rapid plasma reagin

同

RPR test

WordNet

1. talk volubly
2. genre of African-American music of the 1980s and 1990s in which rhyming lyrics are chanted to a musical accompaniment; several forms of rap have emerged (同)rap music, hip-hop
3. a gentle blow (同)strike, tap
4. voluble conversation
5. strike sharply; "rap him on the knuckles" (同)knap
6. perform rap music
7. (physical chemistry) a fourth state of matter distinct from solid or liquid or gas and present in stars and fusion reactors; a gas becomes a plasma when it is heated until the atoms lose all their electrons, leaving a highly electrified collection of nuclei and free electrons; "particles in space exist in the form of a plasma"
8. a green slightly translucent variety of chalcedony used as a gemstone
9. the colorless watery fluid of the blood and lymph that contains no cells, but in which the blood cells (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes) are suspended (同)plasm, blood_plasma
10. done or occurring in a brief period of time; "a rapid rise through the ranks"
11. a part of a river where the current is very fast
12. characterized by speed; moving with or capable of moving with high speed; "a rapid movement"; "a speedy car"; "a speedy errand boy" (同)speedy
13. an immunoglobulin E that is formed as an antibody against allergens (such as pollen); attaches to cell membranes causing the release of histamine and other substances responsible for the local inflammation characteristic of an allergy

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (…を)『コツン』(『トン』)『とたたくこと』(『音』)《+『on』(『at』)+『名』》 / 《話》(人のしたことに対する)非難,とがめ《+『for』+『名』》 / 《俗》おしゃべり / …‘を'コツン(トン)とたたく / 〈命令など〉‘を'びしゃりと言う《+『out』+『名』,+『名』+『out』》 / (…を)コツン(トン)とたたく《+『at』(on)+『名』》 / 《俗》互いに気持ちよく話す・〔俗〕 非難（する）; 叱る; 〔俗〕 告訴［処罰，逮捕］（する）; 〔俗〕 おしゃべり（する）; 〔米俗〕 ラップ（ミュージック）; 〔米俗〕 ラップで歌う・「take the rap」で「甘んじて罰を受ける」
2. 少しも(…しない)
3. (また『blood plasma』)血漿,リンパ漿 / 原形質
4. 『速い』,『すばやい』,敏速な / (坂などが)急な,険しい / 急流,早瀬

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/09/13 08:01:37」(JST)

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Treponema pallidum, the bacterium that causes syphilis.

The Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) refers to a type of rapid diagnostic test that looks for non-specific antibodies in the blood of the patient that may indicate that the organism (Treponema pallidum) that causes syphilis is present. The term "reagin" means that this test does not look for antibodies against the actual bacterium, but rather for antibodies against substances released by cells when they are damaged by T. pallidum.

In addition to screening for syphilis, an RPR level (also called a "titer") can be used to track the progress of the disease over time and its response to therapy.

Accuracy

The RPR test is an effective screening test, as it is very good at detecting people without symptoms who are affected by syphilis. However the test may suggest that people have syphilis who in reality do not (i.e., it may produce false positives). False positives can be seen in viral infections (Epstein-Barr, hepatitis, varicella, measles), lymphoma, tuberculosis, malaria, endocarditis, connective tissue disease, pregnancy, autoimmune diseases, intravenous drug abuse, or contamination. It can also occur naturally in the elderly. As a result, these two screening tests should always be followed up by a more specific treponemal test. Tests based on monoclonal antibodies and immunofluorescence, including Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA) and Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody Absorption (FTA-ABS) are more specific and more expensive. Unfortunately, false positives can still occur in related treponomal infections such as yaws and pinta. Tests based on enzyme-linked immunoassays are also used to confirm the results of simpler screening tests for syphilis.

Alternatives

Another test often used to screen for syphilis is the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory VDRL slide test. However, the RPR test is generally preferred due to its ease of use.

Other types of tests are currently being evaluated as possible alternatives to, or as replacements for, the rapid plasma reagin test. One of these alternatives is an immunochromatographic strip test. A study published in February 2006 found that this test outperformed the RPR test in values of sensitivity and specificity, and it does not require a laboratory to process the results.

Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody Absorption Test is the most specific test for syphilis. If this is positive it confirms the diagnosis.

References

• Jameson JN, Kasper DL, Harrison TR, Braunwald E, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Longo DL (2005). Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine (16th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division. ISBN 0-07-140235-7. 
• Sacher, Ronald A.; McPherson, Richard A.; Campos, Joseph M.; Widmann, Frances K. (2000). Widmann's Clinical Interpretation of Laboratory Tests (2nd ed.). Davis. ISBN 978-0-8036-0270-0. OCLC 42890290. 

