手術室

WordNet

serve as a means of entrance; "This ticket will admit one adult to the show"
declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of; "He admitted his errors"; "She acknowledged that she might have forgotten" (同)acknowledge
afford possibility; "This problem admits of no solution"; "This short story allows of several different interpretations" (同)allow
allow to enter; grant entry to; "We cannot admit non-members into our club building"; "This pipe admits air" (同)allow in, let in, intromit
allow participation in or the right to be part of; permit to exercise the rights, functions, and responsibilities of; "admit someone to the profession"; "She was admitted to the New Jersey Bar" (同)let in, include
give access or entrance to; "The French doors admit onto the yard"
space for movement; "room to pass"; "make way for"; "hardly enough elbow room to turn around" (同)way, elbow room
opportunity for; "room for improvement"
an area within a building enclosed by walls and floor and ceiling; "the rooms were very small but they had a nice view"
the people who are present in a room; "the whole room was cheering"
involved in a kind of operation; "the operating conditions of the oxidation pond"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(場所・会・学校などへ)…'を'『入れる』,‘に'入ることを許す《+『名』+『to』(『into』)+『名』》 / 〈事実・要求・誤りなど〉'を'『認める』,受け入れる / 〈場所・建物などが〉〈人・物〉'を'収容できる
Oregon
〈C〉『部屋』,『室』 / 〈U〉(人・物の占める)『場所』,空間(space) / 〈U〉(事を)受け人れる余地《+『for』+『名』(do『ing』) / 《the room》《集合的に》部屋にいる人々,同席している人たち / 〈C〉《複数形で》(一部屋または数部屋ある)貨し間,下宿 / (…に)下宿する,間借りする《+『at』+『名』〈場所〉『,』+『with』+『名』〈人〉》
「…屋(部屋)ある」の意を表す

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/09/26 09:53:50」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Inside a modern operating room

An operating theater (also known as an operating room, operating suite, operation theatre or operation suite) is a facility within a hospital where surgical operations are carried out in a sterile environment.

Historically, the term "operating theatre" referred to a non-sterile, tiered theater or amphitheater in which students and other spectators could watch surgeons perform surgery. Contemporary operating rooms are devoid of a theater setting (though some in teaching hospitals may have small galleries), making the term "operating theater" a misnomer for the modern facility.

Operating rooms

Operating rooms are spacious, easy to clean, and well-lit, typically with overhead surgical lights, and may have viewing screens and monitors. Operating rooms are generally windowless and feature controlled temperature and humidity. Special air handlers filter the air and maintain a slightly elevated pressure. Electricity support has backup systems in case of a black-out. Rooms are supplied with wall suction, oxygen, and possibly other anesthetic gases. Key equipment consists of the operating table and the anesthesia cart. In addition, there are tables to set up instruments. There is storage space for common surgical supplies. There are containers for disposables. Outside the operating room is a dedicated scrubbing area that is used by surgeons, anesthetists, ODPs (operating department practitioners), and nurses prior to surgery. An operating room will have a map to enable the terminal cleaner to realign the operating table and equipment to the desired layout during cleaning.

Several operating rooms are part of the operating suite that forms a distinct section within a health-care facility. Besides the operating rooms and their wash rooms, it contains rooms for personnel to change, wash, and rest, preparation and recovery rooms(s), storage and cleaning facilities, offices, dedicated corridors, and possibly other supportive units. In larger facilities, the operating suite is climate- and air-controlled, and separated from other departments so that only authorized personnel have access.

Operating room equipment

The operating table in the center of the room can be raised, lowered, and tilted in any direction.
The operating room lights are over the table to provide bright light, without shadows, during surgery.
The anesthesia machine is at the head of the operating table. This machine has tubes that connect to the patient to assist him or her in breathing during surgery, and built-in monitors that help control the mixture of gases in the breathing circuit.
The anesthesia cart is next to the anesthesia machine. It contains the medications, equipment, and other supplies that the anesthesiologist may need.
Sterile instruments to be used during surgery are arranged on a stainless steel table.
An electronic monitor (which records the heart rate and respiratory rate by adhesive patches that are placed on the patient's chest).
The pulse oximeter machine attaches to the patient's finger with an elastic band aid. It measures the amount of oxygen contained in the blood.

