WordNet

extreme malnutrition and emaciation (especially in children); can result from inadequate intake of food or from malabsorption or metabolic disorders
use inefficiently or inappropriately; "waste heat"; "waste a joke on an unappreciative audience"
cause to grow thin or weak; "The treatment emaciated him" (同)emaciate, macerate
become physically weaker; "Political prisoners are wasting away in many prisons all over the world" (同)rot
any materials unused and rejected as worthless or unwanted; "they collect the waste once a week"; "much of the waste material is carried off in the sewers" (同)waste material, waste matter, waste_product
(law) reduction in the value of an estate caused by act or neglect (同)permissive waste
useless or profitless activity; using or expending or consuming thoughtlessly or carelessly; "if the effort brings no compensating gain it is a waste"; "mindless dissipation of natural resources" (同)wastefulness, dissipation
spend thoughtlessly; throw away; "He wasted his inheritance on his insincere friends"; "You squandered the opportunity to get and advanced degree" (同)blow, squander
run off as waste; "The water wastes back into the ocean" (同)run_off
get rid of; "We waste the dirty water by channeling it into the sewer"
use up the whole supply of; "We have exhausted the food supplies"
eliminate (a substance); "combustion products are exhausted in the engine"; "the plant releases a gas" (同)discharge, expel, eject, release
gases ejected from an engine as waste products (同)exhaust fumes, fumes
wear out completely; "This kind of work exhausts me"; "Im beat"; "He was all washed up after the exam" (同)wash_up, beat, tucker, tucker out
system consisting of the parts of an engine through which burned gases or steam are discharged (同)exhaust system
(economics) the utilization of economic goods to satisfy needs or in manufacturing; "the consumption of energy has increased steadily" (同)economic consumption, usance, use, use of goods and services
the process of taking food into the body through the mouth (as by eating) (同)ingestion, intake, uptake
the act of consuming something (同)using up, expenditure
extreme fatigue
the act of exhausting something entirely

PrepTutorEJDIC

(…に)〈金・時間・路力など〉‘を'『むだに使う』,浪費する《+名+on+名》 / 〈好機など〉‘を'『利用しそこなう』 / 〈体力など〉‘を'『消耗させる』,衰えさせる / 《しばしば受動態で》〈国土など〉‘を'『破壊する』, / 《米俗》…‘を'殺す(kill) / 〈体が〉(だんだん)衰える,やせる,弱る《+away》 / 《まれ》〈物が〉(少しずつ)減る,少なくなる / 〈U〉《時に a~》(…の)『むだ使い』,浪費《+of+名》 / 〈U〉〈C〉《しばしば複数形で》『廃物』,くず,残り物(garbage) / 〈C〉《おもに文》荒野,荒れ地;荒涼とした広がり / 『荒れ果てた』,不毛の:耕されていない;使用されていない / 『廃物の』,くずの,残り物の
《しばしば受動態で》(…で)〈人〉‘を'『疲れ果てさせる』,消耗させる《+『名』〈人〉+『by』(『from, with』)+『名』(do『ing』)》 / 《しばしば受動態で》〈蓄え・体力など〉‘を'『使い果たす』 / …‘を'研究し尽くす,論じ尽くす / (…から)〈空気・水・ガスなど〉‘を'抜き出す,からにする《+『名』+『from』+『名』》 / (空気・水・ガスなどを)…‘から'抜き出す《+『名』+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉(エンジンなどからの)排気 / (またexhaust gas, exhaust fumes)〈U〉排気ガス / (またexhaust pipe)〈C〉排気管
『消費』《時に形容詞を伴ってa~》(…の)消費高(量) / (体力の)消耗 / 《古》肺病,肺結核
(資源・精力などを)使い果たすこと,(…の)枯渇《+『of』+『名』》 / 極度の疲労

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/23 15:33:00」(JST)

wiki en

Marasmus is a form of severe malnutrition characterized by energy deficiency. A child with marasmus looks emaciated. Body weight is reduced to less than 60% of the normal (expected) body weight for the age.^[1] Marasmus occurrence increases prior to age 1, whereas kwashiorkor occurrence increases after 18 months. It can be distinguished from kwashiorkor in that kwashiorkor is protein deficiency with adequate energy intake whereas marasmus is inadequate energy intake in all forms, including protein. Protein wasting in kwashiorkor may lead to edema.

