n.

羞明、光恐怖症

関: light sensitivity、photophobic

鑑別

DIF 354

そのほか：アルビノ、片頭痛、眼精疲労
眼疾患：結膜炎、角膜炎、角膜異物、虹彩炎、網膜炎、脈絡網膜炎、視神経炎
全身疾患：風疹、髄膜炎、脳炎、季節性鼻アレルギー、インフルエンザ、感冒、旋毛虫症
薬物中毒：ヨード、臭素、アトロピン誘導体
精神疾患：ヒステリー、群衆恐怖症

WordNet

a morbid fear of light

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/06/14 18:50:08」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

This article is about the human medical symptom. For the biological or botanical behavioral property, see Photophobia (biology).

Photophobia (from Greek φῶς — phōs, "light"^[1] and φόβος — phobos, "fear"^[2]) /ˌfəʊtəʊˈfəʊbiə/ is a symptom of abnormal intolerance to visual perception of light.^[3] As a medical symptom, photophobia is not a morbid fear or phobia, but an experience of discomfort or pain to the eyes due to light exposure or by presence of actual physical photosensitivity of the eyes,^[4] though the term is sometimes additionally applied to abnormal or irrational fear of light such as heliophobia.^[5]

Causes[edit]

Patients may develop photophobia as a result of several different medical conditions, related to the eye or the nervous system. In some cases those who are born with it see the full spectrum of light. While in the direct sun light it causes red glare around the visual field which causes pounding headaches. Photophobia can be caused by an increased response to light starting at any step in the visual system, such as:

Too much light entering the eye. Too much light can enter the eye if it is damaged, such as with corneal abrasion and retinal damage, or if its pupil(s) is unable to normally constrict (seen with damage to the oculomotor nerve).
Overstimulation of the photoreceptors in the retina
Excessive electric impulses to the optic nerve
Excessive response in the central nervous system

Common causes of photophobia include migraine headaches, cataracts, Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (MTBI), or severe ophthalmologic diseases such as uveitis or corneal abrasion.^[6] A more extensive list follows:

Eye-related[edit]

Causes of photophobia relating directly to the eye itself include:

Achromatopsia^[7]
Aniridia^[8]
Anticholinergic drugs may cause photophobia by paralyzing the iris sphincter muscle.^{[citation needed]}
Aphakia^[9] (absence of the lens of the eye)
Buphthalmos^[8] (abnormally narrow angle between the cornea and iris)
Cataracts^[8]
Coloboma
Cone dystrophy^[8]
Congenital abnormalities of the eye^[8]
Viral conjunctivitis ("pink eye")^[10]
Corneal abrasion^[8]
Corneal dystrophy^[8]
Corneal ulcer^[11]
Disruption of the corneal epithelium, such as that caused by a corneal foreign body or keratitis ^[8]
Ectopia lentis^[8]
Endophthalmitis^[8]
Eye trauma caused by disease, injury, or infection such as chalazion, episcleritis, glaucoma,^[8] keratoconus, or optic nerve hypoplasia
Hydrophthalmos, or congenital glaucoma^[8]
Iritis^[8]
Optic neuritis^[8]
Pigment dispersion syndrome^{[citation needed]}
Pupillary dilation (naturally or chemically induced)^[9]
Retinal detachment
Scarring of the cornea or sclera ^[8]
Uveitis^[8]

Nervous-system-related[edit]

Neurological causes for photophobia include:

Autism spectrum disorders ^[12]
Chiari malformation
Dyslexia^[13]
Encephalitis^[8] including Myalgic encephalomyelitis aka Chronic fatigue syndrome^[14]
Meningitis^[8]
Subarachnoid haemorrhage^[15]
Tumor of the posterior cranial fossa^[8]

Other causes[edit]

Ankylosing spondylitis^[16] — Causes Uveitis as an extra-articular feature.
Albinism^[17]
Ariboflavinosis^[18]
Benzodiazepines (long term use of or withdrawal from benzodiazepines)^[19]^[20]
Chemotherapy^[8]
Chikungunya^[21]
Cystinosis^[8]
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome^[22]
Hangover^[23]
Influenza^[24]
Infectious Mononucleosis^[25]
Magnesium deficiency^[26]
Mercury poisoning^[27]
Migraine^[28]
Rabies^[29]
Tyrosinemia type II, also known as "Richner-Hanhart syndrome"^[8]

Treatment[edit]

The best treatment for light sensitivity is to address the underlying cause. Once the triggering factor is treated, photophobia disappears in many but not all cases.^[30]

Patients with photophobia will avert their eyes from direct light (sunlight and room lights), or may seek the shelter of a dark room or wear sunglasses.

