WordNet

establish as valid or genuine; "Can you back up your claims?" (同)back_up
strengthen by providing with a back or backing
a support that you can lean against while sitting; "the back of the dental chair was adjustable" (同)backrest
(American football) the position of a player on a football team who is stationed behind the line of scrimmage
the part of a garment that covers the back of your body; "they pinned a `kick me sign on his back"
travel backward; "back into the driveway"; "The car backed up and hit the tree"
the posterior part of a human (or animal) body from the neck to the end of the spine; "his back was nicely tanned" (同)dorsum
the part of something that is furthest from the normal viewer; "he stood at the back of the stage"; "it was hidden in the rear of the store" (同)rear
(football) a person who plays in the backfield
in or to or toward a past time; "set the clocks back an hour"; "never look back"; "lovers of the past looking fondly backward" (同)backward
at or to or toward the back or rear; "he moved back"; "tripped when he stepped backward"; "she looked rearward out the window of the car" (同)backward, backwards, rearward, rearwards
be behind; approve of; "He plumped for the Labor Party"; "I backed Kennedy in 1960" (同)endorse, indorse, plump for, plunk for, support
located at or near the back of an animal; "back (or hind) legs"; "the hinder part of a carcass" (同)hind, hinder
be in back of; "My garage backs their yard"
cause to travel backward; "back the car into the parking spot"
in or to or toward a former location; "she went back to her parents house"
in or to or toward an original condition; "he went back to sleep"
in repayment or retaliation; "we paid back everything we had borrowed"; "he hit me and I hit him back"; "I was kept in after school for talking back to the teacher"
in reply; "he wrote back three days later"
of an earlier date; "back issues of the magazine"
related to or located at the back; "the back yard"; "the back entrance"
shift to a counterclockwise direction; "the wind backed"
support financial backing for; "back this enterprise"
unrefined in character; "low comedy"
an air mass of lower pressure; often brings precipitation; "a low moved in over night bringing sleet and snow" (同)depression
a low level or position or degree; "the stock market fell to a new low"
used of sounds and voices; low in pitch or frequency (同)low-pitched
very low in volume; "a low murmur"; "the low-toned murmur of the surf" (同)low-toned
in a low position; near the ground; "the branches hung low"
less than normal in degree or intensity or amount; "low prices"; "the reservoir is low"
literal meanings; being at or having a relatively small elevation or upward extension; "low ceilings"; "low clouds"; "low hills"; "the sun is low"; "low furniture"; "a low bow"
cause emotional anguish or make miserable; "It pains me to see my children not being taught well in school" (同)anguish, hurt
a symptom of some physical hurt or disorder; "the patient developed severe pain and distension" (同)hurting
a bothersome annoying person; "that kid is a terrible pain" (同)pain in the neck, nuisance
a somatic sensation of acute discomfort; "as the intensity increased the sensation changed from tickle to pain" (同)pain_sensation, painful sensation
emotional distress; a fundamental feeling that people try to avoid; "the pain of loneliness" (同)painfulness
the period of time during which a place or position or nation is occupied; "during the German occupation of Paris"
the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money; "hes not in my line of business" (同)business, job, line of work, line
the control of a country by military forces of a foreign power (同)military control
the act of occupying or taking possession of a building; "occupation of a building without a certificate of occupancy is illegal" (同)occupancy, moving in
any activity that occupies a persons attention; "he missed the bell in his occupation with the computer game"
the act of providing approval and support; "his vigorous backing of the conservatives got him in trouble with progressives" (同)backup, championship, patronage
something forming a back that is added for strengthening (同)mount

