WordNet

undergo a test; "She doesnt test well"
any standardized procedure for measuring sensitivity or memory or intelligence or aptitude or personality etc; "the test was standardized on a large sample of students" (同)mental test, mental testing, psychometric test
the act of undergoing testing; "he survived the great test of battle"; "candidates must compete in a trial of skill" (同)trial
the act of testing something; "in the experimental trials the amount of carbon was measured separately"; "he called each flip of the coin a new trial" (同)trial, run
a hard outer covering as of some amoebas and sea urchins
put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to; "This approach has been tried with good results"; "Test this recipe" (同)prove, try, try out, examine, essay
achieve a certain score or rating on a test; "She tested high on the LSAT and was admitted to all the good law schools"
determine the presence or properties of (a substance)
show a certain characteristic when tested; "He tested positive for HIV"
an examination of the characteristics of something; "there are laboratories for commercial testing"; "it involved testing thousands of children for smallpox"
the act of subjecting to experimental test in order to determine how well something works; "they agreed to end the testing of atomic weapons"
the 18th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)r
tested and proved useful or correct; "a tested method" (同)tried, well-tried
tested and proved to be reliable (同)time-tested, tried, tried and true

PrepTutorEJDIC

(人の能力などの)『試験』,考査,テスト / (物事の)『試験』,検済,試錬,実験《+of+名》 / 化学分析;試薬 / =test match / …‘を'『試験する』,検査する / …‘を'化学分析する / (…の)試験を受ける,試験をする《+for+名》
resistance / 17歳以下父兄同伴映画の表示 / rook

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/07/20 22:27:19」(JST)

wiki en

Treponema pallidum, the bacterium that causes syphilis.

Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) refers to a type of test that looks for non-specific antibodies in the blood of the patient that may indicate that the organism (Treponema pallidum) that causes syphilis is present. The term "reagin" means that this test does not look for antibodies against the actual bacterium, but rather for antibodies against substances released by cells when they are damaged by T. pallidum.

In addition to screening for syphilis, an RPR level (also called a "titer") can be used to track the progress of the disease over time and its response to therapy.

Accuracy[edit]

The RPR test is an effective screening test, as it is very good at detecting people without symptoms who are affected by syphilis. However the test may suggest that people have syphilis who in reality do not (i.e., it may produce false positives). False positives can be seen in viral infections (Epstein-Barr, hepatitis, varicella, measles), lymphoma, tuberculosis, malaria, endocarditis, connective tissue disease, pregnancy, autoimmune diseases, intravenous drug abuse, or contamination. It can also occur naturally in the elderly.^[1] As a result, these two screening tests should always be followed up by a more specific treponemal test. Tests based on monoclonal antibodies and immunofluorescence, including Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA) and Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody Absorption (FTA-ABS) are more specific and more expensive. Unfortunately, false positives can still occur in related treponomal infections such as yaws and pinta. Tests based on enzyme-linked immunoassays are also used to confirm the results of simpler screening tests for syphilis.

Alternatives[edit]

Another test often used to screen for syphilis is the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory VDRL slide test. However, the RPR test is generally preferred due to its ease of use.

Other types of tests are currently being evaluated as possible alternatives to, or as replacements for, the rapid plasma reagin test. One of these alternatives is an immunochromatographic strip test. A study published in February 2006^[2] found that this test outperformed the RPR test in values of sensitivity and specificity, and it does not require a laboratory to process the results.

Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody Absorption Test is the most specific test for syphilis. If this is positive it confirms the diagnosis.

References[edit]

^ Pickering, Larry K., ed. (2006). "Syphilis". Red Book: 2006 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. American Academy of Pediatrics. pp. 631–644. ISBN 1581101945. OCLC 70819143.
^ Montoya PJ, Lukehart SA, Brentlinger PE, et al. (February 2006). "Comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of a rapid immunochromatographic test and the rapid plasma reagin test for antenatal syphilis screening in Mozambique". Bull. World Health Organ. 84 (2): 97–104. doi:10.1590/S0042-96862006000200009. PMC 2626525. PMID 16501726.

