .NET Framework for compiled web pages.
Visual Basic .NET is Microsoft's designated successor to Visual Basic 6.0, and is part of Microsoft's .NET platform. Visual Basic .NET compiles and runs using the .NET Framework. It is not backwards compatible with Visual Basic 6.0. An automated conversion tool exists, but fully automated conversion for most projects is impossible.^[32]
OpenOffice Basic is a Visual Basic compatible interpreter that originated in StarOffice office suite.
Gambas is a Visual Basic inspired free software programming language for the Linux operating system. It is not a clone of Visual Basic, but it does have the ability to convert Visual Basic programs to Gambas.
WinWrap Basic is a third-party VBA variant used with various software, and available for programmers to use to build a macro facility into their programs.
LotusScript is a VBA variant available in Lotus SmartSuite and Lotus Notes.
Later versions of Corel WordPerfect Office implement access to VBA as one of the macro/scripting languages, the other major ones being CorelScript and PerfectScript
Earlier versions of Microsoft Word use a variant of Visual Basic called WordBasic

Performance and other issues

Earlier versions of Visual Basic (prior to version 5) compiled the code to P-Code only. The P-Code is interpreted by the language runtime. The benefits of P-Code include portability and smaller binary file sizes, but it usually slows down the execution, since having a runtime adds an additional layer of interpretation. Visual Basic applications require Microsoft Visual Basic runtime MSVBVMxx.DLL, where xx is the relevant version number, either 50 or 60. MSVBVM60.dll comes as standard with Windows in all editions from Windows 98 to Windows 7 (some editions of Windows 7 do not include it). A Windows 95 machine would however require inclusion with the installer of whichever DLL was needed by the program. Visual Basic 5 and 6 can compile code to either native or P-Code but in either case the runtime is still required for built in functions and forms management.

Criticisms levelled at Visual Basic editions prior to VB.NET include:^[33]

Versioning problems associated with various runtime DLLs, known as "DLL hell"
Poor support for object-oriented programming^[34]
Can only create multi-threaded applications using ActiveX or DLL
Variant types have a greater performance and storage "overhead" than strongly typed programming languages
Dependency on complex and fragile Component Object Model (COM) Registry entries^[35]

Legacy development and support

All versions of the Visual Basic development environment from 1.0 to 6.0 were retired by Microsoft by 2008, and are therefore no longer supported. The associated runtime environments are also unsupported, except for the Visual Basic 6 core runtime environment, which Microsoft officially supports for the lifetime of Windows 8^[36] and Windows 10.^[37] Third party components that shipped with Visual Studio 6.0 are not included in this support statement. Some legacy Visual Basic components may still work on newer platforms, despite being unsupported by Microsoft and other vendors. Documentation for Visual Basic 6.0, its application programming interface and tools is best covered in the last MSDN release before Visual Studio.NET 2002. Later releases of MSDN focused on .NET development and had significant parts of the Visual Basic 6.0 programming documentation removed as the language evolved, and support for older code ended. Although vendor support for Visual Basic 6 has ended, and the product has never been supported on the latest versions of Windows, key parts of the environment still work on newer platforms. It is possible to get a subset of the development environment working on 32-bit and 64-bit versions of Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, and Windows 10.^[38]

Example code

The following code snippet displays a message box saying "Hello, World!" as the window loads:

Private Sub Form_Load()
    ' Execute a simple message box that says "Hello, World!"
    MsgBox "Hello, World!"
End Sub

This snippet makes a counter that moves up 1 every second (a label and a timer control need to be added to the form for this to work) until the form is closed or an integer overflow occurs:

Option Explicit
Dim Count As Integer
Private Sub Form_Load()
    Count = 0
    Timer1.Interval = 1000 ' units of milliseconds
End Sub
Private Sub Timer1_Timer()
    Count = Count + 1
    Label1.Caption = Count
End Sub