A study by Stringham and Hammond, published in the Jan-Feb issue of Journal of Food Science, discusses the improvement in visual performance and decrease in light sensitivity (glare) in subjects taking 10 mg Lutein and 2 mg Zeaxanthin per day.^[31]

References[edit]

^ φῶς, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus
^ φόβος, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus
^ thefreedictionary.com/photophobia citing:
- Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. © 2007
- The American Heritage® Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2007
- Miller-Keane Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health, Seventh Edition. © 2003
- Millodot: Dictionary of Optometry and Visual Science, 7th edition. © 2009
^ thefreedictionary.com/photophobia citing:
- Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. Copyright 2008
- Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. © 2009
- McGraw-Hill Concise Dictionary of Modern Medicine. © 2002
^ thefreedictionary.com/photophobia citing:
- The American Heritage® Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2007
- Millodot: Dictionary of Optometry and Visual Science, 7th edition. © 2009
^ Hazin R, Abuzetun JY, Daoud YJ, Abu-Khalaf MM (July 2009). "Ocular complications of cancer therapy: a primer for the ophthalmologist treating cancer patients". Curr Opin Ophthalmol 20 (4): 308–17. doi:10.1097/ICU.0b013e32832c9007. PMID 19491683.
^ "Achromotopsoa". Scottish Sensory Centre. Retrieved December 11, 2009.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v Day, Susan (January 15, 1997). "P9: Photophobia". In Taylor, David. Paediatric Opthamalogy (2nd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 1034–6. ISBN 978-0-86542-831-7.
^ ^a ^b "Photophobia". Texas School for the Blind and Visually Impaired. Retrieved December 11, 2009. ^{[dead link]}
^ "Conjunctivitis". Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. Retrieved December 11, 2009.
^ "Corneal ulcer". Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. Retrieved December 11, 2009.
^ Fan X, Miles JH, Takahashi N, Yao G (November 2009). "Abnormal transient pupillary light reflex in individuals with autism spectrum disorders". J Autism Dev Disord 39 (11): 1499–508. doi:10.1007/s10803-009-0767-7. PMID 19499319.
^ "Light sensitivity — photophobia". Royal National Institute of Blind People. Retrieved December 11, 2009.
^ "Chronic Fatigue Syndrome". University of Virginia Health System. Retrieved December 11, 2009.
^ "Photophobia — Glossary Entry". Genetics Home Reference. United States National Library of Medicine. Retrieved December 11, 2009.
^ "Ankylosing spondylitis". United States National Library of Medicine. Retrieved December 11, 2009.
^ "Albinism". MedicinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. United States National Library of Medicine. Retrieved December 11, 2009.
^ Harris, Robert S.; Kenneth V. Thimann (February 11, 1943). Vitamins & Hormones, Volume 1. Academic Press. p. 88. ISBN 978-0-12-709801-2.
^ Wakakura M, Tsubouchi T, Inouye J (March 2004). "Etizolam and benzodiazepine induced blepharospasm". J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. 75 (3): 506–7. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2003.019869. PMC 1738986. PMID 14966178.
^ Pelissolo A; Bisserbe JC (Mar-Apr 1994). "[Dependence on benzodiazepines. Clinical and biological aspects]". Encephale 20 (2): 147–57. PMID 7914165.
^ Mahesh, G; Giridhar, A; Shedbele, A; Kumar, R; Saikumar, SJ (2009). "A case of bilateral presumed chikungunya neuroretinitis". Indian journal of ophthalmology (Indian Journal of Opthamalogy) 57 (2): 148–50. PMC 2684432. PMID 19237792.
^ Dr. Diana Driscoll, Ehlers-Danlos Eye Dr PDF
^ Sjaastad, Ottar; Bakketeig, Leiv S. (December 22, 2004). "Hangover headache: accompanying symptoms. Vågå study of headache epidemiology". The Journal of Headache and Pain (Springer Milan) 5 (4): 224–9. doi:10.1007/s10194-004-0130-5. ISSN 1129-2369.
^ Hunt, Dr. Margaret. "Influenza Virus (Orthomyxovirus)". University of South Carolina School of Medicine. Retrieved December 11, 2009.
^ Gauthier-Smith, P.C. (December 22, 2004). "Neurological complications of glandular fever (infectious mononucleosis)". Brain (Oxford University Press) 88 (2): 323–334. doi:10.1093/brain/88.2.323. PMID 5828906.
^ Durlach, Jean; Hirotoshi Morii, Yoshiki Nishizawa (March 6, 2007). "10: Clinical forms of Magnesium Depletion by Photosensitization and Treatment with Scototherapy". New Perspectives in Magnesium Research. Springer London. pp. 117–126. doi:10.1007/978-1-84628-483-0_10. ISBN 978-1-84628-388-8.
^ "Elemental mercury poisoning in a household—Ohio, 1989". MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 39 (25): 424–5. June 1990. PMID 2113168.
^ Drummond PD (October 1986). "A quantitative assessment of photophobia in migraine and tension headache". Headache 26 (9): 465–9. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4610.1986.hed2609465.x. PMID 3781834.
^ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (28 October 1994). "Human Rabies — Miami, 1994". Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) 43 (42): 773–5. PMID 7935313.
^ Bailey, Gretchyn. "Photophobia (Light Sensitivity)". AllAboutVision.com. Retrieved 2012-11-13.
^ Stringham JM, Bovier ER, Wong JC, Hammond BR (2010). "The influence of dietary lutein and zeaxanthin on visual performance". J. Food Sci. 75 (1): R24–9. doi:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01447.x. PMID 20492192.

