WordNet

not intense; "low-level radiation"
occurring at a relatively low altitude; "a low-level strafing run" (同)low-altitude
at a low level in rank or importance; "a low-level job"; "low-level discussions"
(computer science) the format of sectors on the surface of a hard disk drive so that the operating system can access them and setting a starting position (同)initialization, initialisation
(medicine) radioactive waste consisting of objects that have been briefly exposed to radioactivity (as in certain medical tests)
talk frankly with; lay it on the line; "I have to level with you"
become level or even; "The ground levelled off" (同)level off
indicator that establishes the horizontal when a bubble is centered in a tube of liquid (同)spirit_level
height above ground; "the water reached ankle level"; "the pictures were at the same level"
an abstract place usually conceived as having depth; "a good actor communicates on several levels"; "a simile has at least two layers of meaning"; "the mind functions on many strata simultaneously" (同)layer, stratum
tear down so as to make flat with the ground; "The building was levelled" (同)raze, rase, dismantle, tear down, take_down, pull down
not showing abrupt variations; "spoke in a level voice"; "she gave him a level look"- Louis Auchincloss (同)unwavering
aim at; "level criticism or charges at somebody"
being on a precise horizontal plane; "a billiard table must be level"
oriented at right angles to the plumb; "the picture is level"
unrefined in character; "low comedy"
an air mass of lower pressure; often brings precipitation; "a low moved in over night bringing sleet and snow" (同)depression
a low level or position or degree; "the stock market fell to a new low"
used of sounds and voices; low in pitch or frequency (同)low-pitched
very low in volume; "a low murmur"; "the low-toned murmur of the surf" (同)low-toned
in a low position; near the ground; "the branches hung low"
less than normal in degree or intensity or amount; "low prices"; "the reservoir is low"
literal meanings; being at or having a relatively small elevation or upward extension; "low ceilings"; "low clouds"; "low hills"; "the sun is low"; "low furniture"; "a low bow"
British political cartoonist (born in New Zealand) who created the character Colonel Blimp (1891-1963) (同)David Low, Sir David Low, Sir David Alexander Cecil Low
the basic unit of money in Bulgaria

PrepTutorEJDIC

(土地などが)『平らな』,水平な,凸凹のない / 『同じ高さ(程度)の』 / 《話》精神状態がよくつり合いのとれた,分別のある / 〈U〉〈C〉(地位・程度などの一般的な)『標準』,『水準』,レベル / 〈C〉(高さ・深さの基準となる)『水平面』,水平線 / 〈C〉〈U〉(ある物と比べたときの)『高さ』,深さ / 〈C〉(建物の)階,層 / 〈C〉《おもに米》(水準器《英》spirit level) / 〈物の表面〉‘を'『平らにする』 / 〈木・家など〉‘を'倒す / 〈地位・程度など〉‘を'一様にする,平均する / 《『level』+『名』+『at』+『名』》(目標に)〈銃など〉の水準器を合わせる / 《『level』+『名』+『at』(『against』)+『名』〈人〉》(人に)〈非難など〉‘を'浴びせる / 水平に,平らに
(高さ・位置が)『低い』,低い所にある / (価格・数量・程度などが)『低い』,少ない / (身分・地位などが)『低い』,卑しい / (人格・行為などが)『卑しい』,下劣な,下品な / 《補語にのみ用いて》(体が)『弱った』;元気のない,憂うつな / (供給が)不十分な;(…が)乏しい《+『in』(『on』)+『名』》 / (音・声が)低い,小さい / (生物が)下等な / 『低く』,低い所に / (価格・程度などが)『安く』,低く / 低い声(調子)で;静かに / 最低点,最低水準
(牛の)モーという鳴き声 / (牛が)モーと鳴く

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/07/11 22:12:03」(JST)

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High-level and low-level are terms used in classifying levels of description and goals in many fields where systems could be described from different perspectives.

A high-level description is one that describes "top-level" goals, overall systemic features, is more abstracted, and is typically more concerned with the system as a whole, and its goals.

A low-level description is one that describes individual components, detail rather than overview, rudimentary functions rather than complex overall ones, and is typically more concerned with individual components within the system and how they operate. Low and high level are relative; for example the graphics engine that drives a computer game and works at the level of entities in the game, is high level compared to the video subsystem DirectX that works on the level of renderable objects, which itself is high level compared to a vertex shader within that system.