References

^ Root, Randal; Romero Sweeney, Mary (2006). A tester's guide to .NET programming. Apress. p. 3. ISBN 978-1-59059-600-5. You can choose a language based on how easy it is to learn. For beginners, Visual Basic is a good choice. [~snip] A big advantage of Visual Basic is that it is a popular language since it is easy to learn.
^ Plant, Robert T.; Murrell, Stephen (2007). An executive's guide to information technology. Cambridge University Press. p. 343. ISBN 978-0-521-85336-1. Summary of positive issues: Visual Basic is easy to learn and widely available.
^ ^a ^b ISpliter. "Visual Basic 6.0: A giant more powerful than ever". CodeProject.com. Retrieved 3 April 2014.
^ violent, ken. "vkControls : 16 GRAPHICALS usercontrols ! NEVER SEEN before !". PSC. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
^ Krool. "CommonControls (Replacement of the MS common controls)". VBForums. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
^ PSC. "Visual Basic 6.0 third party components for modern standards (a review)". Planet Source Code. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
^ Jeff, Martin. "Visual Basic 6 Renewed to Run on Windows 8". INFOQ. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
^ "Support Statement for Visual Basic 6.0 on Windows (updated with Windows 10 version 1709 support information)". Microsoft. Retrieved 2015-10-15.
^ Richard, Grigonis. "Where Is the Successor to Visual Basic?". Thursday, 27 Mar 2014 03:20 PM. INFOQ. Retrieved 8 April 2014.
^ ^a ^b "A Petition for the Development of Unmanaged Visual Basic and Visual Basic for Applications". Archived from the original on 24 October 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2009.
^ J, Roxe. "An Open Letter to the Community". MSDN WebLog. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
^ Dan, Mabbutt. "Should Microsoft be sued for dropping support for VB 6?". about.com. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
^ "Developers call for Microsoft to bring back Visual Basic". computerweekly.com.
^ AIAS. "2nd Technical Impact Winner Microsoft Visual Basic". www.interactive.org. Retrieved 2016-02-29.
^ "Visual Basic 6.0 - Superior Code awards (2014 - 2024): VISUAL BASIC wins the technical impact award at The 19th Annual D.I.C.E. Awards (2016)". vb6awards.blogspot.com. Retrieved 2016-02-29.
^ "United Front Gaming > Microsoft to Receive Technical Impact Award at D.I.C.E Awards!". www.unitedfrontgaming.com. Retrieved 2016-02-29.
^ "VBA for Office Developers". Microsoft.
^ Microsoft Visual Basic Programmer's Guide Version 3.0 - Microsoft Corporation 1993
^ Visual Studio.NET Lexical Grammar - Microsoft.com Reference Visual Basic Language
^ Loop Structures (Visual Basic) - Microsoft.com Visual Basic Programming Guide. Last updated December 4, 2017
^ In most languages, True is mapped to a non-zero numeric value, often 1 or -1.
^ "Microsoft Basic Logical Expression Evaluation". Vb.mvps.org. Retrieved 2009-06-16.
^ "PRB: Round Function different in VBA 6 and Excel Spreadsheet". Microsoft Support. Archived from the original on 2013-10-29. Retrieved 2014-01-25.
^ Cooper, Alan (22 April 1996). "Why I am "the father of Visual Basic"". Retrieved 8 March 2017.
^ "Alan Cooper Receiving the Windows Pioneer Award 1994". YouTube. September 23, 2010. Event occurs at 4:25Bill Gates: "A lot of people have called you the father of Visual Basic. What do you think about that?"
^ Lohr, Steve (2008). Go To: The Story of the Math Majors, Bridge Players, Engineers, Chess Wizards, Maverick Scientists, and Ico (revised ed.). Basic Books. p. 96. ISBN 9780786730766. Cooper ... gained industry recognition as the "Father of Visual Basic." (Microsoft's lawyers once sent Cooper a cease-and-desist order, demanding that he stop using that title. But after Cooper complained, Gates patched things up and even lauded him as a "Windows Pioneer" at an industry conference.)
^ "The Birth of Visual Basic". Rian " Petot " Danao I <3 19
^ George, Mack. "History of Visual Basic". June 2002. George Mack, 3rd edition, Copyright June 2002. Retrieved 10 April 2014.
^ www.insteptech.com (2005-07-22). "What's new in VB6?". www.insteptech.com.
^ "Product Family Life Cycle Guidelines for Visual Basic 6.0". Msdn2.microsoft.com. 2005-03-31. Retrieved 2009-06-16.
^ "Compatibility Between the 32-bit and 64-bit Versions of Office 2010". Microsoft Corporation. Retrieved 16 July 2012.
^ Piquet, Lori (2002-02-20). "Abandoning the Fantasy of VB Migration Wizardry". DevX.com. Jupitermedia. Retrieved 2007-05-17.
^ Alex Homer; Dave Sussman; Rob Howard; Brian Francis; Karli Watson; Richard Anderson (2004). Professional ASP.NET 1.1. Wiley. p. 71. ISBN 0-7645-5890-0. Retrieved 2008-10-08.
^ Marc D'Aoust (December 2000). "Avoid Writing Tedious, Boring Code". Microsoft. Retrieved 2008-11-10.
^ Andrew Troelsen (2008). Pro VB 2008 and the .NET 3.5 Platform: The expert's voice in .NET. Apress. p. 5. ISBN 1-59059-822-9.
^ Platt, David (2012-06-01). "Don't Get Me Started – The Silent Majority: Why Visual Basic 6 Still Thrives". MSDN Magazine. Retrieved 2012-06-09.
^ Denning, Adam (2015-06-22). "Getting ready for Windows 10 – SDKs, compatibility, bridges". Building Apps for Windows blog. Retrieved 2015-08-02.
^ Dan, Brust, (14 September 2015). "Installing Visual Basic/Studio 6 on Windows 10". danbrust.net.