External links[edit]

AllAboutVision.com page on photophobia
WrongDiagnosis.com page on photophobia

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 光線過敏症（光線皮膚症）：臨床症状、診断、および治療 photosensitivity disorders photodermatoses clinical manifestations diagnosis and treatment
2. 眼の充血（red eye）の評価 evaluation of the red eye
3. 光線角膜炎 photokeratitis
4. ウイルス性髄膜炎：小児における臨床的特徴および診断 viral meningitis clinical features and diagnosis in children
5. 進行性核上性麻痺（PSP） progressive supranuclear palsy psp

English Journal

Postsurgical pneumoencephaly in a patient with Klippel-Feil syndrome.

Hussain N, Thotakura P, Lichtenbaum RA, Mirrakhimov AE.Author information Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Joseph Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA.AbstractA 49-year-old woman presented with occipital headaches, dizziness, photophobia and vomiting for 2 weeks' status post posterior scalp mole removal by a general surgeon. The physical examination revealed occipital lesions with foul smelling purulent discharge mixed with clear fluid drainage, webbed neck with decreased range of motion, facial asymmetry and a low posterior hairline. A CT of head showed occipital skull defect providing a communicating pathway for scalp infection, an atlas fusion defect and an extensive pneumoencephaly. Further imaging showed low-lying cerebellar tonsils and fusion of the body of second and third cervical vertebrae. Klippel-Feil syndrome was diagnosed and the patient was successfully managed with duraplasty of occipital dura, placement of a lumbar drain and antibiotics. In patients with findings suggestive of Klippel-Feil syndrome and lesions proximal to the CNS, appropriate neuroimaging and possible neurosurgical consult should be considered prior to any surgical intervention.
BMJ case reports.BMJ Case Rep.2014 Jan 15;2014. pii: bcr2013201234. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2013-201234.
A 49-year-old woman presented with occipital headaches, dizziness, photophobia and vomiting for 2 weeks' status post posterior scalp mole removal by a general surgeon. The physical examination revealed occipital lesions with foul smelling purulent discharge mixed with clear fluid drainage, webbed ne
PMID 24429049

Comparison of frovatriptan plus dexketoprofen (25 mg or 37.5 mg) with frovatriptan alone in the treatment of migraine attacks with or without aura: A randomized study.

Tullo V, Valguarnera F, Barbanti P, Cortelli P, Sette G, Allais G, d'Onofrio F, Curone M, Zava D, Pezzola D, Benedetto C, Frediani F, Bussone G.Author information Department of Clinical Neuroscience, National Neurological Institute Carlo Besta, Italy.AbstractBACKGROUND: Drugs for migraine attacks include triptans and NSAIDs; their combination could provide greater symptom relief.
Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache.Cephalalgia.2014 Jan 14. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND: Drugs for migraine attacks include triptans and NSAIDs; their combination could provide greater symptom relief.METHODS: A total of 314 subjects with history of migraine, with or without aura, were randomized to frovatriptan 2.5 mg alone (Frova), frovatriptan 2.5 mg + dexketoprofe
PMID 24363238

PROSE for Irregular Corneas at a Tertiary Eye Care Center.