Hybrid operating room for cardiovascular surgery at Gemelli Hospital in Rome

Automated blood pressure measuring machine that automatically inflates the blood pressure cuff on patient's arm.
An electrocautery machine uses high frequency electrical signals to cauterize or seal off blood vessels and may also be used to cut through tissue with a minimal amount of bleeding.
If surgery requires, a Heart-lung machine, or other specialized equipment, may be brought into the room. Heart lung machine takes the temporary control of the heart and lung during the surgery maintaining the circulation of blood and oxygen content of the body
Advances in technology now support Hybrid Operating Rooms, which integrate diagnostic imaging systems such as MRI and Cardiac Catheterization into the operating room to assist surgeons in specialized Neurological and Cardiac procedures.

Surgeon and assistants' equipment

People in the operating room wear PPE (personal protective equipment) to help prevent germs from infecting the surgical incision. This PPE includes the following:

A protective cap covering their hair
Masks over their lower face, covering their mouths and noses with minimal gaps to prevent inhalation of plume or airborne microbes
Shades or glasses over their eyes, including specialized colored glasses for use with different lasers. a fiber-optic headlight may be attached for greater visibility
Vinyl gloves on their hands; latex is used as well, but much less common due to latex sensitivity which affects some health care workers and patients
Long gowns, with the bottom of the gown no closer than six inches to the ground.
Protective covers on their shoes
If x-rays are expected to be used, lead aprons/neck covers are used to prevent overexposure to radiation

The surgeon may also wear special glasses that help him/her to see more clearly. The circulating nurse and anesthesiologist will not wear a gown in the OR because they are not a part of the sterile team. They must keep a distance of 12-16 inches from any sterile object, person, or field.

History

The Agnew Clinic, 1889, by Thomas Eakins, showing the tiered arrangement of observers watching the operation.

An operating room in the United States, c. 1960. Heart-Lung Machine with rotating disc oxygenator

Early operating theatres in an educational setting have had raised tables or chairs at the center for performing operations surrounded by several rows of seats for students and other spectators to observe the case in progress. The surgeons wore street clothes with an apron to protect them from blood stains, and they operated bare-handed with unsterilized instruments and supplies.^{[citation needed]}

In 1884 German surgeon Gustav Neuber implemented a comprehensive set of restrictions to ensure sterilization and aseptic operating conditions through the use of gowns, caps, and shoe covers, all of which were cleansed in his newly invented autoclave.^[1] In 1885 he designed and built a private hospital in the woods where the walls, floors and hands, arms and faces of staff were washed with mercuric chloride, instruments were made with flat surfaces and the shelving was easy-to-clean glass. Neuber also introduced separate operating theaters for infected and uninfected patients and the use of heated and filtered air in the theater to eliminate germs.^[2] In 1890 surgical gloves were introduced to the practice of medicine by William Halsted.^[3] Aseptic surgery was pioneered in the United States by Charles McBurney.^[4]

Surviving operating theaters

Old Operating Theatre in London

While operating theaters are no longer used for surgery, some still exist. One of the oldest surviving operating theaters is the Old Operating Theatre in London. Built in 1822, it is now a museum of surgical history. Another theater still exists at the University of Padua, in Italy, inside Palazzo Bo. It was commissioned by the anatomist Girolamo Fabrizio d'Acquapendente in 1594. Another famous operating theater is the Ether Dome in Boston. Built in 1824, it is now a conference room and tourist attraction. Pennsylvania Hospital in Philadelphia also boasts its own surviving operating theater, built in 1804.^[5]

Popular culture

In the "Homer's Triple Bypass" episode of The Simpsons, Homer Simpson has an operation performed on him in an operating theater.
In Lemony Snicket's The Hostile Hospital, Count Olaf disguises his henchmen as doctors and tries to perform a "cranioectomy" (decapitation) on Violet Baudelaire for a live audience in an operating theater.
Many scenes of the Cinemax series The Knick, set in the fictional Knickerbocker Hospital in New York City in 1900 and 1901, are set in the hospital's operating theatre, which has tiered seating surrounding the operating table from which other surgeons, students, or just interested spectators can watch the surgical procedures.
In The Terminal Man a large number of hospital staff watch an experimental epilepsy surgery being performed, while one of the spectators explains the procedure.