External links

Visual Basic 6.0 Resource Center
Secure your Visual Basic 6.0 investment with Microsoft .NET: Migrating from Visual Basic 6.0 to Visual Basic 2008
Visual Basic 6 Renewed to Run on Windows 8

English Journal

Severity of hot flushes is inversely associated with dietary intake of vitamin B and oily fish.

Odai T, Terauchi M, Hirose A, Kato K, Akiyoshi M, Miyasaka N.
Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society. 2019 May;()1-5.
This study investigated the links between the severity of vasomotor symptoms (VMS) and the dietary consumption of a variety of nutrients. A cross-sectional analysis of the first-visit records of 262 women aged 40-65 years was conducted. The severity of their hot flushes (HF) and night sweats (NS)
PMID 31104511

Pyridoxine (VB ) restores the down-regulation of serine palmitoyltransferase mRNA expression in keratinocytes cultured in highly oxidative conditions through enhancement of the intracellular antioxidant system.

Mizutani T, Yamawaki Y, Okano Y, Masaki H.
Experimental dermatology. 2019 Feb;28 Suppl 1()43-49.
Pyridoxine (VB ), which acts as a coenzyme in the biosynthesis of niacin, is formulated in pharmaceuticals to treat skin roughness. However, the mechanism of action of VB is not known precisely. This study was conducted to clarify the influence of highly oxidative conditions on the expression of ski
PMID 30698872

Lactoferrin Induces the Synthesis of Vitamin B6 and Protects HUVEC Functions by Activating PDXP and the PI3K/AKT/ERK1/2 Pathway.

Li H, Wang Y, Yang H, Liu L, Wang J, Zheng N.
International journal of molecular sciences. 2019 Jan;20(3).
As a nutritional active protein in foods, multiple studies of the biological activities of lactoferrin had been undertaken, including antioxidant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antibiosis, and antiparasitic effects, while the mechanism related with its protection of cardiovascular system
PMID 30704032

Japanese Journal

A case of vitamin B<sub>6</sub>-responsive West syndrome caused by severe traumatic brain injury