Differences and similarities[edit]

Due to the nature of complex systems, the high-level description will often be completely different from the low level one. For example, there are features to an ant colony that are not features of any individual ant; features of the human mind that are not known to be descriptive of individual neurons in the brain, features of oceans which are not features of any individual water molecule, and features to a human personality that are not features of any cell in a body. The descriptions of these differ depending at what level they are studied. Features which emerge only at a high level of description are known as epiphenomena.

Common places where high-level and low-level descriptions occur are in social groups, computer science, cognitive science and neuroscience, documentation, business, strategy, and human behavior.

Uses[edit]

In computer science, a high-level programming language is one which has a relatively high level of abstraction, and manipulates conceptual structures in a semi-naturalistic manner. A low-level programming language is one like assembly language that contains rudimentary microprocessor commands.
In formal methods, a high-level formal specification can be related to a low-level executable implementation (e.g., formally by mathematical proof using formal verification techniques).
In sociology and social anthropology, high-level descriptions would be terms like economy and political structure, and low level descriptions would be individual peoples' motivations and work.
In neuroscience, high-level and low-level would relate to the functioning of a cell (or part of a cell, or molecule) and high level to the overall function or activity of a neural system.
In documentation, a high-level document contains the executive summary, the low-level documents the technical specifications.
In business, corporate strategy is a high-level description, a list of who does what jobs is a low level description.

Examples[edit]

Climate is a high-level description of the actions of the atmosphere and oceans. Physics of water and gas molecules is a low-level description of the same system.

The instruction "write a creative poem on love" is a high-level instruction. The instruction "tighten the tendons in the dominant wrist to grip the pen" is a low-level description of an activity within that.

"Wikipedia is an encyclopedia" is a high-level description compared to "Wikipedia is a collection of textual articles on many topics". The former reflects a higher level view of organization, purpose, concept and structure, but does not explain what Wikipedia physically is. The latter is more detailed as to what exactly Wikipedia contains and how it's made up, but doesn't explain what its overall purpose and goals are. These are typical features of high-level and low-level descriptions.

UpToDate Contents

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4. ストレス骨折の概要 overview of stress fractures
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English Journal

Low level of selenium increases the efficacy of 24-epibrassinolide through altered physiological and biochemical traits of Brassica juncea plants.

Naz FS1, Yusuf M2, Khan TA1, Fariduddin Q3, Ahmad A1.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2015 Oct 15;185:441-8. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.04.016. Epub 2015 Apr 11.
This study was conducted to provide an insight into the effect of Se (through soil) induced changes in Brassica juncea plants in the presence and absence of 24-epibrassinolide (EBL; foliar). The Se treatments showed dual response, 10μM of Se significantly increased growth, water relations, photosyn
PMID 25952891

Transformations of chloro and nitro groups during the peroxymonosulfate-based oxidation of 4-chloro-2-nitrophenol.

Zhou J1, Xiao J1, Xiao D1, Guo Y1, Fang C1, Lou X1, Wang Z2, Liu J1.
Chemosphere.Chemosphere.2015 Sep;134:446-51. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.05.027. Epub 2015 May 23.
Dechlorination and denitration are known to occur during the oxidative degradation of chloronitroaromatic compounds, but the possibility of re-chlorination and re-nitration of chloro and nitro groups is not assessed despite of its importance in evaluating the applicability of advanced oxidation proc
PMID 26001937

Decreasing self-reported cognitive biases and increasing clinical insight through meta-cognitive training in patients with chronic schizophrenia.

Gawęda Ł1, Krężołek M2, Olbryś J3, Turska A3, Kokoszka A3.
Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry.J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry.2015 Sep;48:98-104. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2015.02.002. Epub 2015 Mar 5.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of meta-cognitive training (MCT) on cognitive biases, symptoms, clinical insight, and general functioning among low-level functioning persons diagnosed with chronic schizophrenia who were attending a daily Community Social Sup
PMID 25775947

Expression and purification recombinant antihypertensive peptide ameliorates hypertension in rats with spontaneous hypertension.

Wang XL1, Ma SN2, Yuan YH2, Ding Y2, Li DS2.
Protein expression and purification.Protein Expr Purif.2015 Sep;113:30-4. doi: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.05.001. Epub 2015 May 8.
A highly efficient Escherichia coli expression system was established to obtain an appreciable quantity of antihypertensive peptide. The DNA-coding sequence for the Gly-Val-Tyr-Pro-His-Lys peptide was chemically synthesized and linked to form a ten-copy in tandem. It was cloned into the vector pET-1
PMID 25962740