lobus posterior hypophyseos

下垂体後葉

WordNet

1. propel in a high arc; "lob the tennis ball"
2. an easy return of a tennis ball in a high arc
3. the act of propelling something (as a ball or shell etc.) in a high arc
4. located at or near or behind a part or near the end of a structure

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (テニスで)〈ボール〉‘を'ゆるく高く打ち上げる / (クリケットで)〈ボール〉‘を'下手投げでゆるく投げる / (テニスで)ボールをロブで返す / (テニスの)ロブで打った球 / (クリケットの)下手投げの緩い球
2. 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》(生物学的に,位置が)後ろの,後部の / (時間・順序が)後の;(…より)後の《+『to』+『名』》(later) / しり(buttocks)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/06/14 00:43:38」(JST)

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Posterior pituitary
Pituitary gland. Posterior pituitary is in blue and Anterior pituitary is in orange. Pars nervosa and infundibular stalk are not labeled, but pars nervosa is at bottom and infundibular stalk is at top.
Median sagittal through the hypophysis of an adult monkey. (Posterior lobe labeled at bottom right.)
Details
Precursor	Neural tube (downward-growth of the diencephalon)
Artery	inferior hypophyseal artery
Vein	hypophyseal vein
Identifiers
Latin	Pars nervosa glandulae pituitariae, pars nervosa hypophyseos, lobus posterior hypophyseos
MeSH	A06.407.747.734
NeuroLex ID	Neurohypophosis
Dorlands /Elsevier	Posterior pituitary hormones
TA	A11.1.00.006
FMA	74628
Anatomical terminology

The posterior pituitary (or neurohypophysis) is the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland which is part of the endocrine system. The posterior pituitary is not glandular as is the anterior pituitary. Instead, it is largely a collection of axonal projections from the hypothalamus that terminate behind the anterior pituitary which serves as a site for the secretion of neurohypophysial hormones (oxytocin and vasopressin) directly into the blood. The hypothalamic–neurohypophyseal system is composed of the hypothalamus (the paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus), posterior pituitary, and these axonal projections.

Structure

The posterior pituitary consists mainly of neuronal projections (axons) of magnocellular neurosecretory cells extending from the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus. These axons store and release neurohypophysial hormones oxytocin and vasopressin into the neurohypohyseal capillaries, from there they get into the systemic circulation (and partly back into the hypophyseal portal system). In addition to axons, the posterior pituitary also contains pituicytes, specialized glial cells resembling astrocytes assisting in the storage and release of the hormones.

Classification of the posterior pituitary varies, but most sources include the two regions below:

Pars nervosa

Also called the neural lobe or posterior lobe, this region constitutes the majority of the posterior pituitary and is the storage site of oxytocin and vasopressin. Sometimes (incorrectly) considered synonymous with the posterior pituitary, the pars nervosa includes Herring bodies and pituicytes.

Infundibular stalk

Also known as the infundibulum or pituitary stalk, the infundibular stalk bridges the hypothalamic and hypophyseal systems.

The median eminence is only occasionally included as part of the posterior pituitary. Other sources specifically exclude it from the pituitary.

A few sources include the pars intermedia as part of the posterior lobe, but this is a minority view. It is based upon the gross anatomical separation of the posterior and anterior pituitary along the cystic remnants of Rathke's pouch, causing the pars intermedia to remain attached to the neurohypophysis.

Function

Hormone secretion

Two hormones are classically considered as being related to the posterior pituitary: oxytocin and vasopressin. These hormones are created in the hypothalamus and released in the posterior pituitary. After creation, they are stored in neurosecretory vesicles regrouped into Herring bodies before being secreted in the posterior pituitary via the bloodstream.

Hormone	Other names	Symbol(s)	Main targets	Effect	Source
Oxytocin		OT	Uterus, mammary glands	Uterine contractions; lactation	supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei
Vasopressin	Antidiuretic hormone	VP, AVP, ADH	Kidneys and arterioles	Stimulates water retention; raises blood pressure by contracting arterioles	supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei

Clinical significance

Insufficient secretion of vasopressin underlies diabetes insipidus, a condition in which the body loses the capacity to concentrate urine. Affected individuals excrete as much as 20 liters of dilute urine per day. Oversecretion of vasopressin causes the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).

See also

This article uses anatomical terminology; for an overview, see Anatomical terminology.

• Anterior pituitary

External links

• www.pituitary.org — The Pituitary Network Association

Additional images

• The posterior pituitary comprises the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

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Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「下垂体後葉」
関連記事	「posterior」「lobus」

「下垂体後葉」

　　[★]

英

posterior pituitary (Z), posterior lobe of hypophysis

ラ

lobus posterior hypophyseos

同

神経下垂体 neurohypophysis (Z)、神経性下垂体

関

下垂体

• N.140

発生学的由来

• 第三脳室が突出したもの(PT.408)
• 間脳腹側部の神経上皮の一部より生じる

解剖

• 弓状核、傍室核、視索上核から軸索が伸びており、下垂体後葉に終止する

機能

• 下垂体後葉ホルモンの分泌

• プロラクチン
• バソプレシン

-神経性下垂体

-neurohypophysis

「posterior」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 後側の、後方の、後の

関

after、afterward、afterwards、backward、behind、following、late、post、posteriorly、subsequent

　 　

「lobus」

　　[★]

• n.

• 葉

関

blade、foliage、foliar、leaf、leaves、lobe、plant leaf、plant leaves