Inoue Takushi,Akiyama Tomoyuki,Hanaoka Yoshiyuki,Oka Makio,Kobayashi Katsuhiro
Epilepsy & Seizure 10(1), 114-119, 2018
… (VB6) treatment is one of the therapeutic options for West syndrome (WS), particularly for cases without cerebral lesions. … The effects of VB6 in patients with brain pathologies, however, may shed light on its presently unknown mechanisms of action for WS. … We herein report an infant with WS caused by a very severe brain injury mainly involving the left temporal lobe, who responded dramatically to pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP), the active form of VB6. …
NAID 130007587425

新しくなった地理情報分析支援システム「MANDARA10」の特徴

谷謙二
日本地理学会発表要旨集 2017s(0), 100020, 2017
… 当初はNECのPC-9801専用で、MS-DOS上のN88-BASICで動作していたが、1996年にはVisual Basic4.0を用いたWindows95版に移行し、さらに1999年にWindows98に対応したVisual Basic6.0（以下VB6）にプログラムを移行した。 … 2000年以降は、時間属性の付加（2002年）緯度経度の地図ファイルへの対応（2007年) 、集成オブジェクトの作成（2008年)等、様々な機能を追加してきたが、開発言語はVB6のままであった。 …
NAID 130005635568

飼料学(109)Ⅸ ビタミン (vitamin V)

松井徹,石橋晃
畜産の研究 68(4), 475-480, 2014-04
… 家畜にはVB1，VB2，ナイアシン，VB6，VB12，葉酸，ビオチン，パントテン酸にコリンを加えた9種の水溶性ビタミンがある。 …
NAID 120005862211

Related Pictures

download for vb6.0 | micro-blog.info Gif Player ActiveX with Full Source in VB6 the VB6 IDE | Visual Basic 6 (VB6 Embedding of VB6 form in .NET applications Setting the project Properties dialog. On the dll as well as the sample vb6 program vb6 download free vb6 code accounting VB6 Creating a Flash Like Interface using

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「アスパラギン酸アミノトランスフェラーゼ」
関連記事	「V」

「アスパラギン酸アミノトランスフェラーゼ」

Visual Basic
	Visual Basic 6.0 IDE on Windows XP
Paradigm	Object-based and Event-driven
Developer	Microsoft
First appeared	1991; 28 years ago
Stable release	6.0 / 1998; 21 years ago
Typing discipline	Static, strong
OS	Microsoft Windows and MS-DOS
Website	msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms788229.aspx
Major implementations
	Microsoft Visual Studio
Influenced by
	BASIC
Influenced
	Visual Basic .NET, Gambas, Xojo, Basic4ppc and NS Basic

　　[★]

英: aspartate aminotransferase, AST
同: グルタミン酸オキサロ酢酸トランスアミナーゼ glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase GOT
関: ALT。s-AST、m-AST、ASTアイソザイム、マクロAST

SOLP　→ AST = GOT, ALT = GPT

アスパラギン酸(L-aspartate)＋2-オキソグルタル酸(2-oxoglutarate)＝オキサロ酢酸(oxaloacetate)＋グルタミン酸(L-glutamate)
補酵素：ピリドキサルリン酸（VB6)

分布

ほぼ全ての臓器組織細胞中に分布。特に心臓，肝臓，骨格筋に多い。　(⇔ALTは肝臓に特に多い)

基質

基質特異性は広く，アミノ基受容体にα-ケトグルタル酸を用いると大抵のアミノ酸に作用して脱アミノする。
アラニンには作用しない

酵素

http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P17174

EC 2.6.1.1。
分子量46,248Da

基準値

12-38 U/L(HIM A-3)

意義

急性の肝疾患で高値となる(半減期の短さを反映)。アルコール性の肝疾患や肝硬変でも高値となる。
アルコール性肝疾患
アルコール性脂肪肝
肝硬変、肝癌：慢性肝炎から肝硬変・管癌に進行するとALT優位(AST<ALT)からAST優位(AST>ALT)(特に肝細胞癌ではAST>>ALT)と変化し、値が低下する (LAB.1360)
心筋梗塞、溶血、ショック

	AST	ALT
含有量	3	1
局在	心筋、肝臓、骨格筋、腎臓赤血球	肝臓、腎臓、心臓、骨格筋
逸脱しやすさ	逸脱しにくい	逸脱しやすい
血中半減期	2日	6日
肝小葉内の分泌	中心静脈	辺縁

http://hobab.fc2web.com/sub4-AST.htm

「V」

　　[★]

[1] Root, Randal; Romero Sweeney, Mary (2006). A tester's guide to .NET programming. Apress. p. 3. ISBN 978-1-59059-600-5. You can choose a language based on how easy it is to learn. For beginners, Visual Basic is a good choice. [~snip] A big advantage of Visual Basic is that it is a popular language since it is easy to learn.