Jameson JN, Kasper DL, Harrison TR, Braunwald E, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Longo DL (2005). Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine (16th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division. ISBN 0-07-140235-7.
Sacher, Ronald A.; McPherson, Richard A.; Campos, Joseph M.; Widmann, Frances K. (2000). Widmann's Clinical Interpretation of Laboratory Tests (2nd ed.). Davis. ISBN 978-0-8036-0270-0. OCLC 42890290.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 梅毒の診断的検査 diagnostic testing for syphilis
2. 妊娠中の梅毒 syphilis in pregnancy
3. 先天梅毒：評価、マネージメント、および予防 congenital syphilis evaluation management and prevention
4. 梅毒治療を受けている患者の臨床検査モニタリング laboratory monitoring of patients undergoing treatment for syphilis
5. 早期梅毒の病因、臨床症状、および治療 pathogenesis clinical manifestations and treatment of early syphilis

English Journal

[Seroprevalence of infectious markers among blood donors in Niamey (Niger).]

Mayaki Z, Dardenne N, Kabo R, Moutschen M, Sondag D, Albert A, Gérard C.SourceCentre national de transfusion sanguine, BP 2399, Niamey, Niger. Electronic address: mzoubeida@yahoo.fr.
Revue d'epidemiologie et de sante publique.Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique.2013 Apr 30. pii: S0398-7620(13)00217-4. doi: 10.1016/j.respe.2012.12.018. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND: The study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of transfusion-transmitted infectious (TTI) markers for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV, HCV) and syphilis among blood donors in Niamey (Niger). The association between seroprevalence of ITT markers and so
PMID 23642899

Clinical Case Seminar: Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus secondary to syphilis infection.

Zhou J, Hu C, Zheng F, Cheng H, Xuan J, Li H.Source1Department of Endocrinology.
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.J Clin Endocrinol Metab.2013 Apr 22. [Epub ahead of print]
Context:Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is caused by partial or complete renal resistance to the effects of antidiuretic hormone. Acquired NDI can be caused by electrolyte imbalances (e.g., hypercalcemia), renal/extra-renal diseases (e.g., chronic pyelonephritis) and drugs (e.g., lithium toxici
PMID 23609837

Japanese Journal

自動分析装置用に適用可能な梅毒抗リン脂質抗体測定用ラテックス試薬「メディエースRPR」と従来法との比較について

糸島浩一,宮川政子,桂由美,小野啓子,亀井成美,岡田健,小出典男
医学検査 : 日本臨床衛生検査技師会誌 = The Japanese journal of medical technology 60(2), 112-119, 2011-02-25
NAID 10030458129

非ウイルス性感染症梅毒血清反応(STS,FTA-ABS法,IgM-FTA-ABS法,TPHA法) (広範囲血液・尿化学検査免疫学的検査(第7版・3)その数値をどう読むか) -- (免疫学的検査感染症関連検査(抗原および抗体を含む))

本田まりこ
日本臨床 68(-) (980), 142-146, 2010-06
NAID 40017181729

口角部硬性下疳を伴った梅毒性頸部リンパ節炎の2例

上野泰宏,神部芳則,宮城徳人,草間幹夫
日本口腔外科学会雑誌 53(8), 486-489, 2007-08-20
… Serological examinationrevealed elevated RPR (3+), TPHA test (2+), and FTA-ABS test (+) values.Cervical lymphadenitis dueto primary syphilis was diagnosed. … Serological examinations revealed elevated TPHA test (2+) and FTA-ABStest (+) values. …
NAID 10019529420

Related Pictures

RPR test: Principle, Procedure, Result interpretation and Application Inova Diagnostics Biokit Select RPR Rapid Test - Lighthouse Medical RPR Test Kit (100T/250T/500T) - Rapid Labs mltshiksha.blogspot.com: VDRL/RPR Test RPR test :Principle,Procedure, Result Interpretation and Limitations Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) Test Cure su Herpes Rapida y eficazmente: Rpr test rpr test - Liberal Dictionary