Arumugam AO, Rajan R, Subramanian M, Mahadevan R.Author information Contact Lens Department, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India.AbstractOBJECTIVE:: The aim of this study was to report and discuss the clinical experience with PROSE (Prosthetic Replacement of Ocular Surface Ecosystem) practice at a tertiary eye care hospital.
Eye & contact lens.Eye Contact Lens.2014 Jan 10. [Epub ahead of print]
OBJECTIVE:: The aim of this study was to report and discuss the clinical experience with PROSE (Prosthetic Replacement of Ocular Surface Ecosystem) practice at a tertiary eye care hospital.METHODS:: Retrospective data of patients who were prescribed PROSE during April 2011 to March 2012 in a tertiar
PMID 24418864

Japanese Journal

遮光眼鏡と羞明 : 分光分布から羞明を考える (特集眼鏡の最近の話題)

堀口浩史
あたらしい眼科 30(8), 1093-1100, 2013-08
NAID 40019788816

臨床報告苓桂甘棗湯が劇的に奏効した白内障術後羞明感の一症例

寺澤捷年,小林亨,隅越誠 [他]
日本東洋医学雑誌 64(3), 184-187, 2013
NAID 40019763603

苓桂甘棗湯が劇的に奏効した白内障術後羞明感の一症例

寺澤捷年,小林亨,隅越誠,來村昌紀,竹田眞
Kampo Medicine 64(3), 184-187, 2013
加齢性白内障は人口の高齢化に伴って増加しており，手術法も侵襲の少ない手技が開発されている。しかし，その合併症も皆無ではない。今回我々は加齢性白内障の診断のもとに超音波乳化吸引療法を受けた74歳の女性が，術後に劇しい羞明感を訴え，日常生活に支障を来していた一症例に漢方治療を試み，苓桂甘棗湯により著効を得た症例を経験したので報告した。原因不明の術後羞明感は術者，患者双方にとって不幸な病態であるが心身症 …
NAID 130003385093

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「羞明」「light sensitivity」「photophobic」

「羞明」

Photophobia
	Classification and external resources
ICD-10	H53.1
ICD-9	368.13
DiseasesDB	24599
MedlinePlus	003041
MeSH	D020795

　　[★]

英: photophobia
同: まぶしがり症
関: 光感受性

眼に限局する疾患でも全身性疾患でも起こる。どちらも炎症が原因だけど例外が3つある。白皮症 albinism, 片頭痛 migraine, 眼精疲労 eye strain from astigmatism and hyperopia。眼に限局する疾患で結膜炎、角膜炎、角膜への外来異物、虹彩炎、網膜炎、脈絡網膜炎、視神経炎が羞明を起こす。全身性疾患では熱性の疾患、特に結膜を介して感染症と関連した熱性の疾患が羞明を起こす。麻疹、髄膜炎、脳炎、hay fever、インフルエンザ、感冒、旋毛虫症が羞明を起こすことは少ない(just a few)。毒物(特に、ヨード、臭素、アトロピン誘導体)も羞明を起こす。暗所にいるだけでも羞明は起こる。ヒステリーと恐怖症・群集不安も羞明の原因となる。(DIF 354)

「light sensitivity」

　　[★]

光感受性

関: photophobia、photosensory

「photophobic」

　　[★]

adj.

羞明の

関: photophobia

[1] φῶς, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus

[2] φόβος, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus

[3] thefreedictionary.com/photophobia citing:

Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. © 2007

The American Heritage® Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2007

Miller-Keane Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health, Seventh Edition. © 2003

Millodot: Dictionary of Optometry and Visual Science, 7th edition. © 2009

[4] Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. © 2007

[5] The American Heritage® Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2007

[6] Miller-Keane Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health, Seventh Edition. © 2003

[7] Millodot: Dictionary of Optometry and Visual Science, 7th edition. © 2009

[4] thefreedictionary.com/photophobia citing:

Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. Copyright 2008

Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. © 2009

McGraw-Hill Concise Dictionary of Modern Medicine. © 2002

[9] Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. Copyright 2008

[10] Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. © 2009

[11] McGraw-Hill Concise Dictionary of Modern Medicine. © 2002

[5] thefreedictionary.com/photophobia citing:

The American Heritage® Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2007

Millodot: Dictionary of Optometry and Visual Science, 7th edition. © 2009

[13] The American Heritage® Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2007

[14] Millodot: Dictionary of Optometry and Visual Science, 7th edition. © 2009

[6] Hazin R, Abuzetun JY, Daoud YJ, Abu-Khalaf MM (July 2009). "Ocular complications of cancer therapy: a primer for the ophthalmologist treating cancer patients". Curr Opin Ophthalmol 20 (4): 308–17. doi:10.1097/ICU.0b013e32832c9007. PMID 19491683.