References

^ Deysine, M (2003). Hernia infections: pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, prevention. Informa Health Care. pp. 13. ISBN 0-8247-4612-0.
^ Bishop, WJ (1995). The Early history of surgery. Barnes & Noble. pp. 169. ISBN 1-56619-798-8.
^ Porter, R (2001). The Cambridge illustrated history of medicine. Cambridge University Press. pp. 376. ISBN 0-521-00252-4.
^ Gross, E (1990). This day in American history. Verlag für die Deutsche Wirtschaft. pp. 61. ISBN 1-55570-046-2.
^ http://www.uphs.upenn.edu/paharc/tour/tour5.html

UpToDate Contents

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1. 手術室内にある危険と患者の安全性を向上させるための対応策 operating room hazards and approaches to improve patient safety
2. 手術室外での小児への迅速導入気管挿管（RSI）：鎮静薬と筋弛緩薬 rapid sequence intubation rsi outside of the operating room in children medications for sedation and paralysis
3. 手術時や麻酔時の成人の体位 patient positioning for surgery and anesthesia in adults
4. 手術室の火災安全性 fire safety in the operating room
5. 成人に生じる手術部位感染の予防策の概要 overview of control measures for prevention of surgical site infection in adults

English Journal

[Preferences of surgeons in total knee and hip arthroplasty, and operating room facilities in Turkey: a survey].

Azboy İ1, Yalvaç ES, Azboy N, Şahin İ, Zehir S.
Eklem hastalıkları ve cerrahisi = Joint diseases & related surgery.Eklem Hastalik Cerrahisi.2016 Apr;27(1):34-40. doi: 10.5606/ehc.2016.07.
OBJECTIVES: This study aims to determine the pre- and postoperative approaches of orthopedic surgeons and operative room environment facilities in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA) in Turkey.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data for this study were collected through a questionnair
PMID 26874633

Nanocellulose/nanobentonite composite anchored with multi-carboxyl functional groups as an adsorbent for the effective removal of Cobalt(II) from nuclear industry wastewater samples.

Anirudhan TS1, Deepa JR2, Christa J2.
Journal of colloid and interface science.J Colloid Interface Sci.2016 Apr 1;467:307-20. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.01.023. Epub 2016 Jan 14.
A novel adsorbent, poly(itaconic acid/methacrylic acid)-grafted-nanocellulose/nanobentonite composite [P(IA/MAA)-g-NC/NB] with multi carboxyl functional groups for the effective removal of Cobalt(II) [Co(II)] from aqueous solutions. The adsorbent was characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDS, AFM and p
PMID 26844393

The effect of a checklist on the quality of patient handover from the operating room to the intensive care unit: A randomized controlled trial.

Salzwedel C1, Mai V2, Punke MA3, Kluge S4, Reuter DA5.
Journal of critical care.J Crit Care.2016 Apr;32:170-174. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2015.12.016. Epub 2015 Dec 29.
PURPOSE: Handover of patient care is a potential safety risk for the patient due to loss of information which may result in adverse outcome. We hypothesized that a checklist for handover from the operating room (OR) to the intensive care unit (ICU) will lead to an increase of quality regarding infor
PMID 26818630

Japanese Journal

Stability of alloyed and nonalloyed ohmic contacts to n-type GaN at high temperature in air

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 56(12), 126502, 2017-11-15
NAID 150000114909

国際学会Report 第26回ICN 4年毎大会inスペイン・バルセロナ

OPE nursing = オペナーシング : the Japanese journal of operating
NAID 40021384964

術前訪問記録時間に関する実態調査 : 手術看護記録システム運用開始1年を経て

OPE nursing = オペナーシング : the Japanese journal of operating
NAID 40021384963

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「admit」「OR」「手術室」
関連記事	「operating」「room」

「admit」

　　[★]

vt.

入れる、(人)の入場(入学、入会)を許す

A 27-year-old woman is admitted to the emergency department complaining of pain across her back.(背中に広がる痛みを訴えて、27歳の女性が救急部に運ばれてきた(？))

(切符などが)～に入場の権利を与える
(真実であると)認める、白状する。(証拠・主張を)有効であると認める
(事情・事実が)～の余地を残す、許す。

vi.

入場を可能にする(to)
許す、(疑い・改善の)余地がある(of)
認める、告白する(to)

He admitted to having at least one seizure in the OR(operating room) that was so brief that no one observed it.(彼は手術室で少なくとも一度はてんかん発作を起こしたことを告白した。そしてそれは非常に短くて誰も気づかなかった。)