The prognosis is better than it is for kwashiorkor^[2] but half of severely malnourished children die due to unavailability of adequate treatment.

The word “marasmus” comes from the Greek μαρασμός marasmos ("decay").

Signs and symptoms

Marasmus is commonly represented by a shrunken, wasted appearance, loss of muscle mass and subcutaneous fat mass.^[3] Buttocks and upper limb muscle groups are usually more affected than others. Marasmus is not always linked to severe edema. Other symptoms of marasmus include unusual body temperature (hypothermia, pyrexia), anemia, edema, dehydration (as characterized with consistent thirst and shrunken eyes), hypovolemic shock (weak radial pulse, cold extremities, decreased consciousness), tachypnea (pneumonia, heart failure), abdominal manifestations (distension, decreased or metallic bowel sounds, large or small liver,blood or mucus in the stools), ocular manifestations (corneal lesions associated with vitamin A deficiency), dermal manifestations (evidence of infection, purpura, and ear, nose, and throat symptoms (otitis, rhinitis).

Causes

Marasmus is caused by a severe deficiency of nearly all nutrients, especially protein, carbohydrates, and lipids.

Treatment

It is necessary to treat not only the causes but also the complications of the disorder, including infections, dehydration, and circulation disorders, which are frequently lethal and lead to high mortality if ignored.

Ultimately, marasmus can progress to the point of no return when the body's ability for protein synthesis is lost. At this point, attempts to correct the disorder by giving food or protein are futile.^{[citation needed]}

Epidemiology

Disability-adjusted life year for protein-energy malnutrition per 100,000 inhabitants in 2002.^[4]

no data

less than 10

10–100

100–200

200–300

300–400

400–500

500–600

600–700

700–800

800–1000

1000–1350

more than 1350

References

^ Appleton & Vanbergen, Metabolism and Nutrition, Medicine Crash Course 4th ed. Moseby (London: 2013) p.130
^ Badaloo AV, Forrester T, Reid M, Jahoor F (June 2006). "Lipid kinetic differences between children with kwashiorkor and those with marasmus". Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 83 (6): 1283–8. PMID 16762938.
^ Rabinowitz, Simon. "MD, PhD, FAAP". Emedicine Medscape. Medscape. p. 28. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
^ "Mortality and Burden of Disease Estimates for WHO Member States in 2002" (XLS). World Health Organization. 2002.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. Malnutrition in children in resource-limited countries: Clinical assessment
2. Severe malnutrition in children in resource-limited countries: Treatment
3. 成人における神経性食思不振症：合併症の評価およびこれらの合併症管理のための入院基準 anorexia nervosa in adults evaluation for medical complications and criteria for hospitalization to manage these complications
4. 小児の栄養障害と関連した微量栄養素欠乏 micronutrient deficiencies associated with malnutrition in children
5. 開発途上国の小児における持続性下痢 persistent diarrhea in children in developing countries

English Journal

Risk factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Sourianarayanane A, Garg G, Smith TH, Butt MI, McCullough AJ, Shen B.SourceDepartment of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States. Electronic address: souria@upmc.edu.
Journal of Crohn's & colitis.J Crohns Colitis.2013 Sep 1;7(8):e279-85. doi: 10.1016/j.crohns.2012.10.015. Epub 2012 Nov 15.
BACKGROUND: Metabolic risk factors are associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but they are less frequent in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).AIM: This study evaluates the frequency of NAFLD and its risk factors among IBD patients including anti-TNF-α therapy.METHODS: IBD patient
PMID 23158500

Protein-energy malnutrition induces an aberrant acute-phase response and modifies the circadian rhythm of core temperature.

Smith SE, Ramos RA, Refinetti R, Farthing JP, Paterson PG.Sourcea College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada.
Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquée, nutrition et métabolisme.Appl Physiol Nutr Metab.2013 Aug;38(8):844-53. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2012-0420. Epub 2013 Mar 21.
Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), present in 12%-19% of stroke patients upon hospital admission, appears to be a detrimental comorbidity factor that impairs functional outcome, but the mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Because ischemic brain injury is highly temperature-sensitive, the objectives
PMID 23855272

Effect of a probiotic fermented milk on the thymus in Balb/c mice under non-severe protein-energy malnutrition.

