関節滲出液

WordNet

come into the company of; "She joined him for a drink"
cause to become joined or linked; "join these two parts so that they fit together" (同)bring together
make contact or come together; "The two roads join here" (同)conjoin
become part of; become a member of a group or organization; "He joined the Communist Party as a young man" (同)fall_in, get together
united or combined; "a joint session of Congress"; "joint owners"
marijuana leaves rolled into a cigarette for smoking (同)marijuana cigarette, reefer, stick, spliff
a disreputable place of entertainment
junction by which parts or objects are joined together
(anatomy) the point of connection between two bones or elements of a skeleton (especially if it allows motion) (同)articulation, articulatio
provide with a joint; "the carpenter jointed two pieces of wood" (同)articulate
affecting or involving two or more; "joint income-tax return"; "joint ownership"
fasten with a joint
fit as if by joints; "The boards fit neatly"
involving both houses of a legislature; "a joint session of Congress"
separate (meat) at the joint
flow under pressure
an unrestrained expression of emotion (同)gush, outburst, blowup, ebullition
the act of bringing two things into contact (especially for communication); "the joining of hands around the table"; "there was a connection via the internet" (同)connection, connexion
having joints or jointed segments;

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈二つ以上のもの〉‘を'『つなぐ』,結合する《+『名』+『together』(『up』)》;(…に)…‘を'つなぐ《+『名』+『to』(『onto』)+『名』》 / (線などで)〈二つ以上のもの〉‘の'間を結ぶ(つなぐ)《+『名』+『by』(『with』)+『名』》 / (友情・結婚などで)〈人〉‘を'結びつける《+『名』+『in』+『名』》 / 〈川・道などが〉…‘と'いっしょになる,合流する / 〈会など〉‘に'『加入する』 / (…で)〈人〉‘の'『仲間に入る』,‘と'いっしょになる《+『名』〈人〉+『in』(『for』)+『名』,+『名』〈人〉+『in』do『ing』》 / (…に)『加わる』《+『in』+『名』〈事〉/+『in』『with』+『名』〈人〉》 / (人と…を)『ともにする』《+『with』+『名』〈人〉+『in』+『名』(doing)》 / 〈川・道などが〉『いっしょになる』,合流する / 接合箇所(点,面,線);継ぎ目
『関節』 / 『継ぎ目』,接合箇所,合わせ目 / 継ぎ目と継ぎ目の間の部分,節 / (二つの部分を継いだり支えたりするのに用いる)継ぎ手,ジョイント / (枝や葉の)つけ根,節 / (骨付きの)肉の大切り身 / 《俗》安酒場,とばく宿,アヘン窟(くつ) / 『共同の』,共有の;連帯の,連合の / 両院合同の;二院制議会の両院の / …‘を'継ぎ合わせる;…‘を'継ぎ目(関節)でつなぐ / …‘を'継ぎ目で分ける;〈鳥・肉など〉‘を'関節で切り分ける
〈U〉流出,噴出;〈C〉流出物(量) / 〈C〉(感情・言葉などの,通例過剰な)吐露,ほとばしり
継ぎ目のある;関節のある

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/04/23 23:52:09」(JST)

wiki en

A joint effusion is the presence of increased intra-articular fluid.^[1] It may affect any joint. Commonly it involves the knee.

Differential diagnosis

There are many causes of joint effusion. It may result from trauma, inflammation, hematologic conditions, or infections.^[1]

Septic arthritis

Septic arthritis is the purulent invasion of a joint by an infectious agent^[2] with a resultant large effusion due to inflammation.^[3]

Gout

Gout is usually present with recurrent attacks of acute inflammatory arthritis (red, tender, hot, swollen joint). It is caused by elevated levels of uric acid in the blood that crystallizes and deposits in joints, tendons, and surrounding tissues. Gout affects 1% of individuals in Western populations at some point in their lives.^[4]

Trauma

Trauma from ligamentous, osseous or meniscal injuries can result in an effusion.^[5] These are often hemarthrosis or bloody effusions.

