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any of the yeastlike imperfect fungi of the genus Candida

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/08/13 09:37:01」(JST)

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Candida krusei is a budding yeast (a species of fungus) involved in chocolate production. Candida krusei is an emerging fungal nosocomial pathogen primarily found in the immunocompromised and those with hematological malignancies. It has natural resistance to fluconazole, a standard antifungal agent. It is most often found in patients who have had prior fluconazole exposure, sparking debate and conflicting evidence as to whether fluconazole should be used prophylactically. Mortality due to C. krusei fungemia is much higher than the more common C. albicans. Other Candida species that also fit this profile are C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. guillermondii and C. rugosa.

Candida krusei can be successfully treated with voriconazole, amphotericin B, and the echinocandins micafungin, caspofungin, and anidulafungin.

Role in chocolate production[edit source | edit]

Cacao beans have to be fermented to remove the bitter taste and break them down. This takes place with two fungi, C. krusei, and Geotrichum. Most of the time, the two fungi are already present on the seed pods and seeds of the cacao plant, but in modern chocolate making, specific strains are used. Each chocolate company uses its own strains, which have been selected to provide optimum flavor and aroma to the chocolate. The yeasts reproduce every few hours, and soon there are thousands of individual yeast cells in a small area, which produce enzymes to break down the pulp on the outside of the beans. This makes acetic acid, killing the cacao embryo inside the seed, developing a chocolatey aroma and eliminating the bitterness in the beans.

References[edit source | edit]

Hautala T. A cluster of Candida krusei infections in a haematological unit. BMC Infectious Diseases 2007, 7:97. [1]
Pfaller MA. Candida krusei, a multidrug-resistant opportunistic fungal pathogen: geographic and temporal trends from the ARTEMIS DISK Antifungal Surveillance Program, 2001 to 2005. J Clin Microbiol. 2008 Feb;46(2):515-21. [2]

External links[edit source | edit]

http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/toms_fungi/feb2006.html

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UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人におけるカンジダ菌血症および侵襲性カンジダ症 treatment of candidemia and invasive candidiasis in adults
2. カンジダ性外陰膣炎 candida vulvovaginitis
3. 新生児におけるカンジダ感染の治療 treatment of candida infection in neonates
4. 抗真菌剤感受性試験 antifungal susceptibility testing
5. カンジダ属に起因する内因性眼内炎の治療 treatment of endogenous endophthalmitis due to candida species

English Journal

Fungal strain matters: colony growth and bioactivity of the European medicinal polypores Fomes fomentarius, Fomitopsis pinicola and Piptoporus betulinus.

Dresch P1, D Aguanno MN2, Rosam K1, Grienke U3, Rollinger JM3, Peintner U1.
AMB Express.AMB Express.2015 Jan 24;5(1):4. eCollection 2015.
Polypores have been applied in traditional Chinese medicine up to the present day, and are becoming more and more popular worldwide. They show a wide range of bioactivities including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and immuno-enhancing effects. Their secondary metabolites have been the foc
PMID 25642401

Ecdysteroids in Sida tuberculata R.E. Fries (Malvaceae): Chemical composition by LC-ESI-MS and selective anti-Candida krusei activity.

da Rosa HS1, de Camargo VB2, Camargo G3, Garcia CV4, Fuentefria AM5, Mendez AS6.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2015 Sep 1;182:193-9. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.02.144. Epub 2015 Mar 6.
Sida tuberculata is found in a region of South America and has traditionally been consumed as an infusion or tea. The chemical composition and antifungal activity of aqueous infusions from leaves and roots were investigated. LC-ESI-MS mass spectra were successfully obtained and used to identify four
PMID 25842327

Distribution of Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida species in oral candidiasis patients: Correlation between cell surface hydrophobicity and biofilm forming activities.

Muadcheingka T1, Tantivitayakul P2.
Archives of oral biology.Arch Oral Biol.2015 Jun;60(6):894-901. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.03.002. Epub 2015 Mar 9.
OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this investigation were to study the prevalence of Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida (NAC) species from oral candidiasis patients and evaluate the cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) and biofilm forming capacity of the clinical isolates Candida species from oral cav
PMID 25819801

Japanese Journal

Rapid Identification of Drug Resistant Candida Species Causing Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

Diba Kambiz,Namaki Atefeh,Ayatolahi Haleh [他],HANIFIAN Haleh
Medical mycology journal = / 日本医真菌学会 [編] 53(3), 193-198, 2012-07-30
… Some yeast agents including Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis … and Candida glabrata … The aim of this study was the identification of Candida … Vaginal swabs obtained from each case, were cultured on differential media including cornmeal agar and CHROM agar Candida. … The yeast isolates identified morphologically included Candida albicans …
NAID 10030925608

細胞培養系を用いた腸管における酵母の免疫応答刺激活性の解析

三枝静江
東京都農林総合研究センター研究報告 -(7), 1-52, 2012-03
… また,生物の皮膚や呼吸器宮,消化器官に常在する酵母も存在し,腸管常在性のCandida albicansは,宿主の免疫機能が低下・破綻したときに病原性を示す。 … Saccharomyces cerevisiaeおよびCandida albicansに対するヒト腸管上皮様Caco-2細胞の各種サイトカイン産生応答 S. … 種々の酵母,Candida kefyr,C. … marxianus,Schizosaccaharomyces pombe,Zygosaccharomyces rouxii,Candida glabrata,C. …
NAID 120005331066

日本医真菌学会法による「酵母の抗真菌薬感受性試験法」に関する検討 : 改変法の提案2009

西山彌生,阿部美知子,池田玲子 [他],宇野潤,小栗豊子,渋谷和俊,前崎繁文,毛利忍,山田剛,石橋弘子,蓮見弥生,安部茂
日本医真菌学会雑誌 = Japanese journal of medical mycology 51(3), 153-163, 2010-07-30
… 　日本医真菌学会提案による「酵母様真菌の抗真菌薬感受性試験法」（以下JSMM法）のアゾール系抗真菌薬の終末点判定基準は，80％発育阻止濃度（IC80）と規定されている．最近，この基準で測定されたMIC値が，国際的な標準法とされるCLSI M27-A2法（以下CLSI法）のそれと乖離することが指摘されるようになった．そこで，JSMM法をより有用性の高い標準法として見直すことを目的に，Candida …
NAID 10029085480

Related Pictures

Morphologic Features of Yeast Colonies | Medical Laboratories Ascomycota >> Saccharomycetes >> Saccharomycetales >> Candida krusei Candida krusei - YouTube Candida krusei | Viticulture and Enology グラム陽性球菌: GPC | グラム染色: Gram Stain HardyCHROM™ Candida - chromogenic media for Candida (yeast) - identifies C. albicans Candida krusei - Doctor Fungus

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リンク元	「ミカファンギン」
関連記事	「Candida」

「ミカファンギン」

Candida krusei
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Fungi
Phylum:	Ascomycota
Subphylum:	Saccharomycotina
Class:	Saccharomycetes
Order:	Saccharomycetales
Family:	Saccharomycetaceae
Genus:	Candida
Species:	C. krusei
Binomial name
	Candida krusei; (Castellani) Berkhout