WordNet

the least possible; "needed to enforce minimal standards"; "her grades were minimal"; "minimum wage"; "a minimal charge for the service" (同)minimum
the smallest possible quantity (同)lower_limit
the point on a curve where the tangent changes from negative on the left to positive on the right
to a minimal degree; "the cells minimally responsive to lines in this orientation will not fire"
an art movement in sculpture and painting that began in the 1950s and emphasized extreme simplification of form and color (同)minimal art, reductivism
heart surgery in which a coronary bypass is performed on the beating heart by the use of small instruments and cameras threaded through small incisions
a British imperial capacity measure (liquid or dry) equal to 1/60th fluid dram or 0.059194 cubic centimeters
a United States liquid unit equal to 1/60 fluidram

PrepTutorEJDIC

最小の,極小の,最近の
《通例単数形で》『最小限』,最小量 / (数学で)極小,最小値,極小値 / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》『最小限の』,最小量の
ミニム(液量の最小単位) / 《英》二分音符(《米》half note)
minimumの複数形

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/22 04:20:22」(JST)

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1. 成人における微小変化群の治療 treatment of minimal change disease in adults
2. 成人における微小変化群の病因、臨床的特徴、および診断 etiology clinical features and diagnosis of minimal change disease in adults
3. 小児における特発性ネフローゼ症候群の治療 treatment of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children
4. 成人におけるフィラデルフィア染色体陽性急性リンパ芽球性白血病に対する導入療法 induction therapy for philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults
5. 成人におけるフィラデルフィア染色体陽性急性リンパ芽球性白血病に対する寛解後療法 post remission therapy for philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults

English Journal

Minimal oxidation and inflammogenicity of pristine graphene with residence in the lung.

Schinwald A, Murphy F, Askounis A, Koutsos V, Sefiane K, Donaldson K, Campbell CJ.Author information Queen's Medical Research Institute, MRC/University of Edinburgh, Centre for Inflammation Research , Edinburgh , UK.AbstractTwo-dimensional graphitic carbon, graphene, is a new form of nanomaterial with great potential in a wide variety of applications. It is therefore crucial to investigate the behaviour of graphene in biological systems to assess potential adverse effects that might follow from inhalation exposure. In this study we focussed on medium-term effects of graphene in lung tissue by investigating the pulmonary inflammation 6 weeks after pharyngeal aspiration of unoxidised multilayered graphene platelets (GPs) in mice and assessed their biopersistence in the lung tissue using Raman spectroscopy. Additionally, GP degradation in vitro was examined after horseradish peroxidase (HRP) treatment up to 1 week. Building on our previous report showing acute inflammation in mice lungs at 1 day, pristine GP showed minimal inflammation in mouse lungs after 6 weeks even though no degradation of GP in lung tissue was observed and large deposits of GP were evident in the lungs. Raman analysis of GP in tissue sections showed minimal oxidation, and in vitro examinations of enzymatic oxidation of GP via HRP and H2O2 showed only slight increases in ID/IG ratio and the appearance of the Raman D' band at 1620 cm(-1) (surrogates of graphene oxidation). Our results showing non-inflammogenicity at medium time points have important implications in the hazard identification of GPs following inhalation exposure and for their use in biomedical applications. Additionally, the biopersistence of pristine GP in vivo with no associated inflammation could open the way to applications in tissue engineering and drug delivery.
Nanotoxicology.Nanotoxicology.2014 Dec;8(8):824-32. doi: 10.3109/17435390.2013.831502. Epub 2013 Sep 5.
Two-dimensional graphitic carbon, graphene, is a new form of nanomaterial with great potential in a wide variety of applications. It is therefore crucial to investigate the behaviour of graphene in biological systems to assess potential adverse effects that might follow from inhalation exposure. In
PMID 23924429

Divided nevus of the eyelid: successful treatment with CO2 laser.

Zeng Y.Author information Department of Plastic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guang Zhou , China.AbstractBACKGROUND: Divided nevus of eyelid is a rare form of congenital nevus. It can cause cosmetic and psychological problems. The aim of the treatment is to reliably remove the lesion with minimal functional impairment, to improve the cosmetics, and to prevent canceration.
The Journal of dermatological treatment.J Dermatolog Treat.2014 Aug;25(4):358-9. doi: 10.3109/09546634.2012.756970. Epub 2013 Feb 24.
BACKGROUND: Divided nevus of eyelid is a rare form of congenital nevus. It can cause cosmetic and psychological problems. The aim of the treatment is to reliably remove the lesion with minimal functional impairment, to improve the cosmetics, and to prevent canceration.METHODS: The paired nevi were t
PMID 23216296

Naltrexone-loaded poly[La-(Glc-Leu)] polymeric microspheres for the treatment of alcohol dependence: in vitro characterization and in vivo biocompatibility assessment.