[2] Plant, Robert T.; Murrell, Stephen (2007). An executive's guide to information technology. Cambridge University Press. p. 343. ISBN 978-0-521-85336-1. Summary of positive issues: Visual Basic is easy to learn and widely available.

[ISpliter-3] ISpliter. "Visual Basic 6.0: A giant more powerful than ever". CodeProject.com. Retrieved 3 April 2014.

[4] violent, ken. "vkControls : 16 GRAPHICALS usercontrols ! NEVER SEEN before !". PSC. Retrieved 5 April 2014.

[5] Krool. "CommonControls (Replacement of the MS common controls)". VBForums. Retrieved 5 April 2014.

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[8] "Support Statement for Visual Basic 6.0 on Windows (updated with Windows 10 version 1709 support information)". Microsoft. Retrieved 2015-10-15.

[9] Richard, Grigonis. "Where Is the Successor to Visual Basic?". Thursday, 27 Mar 2014 03:20 PM. INFOQ. Retrieved 8 April 2014.

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v t e Dialects of the BASIC programming language (list)
Classic	Altair BASIC Applesoft BASIC Atari BASIC Atari 2600 BASIC Atari Microsoft BASIC Atari ST BASIC BASICA BASIC A+ BASIC XE BASIC XL Casio BASIC Chipmunk Basic Color BASIC Commodore BASIC Extended Color BASIC Dartmouth BASIC Disk Extended Color BASIC Family BASIC GFA BASIC GW-BASIC HP BASIC for OpenVMS HP Time-Shared BASIC IBM BASIC Integer BASIC Locomotive BASIC Mallard BASIC Microsoft BASIC MSX BASIC Pure Basic Rocky Mountain BASIC S'-BASIC (Tandy, Casio, Sharp Pocket Computers) ScriptBasic Sinclair BASIC Southampton BASIC System STOS BASIC TI BASIC (TI 99/4A) TI-BASIC (calculators) TI Extended BASIC (aka XBasic) Tiny BASIC Turbo-Basic XL Tymshare SUPER BASIC UBASIC Vilnius BASIC XBasic
Procedure-oriented	AmigaBASIC AMOS BASIC ASIC BBC BASIC Beta BASIC DarkBASIC FreeBASIC FutureBASIC GFA BASIC GLBasic Liberty BASIC Microsoft Small Basic PowerBASIC PureBasic QBasic QB64 QuickBASIC SmallBASIC SuperBASIC ThinBasic True BASIC Turbo Basic XBasic Xblite Basic4ppc Visual Test B4J
With object extensions	AutoIt Basic For Qt (KBasic) BlitzMax Chipmunk Basic FreeBASIC Gambas GLBasic Monkey X OpenOffice Basic PowerBASIC ProvideX RapidQ REALbasic Run BASIC Visual Basic Visual Basic .NET Xojo
For mobile devices	B4X Basic4android (B4A) Basic4ppc GLBasic NS Basic Basic4ios (B4i)
Microsoft	Microsoft BASIC MBASIC IBM BASIC/BASICA GW-BASIC QuickBASIC QBasic VBScript Visual Basic VBA Visual Basic .NET Embedded Visual Basic VB 5 for Microsoft Excel 5.0 VSTO VSTA WordBASIC TRS-80 Basics (Level I, Level II, Level III) Microsoft Small Basic
Third-party VB-like	B4X Basic For Qt Gambas Hummingbird Basic LotusScript WinWrapBasic Xojo
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