[7] "Achromotopsoa". Scottish Sensory Centre. Retrieved December 11, 2009.

[taylor-8] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v Day, Susan (January 15, 1997). "P9: Photophobia". In Taylor, David. Paediatric Opthamalogy (2nd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 1034–6. ISBN 978-0-86542-831-7.

[tsbvi-9] "Photophobia". Texas School for the Blind and Visually Impaired. Retrieved December 11, 2009. ^{[dead link]}

[10] "Conjunctivitis". Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. Retrieved December 11, 2009.

[11] "Corneal ulcer". Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. Retrieved December 11, 2009.

[12] Fan X, Miles JH, Takahashi N, Yao G (November 2009). "Abnormal transient pupillary light reflex in individuals with autism spectrum disorders". J Autism Dev Disord 39 (11): 1499–508. doi:10.1007/s10803-009-0767-7. PMID 19499319.

[13] "Light sensitivity — photophobia". Royal National Institute of Blind People. Retrieved December 11, 2009.

[14] "Chronic Fatigue Syndrome". University of Virginia Health System. Retrieved December 11, 2009.

[15] "Photophobia — Glossary Entry". Genetics Home Reference. United States National Library of Medicine. Retrieved December 11, 2009.

[16] "Ankylosing spondylitis". United States National Library of Medicine. Retrieved December 11, 2009.

[17] "Albinism". MedicinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. United States National Library of Medicine. Retrieved December 11, 2009.

[18] Harris, Robert S.; Kenneth V. Thimann (February 11, 1943). Vitamins & Hormones, Volume 1. Academic Press. p. 88. ISBN 978-0-12-709801-2.

[19] Wakakura M, Tsubouchi T, Inouye J (March 2004). "Etizolam and benzodiazepine induced blepharospasm". J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. 75 (3): 506–7. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2003.019869. PMC 1738986. PMID 14966178.

[20] Pelissolo A; Bisserbe JC (Mar-Apr 1994). "[Dependence on benzodiazepines. Clinical and biological aspects]". Encephale 20 (2): 147–57. PMID 7914165.

[21] Mahesh, G; Giridhar, A; Shedbele, A; Kumar, R; Saikumar, SJ (2009). "A case of bilateral presumed chikungunya neuroretinitis". Indian journal of ophthalmology (Indian Journal of Opthamalogy) 57 (2): 148–50. PMC 2684432. PMID 19237792.

[22] Dr. Diana Driscoll, Ehlers-Danlos Eye Dr PDF

[23] Sjaastad, Ottar; Bakketeig, Leiv S. (December 22, 2004). "Hangover headache: accompanying symptoms. Vågå study of headache epidemiology". The Journal of Headache and Pain (Springer Milan) 5 (4): 224–9. doi:10.1007/s10194-004-0130-5. ISSN 1129-2369.

[24] Hunt, Dr. Margaret. "Influenza Virus (Orthomyxovirus)". University of South Carolina School of Medicine. Retrieved December 11, 2009.

[25] Gauthier-Smith, P.C. (December 22, 2004). "Neurological complications of glandular fever (infectious mononucleosis)". Brain (Oxford University Press) 88 (2): 323–334. doi:10.1093/brain/88.2.323. PMID 5828906.

[durlach-26] Durlach, Jean; Hirotoshi Morii, Yoshiki Nishizawa (March 6, 2007). "10: Clinical forms of Magnesium Depletion by Photosensitization and Treatment with Scototherapy". New Perspectives in Magnesium Research. Springer London. pp. 117–126. doi:10.1007/978-1-84628-483-0_10. ISBN 978-1-84628-388-8.

[27] "Elemental mercury poisoning in a household—Ohio, 1989". MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 39 (25): 424–5. June 1990. PMID 2113168.

[28] Drummond PD (October 1986). "A quantitative assessment of photophobia in migraine and tension headache". Headache 26 (9): 465–9. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4610.1986.hed2609465.x. PMID 3781834.

[29] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (28 October 1994). "Human Rabies — Miami, 1994". Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) 43 (42): 773–5. PMID 7935313.

[30] Bailey, Gretchyn. "Photophobia (Light Sensitivity)". AllAboutVision.com. Retrieved 2012-11-13.

[31] Stringham JM, Bovier ER, Wong JC, Hammond BR (2010). "The influence of dietary lutein and zeaxanthin on visual performance". J. Food Sci. 75 (1): R24–9. doi:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01447.x. PMID 20492192.

匿名

検索

案内

案内

photophobia

鑑別