Núñez IN, Galdeano CM, Carmuega E, Weill R, de Moreno de Leblanc A, Perdigón G.SourceCentro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Chacabuco 145, San Miguel de Tucumán (T4000ILC) Tucumán, Argentina.
The British journal of nutrition.Br J Nutr.2013 Aug;110(3):500-8. doi: 10.1017/S0007114512005302. Epub 2013 Jan 3.
PMID 23286742

Japanese Journal

Serum ghrelin levels in children with primary protein-energy malnutrition

ALTINKAYNAK Sevin,SELIMOGLU Mukadder A.,ERTEKIN Vildan,KILICARSLAN Buket
Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society 50(4), 429-431, 2008-08-01
NAID 10025344077

臨床研究・症例報告メキシコの重度栄養不良5症例--マラスムスまたはクワシオルコールへ進展する決定要因とメキシコの社会的要因について文献的検討

尾上幸子
小児科臨床 61(2), 265-270, 2008-02-00
NAID 40015800728

アフガニスタン難民の低栄養児の月別変動の検討 : 年齢,性別,重症度を中心に

加賀谷厚
Dokkyo journal of medical sciences 31(1), 65-72, 2004-03-25
難民小児の栄養支援方針を得るために, 2001年11月から2002年3月までの5ヶ月間, JIFF (日本国際親善厚生財団)の一員として,パキスタンのペシャワールでアフガニスタン難民の低体重児6859人中,低栄養児4868人(O〜5歳)について月別の性差,年齢比率,重症度の割合などを検討した.低栄養は,体重別の重症度およびエネルギー蛋白栄養失調疾患の二つの方法で評価した.性差は各月,女児が男児より …
NAID 110004101324

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「タンパク質・エネルギー栄養障害」「wasting」「消耗」「consumption」「exhaustion」

「タンパク質・エネルギー栄養障害」

Marasmus
	Child suffering with Marasmus in India
Classification and external resources
ICD-10	E41-E42
ICD-9	261
DiseasesDB	7826
eMedicine	ped/164
MeSH	D011502

　　[★]

英: protein-energy malnutrition, protein energy malnutrition
同: 蛋白・熱量不足栄養障害、蛋白熱量栄養不良
関: 蛋白質カロリー栄養障害、消耗症

[show details]

タンパク質・エネルギー栄養障害 : 29 件
蛋白・熱量不足栄養障害 : 15 件
蛋白熱量栄養不良 : 15 件

分類

「wasting」

　　[★]

adj.

荒廃させる、破壊的な。消耗性の

n.

浪費、濫費。消耗。消尽

wasting of the masseter, temporal and sternomastoid muscles(咬筋、側頭筋、胸鎖乳突筋の筋萎縮)

関: atrophic, consumption, exhaust, exhaustion, exhaustive, marantic, marasmus, waste

「消耗」

　　[★]

英: exhaustion、wasting、waste、consumption、marasmus、exhaust、waste
関: 萎縮性、消費、消耗性、廃棄物、疲労困憊、疲弊、消費量、浪費、消耗症、マラスムス、喪失性

「consumption」

　　[★]

n.

消費、消費量、(古くは肺結核を意味した)消耗

関: consume、economics、exhaust、exhaustion、expenditure、marasmus、production、spend、waste、wasting

「exhaustion」

　　[★]

n.

使い尽くすこと、消耗、枯渇
極度の疲労、疲労困憊、消耗。(極度の緊張・疲労による)ノイローゼ

関: consumption、exhaust、marasmus、prostrate、waste、wasting

[1] Appleton & Vanbergen, Metabolism and Nutrition, Medicine Crash Course 4th ed. Moseby (London: 2013) p.130

[pmid16762938-2] Badaloo AV, Forrester T, Reid M, Jahoor F (June 2006). "Lipid kinetic differences between children with kwashiorkor and those with marasmus". Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 83 (6): 1283–8. PMID 16762938.

[3] Rabinowitz, Simon. "MD, PhD, FAAP". Emedicine Medscape. Medscape. p. 28. Retrieved 29 January 2015.

[4] "Mortality and Burden of Disease Estimates for WHO Member States in 2002" (XLS). World Health Organization. 2002.

匿名

検索

案内

案内

marasmus