Pagar KP, Vavia PR.Author information Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, University under Section 3 of UGC Act- 1956, Elite Status & Centre of Excellence - Govt. of Maharashtra , TEQIP Phase II Funded, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra , India.AbstractThe poly[La-(Glc-Leu)] copolymer was applied in the present investigation as polymeric carrier to fabricate naltrexone (NTX)-loaded poly[La-(Glc-Leu)] microspheres in the single emulsion solvent evaporation technique for the long-term treatment of alcohol dependence. Newly synthesized poly[La-(Glc-Leu)] copolymer exhibited diminished crystallanity, good biocompatibility and favorable biodegradability to be explored for drug delivery application. Scanning Electron Microscopy study revealed smooth and spherical-shaped NTX-loaded polymeric microspheres with a mean size of 10-90 µm. Influence of various decisive formulation variables such as amount of polymer, stabilizer concentration, homogenization speed, homogenization time, drug loading and organic-to-aqueous phase ratio on particle size, and entrapment efficiency was studied. Differential scanning calorimeter and X-ray diffractometry study confirmed the drug entrapment within polymer matrix into the microsphere environment. In vitro drug release showed the sustained drug release of formulation for the period of 28 d giving biphasic release pattern. Histological examination of NTX-loaded poly[La-(Glc-Leu)] microspheres injected intramuscularly into the thigh muscle of Wistar rats showed minimal inflammatory reaction, demonstrating that NTX-loaded microspheres were biocompatible. Insignificant increase in the serum creatine phosphokinase level (p < 0.05) as compared with the normal value revealed good muscle compatibility of the poly[La-(Glc-Leu)] microsphere system. Biocompatible nature and sustained drug-release action of poly[La-(Glc-Leu)] microspheres may have potential application in depot therapy.
Pharmaceutical development and technology.Pharm Dev Technol.2014 Jun;19(4):385-94. doi: 10.3109/10837450.2013.784334. Epub 2013 Apr 16.
The poly[La-(Glc-Leu)] copolymer was applied in the present investigation as polymeric carrier to fabricate naltrexone (NTX)-loaded poly[La-(Glc-Leu)] microspheres in the single emulsion solvent evaporation technique for the long-term treatment of alcohol dependence. Newly synthesized poly[La-(Glc-L
PMID 23590187

Interpretation of psychophysics response curves using statistical physics.

Knani S1, Khalfaoui M2, Hachicha MA2, Mathlouthi M3, Ben Lamine A2.Author information 1Unité de Recherche de Physique Quantique, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Tunisia. Electronic address: knanisalah@yahoo.fr.2Unité de Recherche de Physique Quantique, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Tunisia.3Laboratoire Chimie Physique Industrielle, UMR FARE 664, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Faculté des Sciences, BP 1039, F-51687 Reims Cedex 2, France.AbstractExperimental gustatory curves have been fitted for four sugars (sucrose, fructose, glucose and maltitol), using a double layer adsorption model. Three parameters of the model are fitted, namely the number of molecules per site n, the maximum response RM and the concentration at half saturation C1/2. The behaviours of these parameters are discussed in relationship to each molecule's characteristics. Starting from the double layer adsorption model, we determined (in addition) the adsorption energy of each molecule on taste receptor sites. The use of the threshold expression allowed us to gain information about the adsorption occupation rate of a receptor site which fires a minimal response at a gustatory nerve. Finally, by means of this model we could calculate the configurational entropy of the adsorption system, which can describe the order and disorder of the adsorbent surface.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2014 May 15;151:487-99. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.11.114. Epub 2013 Nov 28.
Experimental gustatory curves have been fitted for four sugars (sucrose, fructose, glucose and maltitol), using a double layer adsorption model. Three parameters of the model are fitted, namely the number of molecules per site n, the maximum response RM and the concentration at half saturation C1/2.
PMID 24423561

Japanese Journal

動機づけと達成度を保証するためのプログラミング入門科目の設計

佐々木晃,伊藤克亘,荒川傑
情報処理学会論文誌 55(1), 16-24, 2014-01-15
本論文では,プログラミング入門科目の新しい構成法について述べる.プログラミングの導入科目のように,それまで経験のない事柄を新たに学生に積極的に取り組ませるには,動機づけが欠かせない.動機づけには,学生が興味を持つ題材を演習に取り上げるのが効果的である.しかし,コンピュータ科学の応用範囲の拡大にともない,学生の興味は多岐にわたっている.このような状況をふまえ,本論文では,仮想小クラス制(VSC: V …
NAID 110009658378

A CATALYTIC C-C BOND-FORMATION WITH MINIMAL USE OF PROTECTING GROUPS : CONSTRUCTION OF FUNCTIONALIZED ISOTETRONIC ACID DERIVATIVES (Dedicated to Professor Victor Snieckus on the occasion of his 77th birthday)

Shimizu Yohei,Yasuda Kouji,Kanai Motomu
Heterocycles : an international journal for reviews and communications in heterocyclic chemistry 88(2), 919-927, 2014-01-01
NAID 40019927823