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 梅毒の診断的検査 diagnostic testing for syphilis
• 2. HIV感染患者における性器単純ヘルペスウイルスの疫学、臨床症状、および診断 epidemiology clinical manifestations and diagnosis of genital herpes simplex virus in hiv infected patients
• 3. 先天梅毒：評価、管理、および予防 congenital syphilis evaluation management and prevention
• 4. 神経梅毒 neurosyphilis
• 5. 妊娠中の梅毒 syphilis in pregnancy

English Journal

• Risk Factors Associated with False Positive HIV Test Results in a Low-Risk Urban Obstetric Population.

• Chao TT, Sheffield JS, Wendel GD Jr, Ansari MQ, McIntire DD, Roberts SW.SourceDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9032, USA.
• Journal of pregnancy.J Pregnancy.2012;2012:841979. Epub 2011 Aug 11.
• Objective. To examine risk factors for false positive HIV enzyme immunoassay (EIA) testing at delivery. Study Design. A review of pregnant women who delivered at Parkland Hospital between 2005 and 2008 was performed. Patients routinely received serum HIV EIA testing at delivery, with positive result
• PMID 21860798

• HIV and syphilis prevalence and associated risk factors among fishing communities of Lake Victoria, Uganda.

• Asiki G, Mpendo J, Abaasa A, Agaba C, Nanvubya A, Nielsen L, Seeley J, Kaleebu P, Grosskurth H, Kamali A.SourceMedical Research Council Research Unit on AIDS, Uganda Virus Research Institute, PO Box 49 Entebbe, Uganda; gershim.asiki@mrcuganda.org.
• Sexually transmitted infections.Sex Transm Infect.2011 Oct;87(6):511-5. Epub 2011 Aug 10.
• Objectives Recent publications suggest that fishing populations may be highly affected by the HIV epidemic. However, accurate data are scarce. The authors determined HIV and syphilis prevalence and associated risk factors in a fishing population of Lake Victoria in Uganda. Methods 10?188 volunteer
• PMID 21835763

Japanese Journal

• 梅毒性大動脈炎に伴う左冠動脈入口部狭窄および大動脈弁閉鎖不全に対する1手術経験 : 新鮮自己心膜を用いたsurgical ostial angioplasty

• 大岡 智学,牧野 裕,村上 達哉
• 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌 35(3), 155-159, 2006-05-15
• 梅毒性大動脈炎(SA)に伴う左冠動脈入口部狭窄および大動脈弁閉鎖不全症(AR)に対し,新鮮自己心膜を用いた入口部形成術および大動脈弁置換術を施行し良好な結果を得た.症例は50歳,男性.慢性心房細動,多発性脳梗塞の精査中,左冠動脈入口部90%狭窄,AR III度および左心耳血栓を認めた.活動性感染兆候は認めないが,血清学的にTPHA抗体価10,387倍,RPR定性陽性であった.CTでは上行大動脈は正 …
• NAID 110004720737

• 兎梅毒の自然発生例および実験感染例における臨床症状とRPR抗体価の推移(内科学)

• 斉藤 久美子,田川 雅代,御村 宗人,長谷川 篤彦
• The journal of veterinary medical science 67(7), 739-741, 2005-07-25
• 臨床的に兎梅毒と診断した兎3例の治療中, 治療後のRPR抗体価を約6ヵ月間測定した.また実験感染により発症した1例, および無症状に終わった1例のRPR抗体価の推移を接種から約6ヵ月間観察した.自然感染, 実験感染ともに, RPR抗体価の推移は感染の経過をよく反映していたが, 不顕性感染時もしくは症状消失後には低い抗体価が長期に持続した.本調査により, RPR抗体価を臨床的に解釈する上での有用な情 …
• NAID 110003963803

Related Links

• Rapid plasma reagin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) refers to a type of test that looks for non-specific antibodies in the blood of the patient that may indicate that the organism ( Treponema pallidum) that causes syphilis is present. The term "reagin" means that this test ...

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★リンクテーブル★

関連記事	「rapid」「reagin」「rap」

「rapid」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 急速な、迅速な、速い

関

expeditious、fast、prompt、promptly、quick、quickly、rapidly、swift

　 　 　 　

「reagin」

　　[★]

• n.

• 感作抗体、反応抗体、レアギン

関

sensitizing antibody

　

「rap」

　　[★]