Clostridium botulinum type A

A型ボツリヌス菌

WordNet

1. write by means of a keyboard with types; "type the acceptance letter, please" (同)typewrite
2. a small metal block bearing a raised character on one end; produces a printed character when inked and pressed on paper; "he dropped a case of type, so they made him pick them up"
3. (biology) the taxonomic group whose characteristics are used to define the next higher taxon
4. a subdivision of a particular kind of thing; "what type of sculpture do you prefer?"
5. all of the tokens of the same symbol; "the word `element contains five different types of character"
6. printed characters; "small type is hard to read"
7. identify as belonging to a certain type; "Such people can practically be typed" (同)typecast
8. the 1st letter of the Roman alphabet (同)a
9. the blood group whose red cells carry the A antigen (同)type_A, group A
10. potent bacterial toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum that causes botulism; can be used as a bioweapon (同)botulinus_toxin, botulismotoxin
11. writing done with a typewriter (同)typewriting
12. spindle-shaped bacterial cell especially one swollen at the center by an endospore (同)clostridia

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈C〉(…の)『型』,タイプ,類型,種類(kind)《+of+名》 / 〈C〉(その種類の特質を最もよく表している)『典型』,手本,模範《+of+名》 / 〈U〉《集合的に》活字;〈C〉(1個の)活字 / 〈U〉(印刷された)字体,活字 / 〈C〉(貨幣・メダルなどの)模様,図柄 / 〈C〉血液型(blood group) / …‘を'タイプに打つ / (…として)…‘を'分類する《+名+as+名(doing)》 / …‘の'型を決める / タイプライターを打つ
2. answer / ampere

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. ボツリヌス中毒 botulism
• 2. 新生児および幼児における神経筋接合部障害 neuromuscular junction disorders in newborns and infants
• 3. 小児における高カリウム血症の原因、診断、および評価 causes diagnosis and evaluation of hyperkalemia in children
• 4. 神経筋接合部に作用する毒素の概要 overview of neuromuscular junction toxins
• 5. 視覚変化が認められた小児患者に対するアプローチ approach to the pediatric patient with vision change

English Journal

• Outbreak of type A foodborne botulism at a boarding school, Uganda, 2008.

• Viray MA1, Wamala J2, Fagan R1, Luquez C1, Maslanka S1, Downing R3, Biggerstaff M1, Malimbo M2, Kirenga JB4, Nakibuuka J4, Ddumba E4, Mbabazi W5, Swerdlow DL1.
• Epidemiology and infection.Epidemiol Infect.2014 Nov;142(11):2297-301. doi: 10.1017/S0950268814000387. Epub 2014 Feb 27.
• Botulism has rarely been reported in Africa. In October 2008, botulism was reported in three Ugandan boarding-school students. All were hospitalized and one died. A cohort study was performed to assess food exposures among students, and clinical specimens and available food samples were tested for b
• PMID 24576562

• Distinguishing highly-related outbreak-associated Clostridium botulinum type A(B) strains.

• Raphael BH1, Shirey TB, Lúquez C, Maslanka SE.
• BMC microbiology.BMC Microbiol.2014 Jul 16;14:192. doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-14-192.
• BACKGROUND: In the United States, most Clostridium botulinum type A strains isolated during laboratory investigations of human botulism demonstrate the presence of an expressed type A botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT/A) gene and an unexpressed BoNT/B gene. These strains are designated type A(B). The most
• PMID 25031122

• Type A botulinum neurotoxin complex proteins differentially modulate host response of neuronal cells.

• Wang L1, Sun Y2, Yang W2, Lindo P2, Singh BR3.
• Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology.Toxicon.2014 May;82:52-60. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.02.004. Epub 2014 Feb 21.
• Type A Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT/A), the most potent poison known to mankind, is produced by Clostridium botulinum type A as a complex with neurotoxin-associated proteins (NAPs). Currently BoNT/A in purified and complex forms are both available in therapeutic and cosmetic applications to treat neur
• PMID 24560879

Japanese Journal

• 2009~2014年に岡山県で流行した牛ボツリヌス症の解析と対策 (日本獣医師会学会学術誌) -- (産業動物臨床・家畜衛生関連部門)

• 日本獣医師会雑誌 = Journal of the Japan Veterinary Medical Association 68(10), 629-633, 2015-10
• NAID 40020618652

• ボツリヌス菌由来ヘマグルチニンの立体構造

• 日本結晶学会誌 57(4), 233-238, 2015
• NAID 130005096000

• Phospholipase C Produced by Clostridium botulinum Types C and D:Comparison of Gene, Enzymatic, and Biological Activities with Those of Clostridium perfringens Alpha-toxin

• Acta Medica Okayama 67(1), 9-18, 2013-02
• NAID 120005232332

Related Links

• Purification of Clostridium botulinum Type A Neurotoxin

Purification of Botulinum Type A Neurotoxin 31 2.5. Purification of Type A Neurotoxin 1. 0.02 M sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.9. 2. Dialysis tubing. 3. Chromatography column (2.5 cm × 20 cm). 4. DEAE-Sephadex A–50 (19 g dry ...

• Clostridium Botulinum Type A Toxin - Latest Medical News ...

November 12, 2008 (Orlando, Florida) — Clostridium botulinum toxin type A is effective and well tolerated when treating moderate to severe glabellar lines, according to findings from 2 phase 3 studies presented here at ...

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「A型ボツリヌス菌」
関連記事	「type」「Clostridium botulinum」「A」「typed」「clostridium」

「A型ボツリヌス菌」

　　[★] Clostridium botulinum type A

「type」

　　[★]

• n.

• 型、タイプ、(生物)タイプ標本

(windows)ファイル内容表示(linux -> cat])

ex. type report_20111118.jp.htm | php a.php > report_20111118.jp.jp.jp.html

関

form、mode、pattern、type specimen、typed

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「Clostridium botulinum」

　　[★]

同

ボツリヌス菌

関

ボツリヌス症 botulism、ボツリヌス毒素

• グラム陽性桿菌
• 嫌気性菌
• 有芽胞菌

「A」

　　[★]

• アデニン adenine
• アデノシン adenosine
• アラニン alanine

　 　 　

「typed」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 型の

関

form、mode、pattern、type

「clostridium」

　　[★]

関

クロストリジウム、クロストリジウム属