medulla

毛

• 毛髄質、毛髄

副腎

• 髄質

脳神経

• 延髄

　 　

WordNet

1. the inner part of an organ or structure in plant or animal
2. remove the pith from (a plant)
3. soft spongelike central cylinder of the stems of most flowering plants
4. of or relating to the medulla of any body part
5. containing or consisting of or resembling bone marrow
6. of or relating to the medulla oblongata

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈U〉骨髄 / =medulla oblongata
2. (植物の茎の中の)髄;(果実などの)やわらかい部分 / 《the ~》(…の)重要な部分,要点《+『of』+『名』》

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/11/26 05:35:45」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

A medulla (/mɪˈdʌlə/; plural medullas or medullae) is the middle of something. The word came to English and ISV from Latin, where it means marrow (and came from medius, middle). Its anatomical uses include:

• Medulla oblongata, a part of the brain stem
• Medulla spinalis, an alternative name for the spinal cord
• Renal medulla, a part of the kidney
• Adrenal medulla, a part of the adrenal gland
• Medulla ossea, the marrow inside a bone
• Medulla of ovary
• Medulla of thymus
• Medulla of lymph node
• Medulla (hair)
• Medullary cavity, the area inside a bone where marrow is stored
• Medullary ray (disambiguation)
• Used in medullated, a deprecated word for myelinated neurons.

Non-medical uses of the term include:

• Medúlla, a 2004 music album by Icelandic singer Björk
• Medulla, Florida, a U.S. city
• Las Médulas, Ancient Roman gold mines in León, Spain
• Medulla Grammatice or Medulla Grammaticae, a fifteenth-century Latin–Middle English dictionary
• Medulla (lichenology), a layer of the internal structure of a lichen
• In botany the word pith is loosely used as synonymous with medulla.

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

• Distribution patterns of stromal eosinophil cells in chick thymus during postnatal development.

• Huang HB, Liu YX, Hou Y, Wen L, Ge XH, Peng KM, Liu HZ.SourceDepartment of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
• Veterinary immunology and immunopathology.Vet Immunol Immunopathol.2013 May 15;153(1-2):123-7. doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.12.008. Epub 2012 Dec 28.
• Eosinophils are a type of thymic stromal cell that are present in the thymus of both humans and mice. They participate in regulating T-cell development under non-pathological conditions. However, studies are scarce regarding the role of eosinophils in the development of the thymus in chickens. There
• PMID 23333191

• Sex Differences in Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Modulation of Ang (1-7) Levels in Normotensive WKY Rats.

• Bhatia K, Zimmerman MA, Sullivan JC.SourceDepartment of Medicine, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA.
• American journal of hypertension.Am J Hypertens.2013 May;26(5):591-8. doi: 10.1093/ajh/hps088. Epub 2013 Jan 27.
• BACKGROUND Levels of the vasodilatory peptide angiotensin (Ang) (1-7) have been reported to be greater in females than in males, although the molecular mechanism responsible for this is unknown. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), ACE2, and neprilysin are key enzymes regulating Ang (1-7) formation.
• PMID 23547034

• Analgesia induced by localized injection of opiate peptides into the brain of infant rats.

• Barr GA, Wang S.SourceDepartment of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
• European journal of pain (London, England).Eur J Pain.2013 May;17(5):676-91. doi: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2012.00245.x. Epub 2012 Dec 3.
• BACKGROUND: Stimulation of a variety of brain sites electrically or by opiates activates descending inhibitory pathways to attenuate noxious input to the spinal cord dorsal horn and produce analgesia. Analgesia induced by electrical stimulation of the periaqueductal grey (PAG) of the midbrain or med
• PMID 23203254

Japanese Journal

• 正常、手術対照、松果体除去ラット副腎髄質の計量細胞学的研究 : とくに日内時間およびアドレナリン細胞・ノルアドレナリン細胞間差異との関連(1)分析・統合結果を中心として

• 弘前医療福祉大学紀要 7(1), 1-16, 2016-03-31
• NAID 40020778228

• Imaging Mass Spectrometry Reveals Acyl-Chain- and Region-Specific Sphingolipid Metabolism in the Kidneys of Sphingomyelin Synthase 2-Deficient Mice

