WordNet

the spatial property of being crowded together (同)density, denseness, tightness, compactness
bringing together military forces
strengthening the concentration (as of a solute in a mixture) by removing diluting material
the strength of a solution; number of molecules of a substance in a given volume
complete attention; intense mental effort (同)engrossment, absorption, immersion
increase in density
the smallest possible quantity (同)lower_limit
the point on a curve where the tangent changes from negative on the left to positive on the right
a British imperial capacity measure (liquid or dry) equal to 1/60th fluid dram or 0.059194 cubic centimeters
a United States liquid unit equal to 1/60 fluidram
preventing infection by inhibiting the growth or action of microorganisms (同)disinfectant, germicidal

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉(…への)(光線・注意などの)集中;(仕事などへの)専念,専心《+『on』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(人口などの)集中 / 〈U〉濃縮;〈液体の〉濃度
《通例単数形で》『最小限』,最小量 / (数学で)極小,最小値,極小値 / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》『最小限の』,最小量の
ミニム(液量の最小単位) / 《英》二分音符(《米》half note)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/01/30 01:45:55」(JST)

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The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) is the lowest concentration of an antibacterial agent required to kill a particular bacterium.^[1] It can be determined from broth dilution minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests by subculturing to agar plates that do not contain the test agent. The MBC is identified by determining the lowest concentration of antibacterial agent that reduces the viability of the initial bacterial inoculum by ≥99.9%. The MBC is complementary to the MIC; whereas the MIC test demonstrates the lowest level of antimicrobial agent that inhibits growth, the MBC demonstrates the lowest level of antimicrobial agent that results in microbial death. This means that even if a particular MIC shows inhibition, plating the bacteria onto agar might still result in organism proliferation because the antimicrobial did not cause death. Antibacterial agents are usually regarded as bactericidal if the MBC is no more than four times the MIC.^[2] Because the MBC test uses colony-forming units as a proxy measure of bacterial viability, it can be confounded by antibacterial agents which cause aggregation of bacterial cells. Examples of antibacterial agents which do this include flavonoids^[3] and peptides.^[4]

ReferencesEdit

^ Medical microbiology, Mims and Playfair, Mosby Europe, 1993, 35.31.
^ French GL (2006). "Bactericidal agents in the treatment of MRSA infections--the potential role of daptomycin". J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 58 (6): 1107–17. doi:10.1093/jac/dkl393. PMID 17040922.
^ Cushnie TPT, Hamilton VES, Chapman DG, Taylor PW, Lamb AJ (2007). "Aggregation of Staphylococcus aureus following treatment with the antibacterial flavonol galangin". Journal of Applied Microbiology 103 (5): 1562–1567. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03393.x. PMID 17953567.
^ Suarez M, Haenni M, Canarelli S, Fisch F, Chodanowski P, Servis C, Michielin O, Freitag R, Moreillon P, Mermod N (2005). "Structure-function characterization and optimization of a plant-derived antibacterial peptide". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 49 (9): 3847–3857. doi:10.1128/AAC.49.9.3847-3857.2005. PMID 16127062.

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1. D群レンサ球菌（Streptococcus bovis、Streptococcus equinus complex）による感染症の臨床症状、診断、および治療 clinical manifestations diagnosis and treatment of infections due to group d streptococci streptococcus bovis streptococcus equinus complex
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3. 連鎖球菌扁桃咽頭炎の治療および予防 treatment and prevention of streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis
4. イソニアジド：概要 isoniazid an overview

English Journal

Bactericidal action mechanism of negatively charged food grade clove oil nanoemulsions.

Majeed H1, Liu F1, Hategekimana J1, Sharif HR1, Qi J1, Ali B1, Bian YY1, Ma J1, Yokoyama W2, Zhong F3.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 Apr 15;197(Pt A):75-83. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.10.015. Epub 2015 Oct 22.
Clove oil (CO) anionic nanoemulsions were prepared with varying ratios of CO to canola oil (CA), emulsified and stabilized with purity gum ultra (PGU), a newly developed succinylated waxy maize starch. Interfacial tension measurements showed that CO acted as a co-surfactant and there was a gradual d
PMID 26616926

Fabrication of electrospun polylactic acid nanofilm incorporating cinnamon essential oil/β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex for antimicrobial packaging.

Wen P1, Zhu DH1, Feng K2, Liu FJ2, Lou WY2, Li N2, Zong MH3, Wu H4.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 Apr 1;196:996-1004. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.10.043. Epub 2015 Oct 22.
A novel antimicrobial packaging material was obtained by incorporating cinnamon essential oil/β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex (CEO/β-CD-IC) into polylacticacid (PLA) nanofibers via electrospinning technique. The CEO/β-CD-IC was prepared by the co-precipitation method and SEM and FT-IR spectrosco
PMID 26593582

Superior antibacterial activity of nanoemulsion of Thymus daenensis essential oil against E. coli.

Moghimi R1, Ghaderi L1, Rafati H2, Aliahmadi A3, McClements DJ4.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 Mar 1;194:410-5. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.07.139. Epub 2015 Jul 31.
Natural preservatives are being extensively investigated for their potential industrial applications in foods and other products. In this work, an essential oil (Thymus daenensis) was formulated as a water-dispersible nanoemulsion (diameter=143nm) using high-intensity ultrasound. The antibacterial a
PMID 26471573

Japanese Journal

Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity and Reactive Species Generation of N-Benzenesulfonyl Derivatives of Heterocycles

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 64(2), 135-141, 2016
NAID 130005121717

Anethole inhibits growth of recently emerged multidrug resistant toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor variant strains in vitro

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 77(5), 535-540, 2015
NAID 130005071874

Anethole inhibits growth of recently emerged multidrug resistant toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor variant strains in vitro

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science advpub(0), 2015
NAID 130004781076

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