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉(人・動物の)『背』,『背中』,背部 / 《通例the~》(正面に対して)(…の)『後ろ』,『裏』,奥,後部《+『of』+『名』》 / 《通例the back》背に似たもの;(手足の)甲;(刀の)みね;(いす・本の)背 / 〈C〉〈U〉(フットボール・ホッケーなどの)後衛 / 《名詞の前にのみ用にて》『後ろの』,後部にある,裏の / 後もどりする,逆の / 遅れている,未払いの / (中心から)遠い,へんぴな,奥地の / (音声が)後舌音の / 『後方へ』,『後ろに』(backward) / (場所・状態が)『もとへ』,帰って,返して / (時間的に)『さかのぼって』,今から…前に(ago) / 〈車など〉'を'『後退させる』 / (…で)〈人・計画など〉'を'『後援する』,支持する(support)《+『名』+『in』+『名』》 / (競馬で)…に賭ける / (…で)…‘の'伴奏をする《+『名』+『by』+『名』》 / …‘の'裏手にある,背景をなす / 〈手形など〉‘に'裏書きする(endorse) / 《しばしば受動態で》〈本〉‘に'背をつける,(…で)…'を'裏打ちする《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / 後ずさりする,後退する(move backward)
(高さ・位置が)『低い』,低い所にある / (価格・数量・程度などが)『低い』,少ない / (身分・地位などが)『低い』,卑しい / (人格・行為などが)『卑しい』,下劣な,下品な / 《補語にのみ用いて》(体が)『弱った』;元気のない,憂うつな / (供給が)不十分な;(…が)乏しい《+『in』(『on』)+『名』》 / (音・声が)低い,小さい / (生物が)下等な / 『低く』,低い所に / (価格・程度などが)『安く』,低く / 低い声(調子)で;静かに / 最低点,最低水準
(牛の)モーという鳴き声 / (牛が)モーと鳴く
〈C〉〈U〉(肉体のある部分の)『苦痛』,『痛み』 / 〈U〉(精神的な)『苦痛』,心痛 / 《複数形で》骨折り,苦労,努力 / 〈C〉不快感,いやな感じ;うんざりさせるもの,やっかい者 / (肉体的・精神的に)…‘に'苦痛を与える(受動態にできない)
〈C〉『職業』,仕事 / 〈C〉時間の使い方 / 〈U〉(…を)『占有すること』,(軍隊が)(…を)占領すること《+『of』+『名』》
〈U〉(本などの)裏打ち,背付け / 〈U〉後援,支持;《集合的に》後援者たち / 〈C〉(ポピュラー音楽で)伴奏

UpToDate Contents

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1. 職業性腰痛：評価 occupational low back pain evaluation
2. 職業性腰痛：治療 occupational low back pain treatment
3. 急性腰痛の治療 treatment of acute low back pain
4. 米国における障害者の評価および認定 disability assessment and determination in the united states

English Journal

Lumbar postures, seat interface pressures and discomfort responses to a novel thoracic support for police officers during prolonged simulated driving exposures.

Gruevski KM1, Holmes MW2, Gooyers CE3, Dickerson CR4, Callaghan JP5.
Applied ergonomics.Appl Ergon.2016 Jan;52:160-8. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2015.07.015. Epub 2015 Jul 28.
A high prevalence of low back pain has been reported among professional drivers, including mobile police officers. The purpose of this investigation was to develop and evaluate a novel thoracic support designed for mobile police officers. Fourteen participants (7 male, 7 female) attended two 120-min
PMID 26360207

Treatments for pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain: a systematic review of physiotherapy modalities.

Gutke A1,2, Betten C3, Degerskär K4, Pousette S5, Fagevik Olsén M1,6.
Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica.Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand.2015 Nov;94(11):1156-67. doi: 10.1111/aogs.12681. Epub 2015 Jun 16.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of physiotherapeutic interventions on pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain.MATERIAL AND METHODS: DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PEDro, CINAHL, AMED, and SCOPUS databases were searched up to December 2014 for studies written in En
PMID 26018758

Detailed assessment of low-back loads may not be worth the effort: A comparison of two methods for exposure-outcome assessment of low-back pain.

Coenen P1, Kingma I2, Boot CR3, Bongers PM4, van Dieën JH5.
Applied ergonomics.Appl Ergon.2015 Nov;51:322-30. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2015.06.005. Epub 2015 Jun 18.
The trade-off between feasibility and accuracy of measurements of physical exposure at the workplace has often been discussed, but is unsufficiently understood. We therefore explored the effect of two low-back loading measurement tools with different accuracies on exposure estimates and their associ
PMID 26154229

Japanese Journal

シンポジウム腰痛治療のための薬剤選択と使用法

尾形直則
日本職業・災害医学会会誌 = Japanese journal of occupational
NAID 40020555775

シンポジウム腰痛の保存療法 : 薬物療法を中心に

川口善治
日本職業・災害医学会会誌 = Japanese journal of occupational
NAID 40020555763

チェンソーを用いる伐倒作業姿勢の違いが体幹筋群の筋活動量に与える影響

河原大陸,浦辺幸夫,前田慶明,笹代純平,藤井絵里,森山信彰,山本圭彦,岩田昌
産業衛生学雑誌 57(4), 111-116, 2015
目的：チェンソーを扱う多くの林業従事者は，腰痛に悩まされている．先行研究では腰痛の発症と，チェンソーを使用し木を伐り倒す（以下；伐倒）作業姿勢との間に関連性があると報告されている．しかしながら，伐倒作業中の体幹筋群の筋活動量の測定を行った研究は見当たらない．そこで本研究の目的は表面筋電図を用いて，伐倒作業姿勢と体幹伸展筋群の筋活動との関係を明らかとすることとした．方法：対象は非林業従事者10名とし …
NAID 130005093734