Diagnostic approach

Skyline view of the patella demonstrating a large joint effusion as marked by the arrow.

A schematic drawing showing the sail sign which represents an effusion.

The approach to diagnosis depends on the joint involved. While aspiration of the joint is considered the gold standard of treatment, this can be difficult for joints such as the hip. Ultrasound may be used both the verify the existence of an effusion and to guide aspiration.^[6]

References

^ ^a ^b Mathison DJ, Teach SJ (November 2009). "Approach to knee effusions". Pediatr Emerg Care 25 (11): 773–86; quiz 787–8. doi:10.1097/PEC.0b013e3181bec987. PMID 19915432.
^ "septic arthritis" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
^ Marx, John (2010). Rosen's emergency medicine: concepts and clinical practice 7th edition. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby/Elsevier. p. Chapter 134. ISBN 978-0-323-05472-0.
^ Chen LX, Schumacher HR (October 2008). "Gout: an evidence-based review". J Clin Rheumatol 14 (5 Suppl): S55–62. doi:10.1097/RHU.0b013e3181896921. PMID 18830092.
^ Johnson MW (April 2000). "Acute knee effusions: a systematic approach to diagnosis". Am Fam Physician 61 (8): 2391–400. PMID 10794580.
^ Marx, John (2010). Rosen's emergency medicine: concepts and clinical practice 7th edition. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby/Elsevier. p. Chapter 53. ISBN 978-0-323-05472-0.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 滑液検査 synovial fluid analysis
2. 成人における単関節痛の評価 evaluation of the adult with monoarticular pain
3. 成人における膝痛の総合的評価 general evaluation of the adult with knee pain
4. 跛行を呈する小児に対するアプローチ approach to the child with a limp
5. 細菌性関節炎：幼児および小児における臨床的特徴および診断 bacterial arthritis clinical features and diagnosis in infants and children

English Journal

Novel joint cupping clinical maneuver for ultrasonographic detection of knee joint effusions.

Uryasev O, Joseph OC, McNamara JP, Dallas AP.SourceVirginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA. Electronic address: ouryasev@carilionclinic.org.
The American journal of emergency medicine.Am J Emerg Med.2013 Nov;31(11):1598-600. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2013.08.011. Epub 2013 Sep 14.
INTRODUCTION: Knee effusions occur due to traumatic and atraumatic causes. Clinical diagnosis currently relies on several provocative techniques to demonstrate knee joint effusions. Portable bedside ultrasonography (US) is becoming an adjunct to diagnosis of effusions. We hypothesized that a US appr
PMID 24041637

Combined arthroscopic synovectomy and radiosynoviorthesis in the treatment of chronic non-specific synovitis of the knee.

Akmeşe R, Yildiz KI, Işik C, Tecimel O, Bilgetekin YG, Firat A, Ozakinci H, Bozkurt M.SourceOrthopaedics and Traumatology Department, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, İbni Sina Hospital, Altındağ, Ankara, Turkey, akmeser@gmail.com.
Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery.Arch Orthop Trauma Surg.2013 Nov;133(11):1567-73. doi: 10.1007/s00402-013-1853-z. Epub 2013 Sep 19.
INTRODUCTION: Chronic non-specific synovitis has a higher recurrence rate with arthroscopic synovectomy due to the insufficient removal of all pathological tissues. Neither has radiosynoviorthesis been sufficiently effective in treatment in contrast to cases of chronic specific synovitis such as rhe
PMID 24048363

Temporomandibular joints in patients with rheumatoid arthritis using magnetic resonance imaging.

Uchiyama Y, Murakami S, Furukawa S.SourceDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan, momoka@dent.osaka-u.ac.jp.
Clinical rheumatology.Clin Rheumatol.2013 Nov;32(11):1613-8. doi: 10.1007/s10067-013-2323-2. Epub 2013 Jul 16.
The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the pathogenic duration of rheumatoid arthritis in joints other than the temporomandibular joint and bone and soft tissue involvement of the temporomandibular joint using magnetic resonance imaging. Twenty-six symptomatic patients diagn
PMID 23857661