• PLoS ONE 11(3), e0152191, 2016-03-24
• NAID 120005753724

• Ultrastructural Localization of Endogenous Exchange Factor for ARF6 in Adrenocortical Cells In Situ of Mice

• ACTA HISTOCHEMICA ET CYTOCHEMICA advpub(0), 2016
• NAID 130005157635

Related Links

• MidNightMeal Records

ミッドナイトミールレコードオフィシャルサイト

• Amazon.co.jp: Bjork : Medulla - 音楽

内容紹介. Bjork is one of the most recognized stars in the world. She has sold millions of copies of her groundbreaking albums, she is an icon of cutting edge style, and she h

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「髄芽腫」「延髄」「髄」「medullary」「pith」
拡張検索	「adrenomedullary」

「髄芽腫」

　　[★]

medulla 'bone marrow'

英

medulloblastoma

同

髄芽細胞腫

疫学

SCN.174

• 男女=1.7:1
• まれに20歳以降
• 2/3は15歳以下、30%が15-35歳 (ATP.488)

好発部位

SCN.174

• 小児(5-10歳)で小脳虫部。時に小脳半球

病理

• 小型円型異型細胞が密に増殖。クロマチンに富み、核は類円形。細胞質は乏しい。核分裂増は多い
• rosettes様配列(花環状配列, Homer-Wright型ロゼット)
• N-CAM：強陽性　←　神経細胞由来？
• GFAP±
• MIB-1 LI：約20%
• (他のembryonal tumorと区別するにはさらにマーカーが必要)
• WHO grade IV

CNS tumor: embryonal tumor

• medulloblastoma： WHO grades of CNS tumor = IV
• CNS primitive neuroectodermal tumor PNET： WHO grades of CNS tumor = IV
• atypical teratoid tumor/atypical rhabdoid tumor： WHO grades of CNS tumor = IV

進展・転移

• 周囲組織に浸潤傾向が強い
• くも膜下腔に播種しやすい

症状

• 頭痛、嘔吐(噴出性の嘔吐)、体幹運動失調(転びやすい)
• 乳幼児では水頭症で初発することがある。　←　小脳虫部に原発して第四脳室を閉塞しうることと、乳幼児では前述の症状を訴えにくいことによる

検査

MRI

• T1：低信号
• T2：等信号～高信号
• T1強調画像Gd造影：著明に増強

治療

SCN.175

• 方針：手術療法で全摘出を目指す。3歳以上には放射線療法と化学療法、3歳未満には化学療法(メトトレキサート)を優先。
• 手術療法
• 放射線療法：喉頭蓋窩、全脳、全脊髄　←　放射線感受性が高い腫瘍
• 化学療法

予後

• 5年生存率：50%以下 (SCN.175)
• 10年生存率：40-50%

参考

• 1. CT - 写真

http://wiki.cns.org/wiki/images/thumb/6/60/MedulloMRI.jpg/250px-MedulloMRI.jpg

• 2. 組織写真

http://frontalcortex.com/?page=oll&topic=24&qid=898

• 3.

http://www.cancer.net/patient/Cancer+Types/Medulloblastoma+-+Childhood/ci.Medulloblastoma+-+Childhood.printer

• 4. [charged] Epidemiology, treatment, and prognosis of medulloblastoma - uptodate [1]

「延髄」

　　[★]

英

medulla, medulla oblongata

ラ

medulla oblongata (B)

中枢

• 心臓血管中枢 (SP.601)
• 嚥下中枢 (SP.719)

臨床関連

• cerebellomedullary malformation

• Arnold Chiari malformation

神経内科

• ワレンベルグ症候群 Wallenberg syndrome：

「髄」

　　[★]

英

pulp、marrow、medulla、pith

関

延髄穿刺、果肉、骨髄、歯髄、髄質、パルプ、赤色骨髄、黄色髄

「medullary」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 延髄の、延髄性の、髄質の、髄質性の

関

bulbar、medulla、medulla oblongata

　 　 　

「pith」

　　[★]

髄、延髄穿刺、延髄穿刺する

関

marrow、medulla、pulp

　 　 　

「adrenomedullary」

　　[★]

• 副腎髄質の

関

adrenal medulla