WordNet

make apparent by ones mood or behavior; "She exudes great confidence"
release (a liquid) in drops or small quantities; "exude sweat through the pores" (同)exudate, transude, ooze out, ooze
spread gradually; "Light percolated into our house in the morning"
the product of percolation
pass through; "Water permeates sand easily" (同)sink in, permeate, filter
cause (a solvent) to pass through a permeable substance in order to extract a soluble constituent
prepare in a percolator; "percolate coffee"
cause (a liquid) to leach or percolate
the process of leaching (同)leaching
permeate or penetrate gradually; "the fertilizer leached into the ground" (同)percolate
remove substances from by a percolating liquid; "leach the soil" (同)strip
the slow passage of a liquid through a filtering medium; "the percolation of rainwater through the soil"; "the infiltration of seawater through the lava" (同)infiltration
the act of making coffee in a percolator
the filtration of a liquid for extraction or purification
flow under pressure
an unrestrained expression of emotion (同)gush, outburst, blowup, ebullition
pour out; "effused brine" (同)pour_out
give out or emit (also metaphorically); "The room effuses happiness"

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈汗など〉‘を'にじみ出させる;〈気分など〉‘を'発散する / 〈液体・気分などが〉にじみ出る
(…を通して)〈液体〉‘を'ろ過する,こす《+『名』+『through』+『名』》 / (液体が)…‘に'しみ込む / (また《話》『perk』)〈コーヒー〉‘を'パーコレーターで入れる / (…を通って)にじみ出る,しみ出る《+『through』+『名』》 / 《話》元気になる / (また)《話》『perk』)〈コーヒーが〉パーコレーターでろ過される
〈水など〉‘を'こす,ろ過する / (灰・土・鉱石などから)〈可溶成分〉‘を'こして取る《+『out』+『名』(+『名』+『out』)+『from』+『名』》
ろ過,浸透;伝播(でんば),普及
〈U〉流出,噴出;〈C〉流出物(量) / 〈C〉(感情・言葉などの,通例過剰な)吐露,ほとばしり

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/05/01 04:56:12」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

An exudate is any fluid that filters from the circulatory system into lesions or areas of inflammation. It can apply to plants as well as animals. Its composition varies but generally includes water and the dissolved solutes of the main circulatory fluid such as sap or blood. In the case of blood it will contain some or all plasma proteins, white blood cells, platelets, and in the case of local vascular damage: red blood cells. In plants, it can be a healing and defensive response to repel insect attack, or it can be an offensive habit to repel other incompatible or competitive plants. Organisms that feed on exudate are known as exudativores; for example, the Vampire Bat exhibits hematophagy, and the Pygmy marmoset is an obligate gummivore^[1] (primarily eats tree gum).

In humans, exudate can be a pus-like or clear fluid. When an injury occurs, leaving skin exposed, it leaks out of the blood vessels and into nearby tissues. The fluid is composed of serum, fibrin, and white blood cells. Exudate may ooze from cuts or from areas of infection or inflammation.^[2]

Etymology

Exudate is derived from exude, "to ooze,"^[3] from the Latin exsūdāre, "to (ooze) out like sweat" (ex- "out" and sūdāre "to sweat").^[4]

Types

Purulent or suppurative exudate consists of plasma with both active and dead neutrophils, fibrinogen, and necrotic parenchymal cells. This kind of exudate is consistent with more severe infections, and is commonly referred to as pus.
Fibrinous exudate is composed mainly of fibrinogen and fibrin. It is characteristic of rheumatic carditis, but is seen in all severe injuries such as strep throat and bacterial pneumonia. Fibrinous inflammation is often difficult to resolve due to blood vessels growing into the exudate and filling space that was occupied by fibrin. Often, large amounts of antibiotics are necessary for resolution.
Catarhal exudate is seen in the nose and throat and is characterized by a high content of mucus.
Serous exudate (sometimes classified as serous transudate) is usually seen in mild inflammation, with relatively low protein.^[5] Its consistency resembles that of serum, and can usually be seen in certain disease states like tuberculosis. (See below for difference between transudate and exudate)
Malignant (or cancerous) pleural effusion is effusion where cancer cells are present.^[6] It is usually classified as exudate.

Plant exudates

Plant exudates include saps, gums, latex, resin, and sometimes nectar is considered an exudate.^[7]

Plant roots exude a variety of molecules into the rhizosphere, including acids, sugars, polysaccharides and ectoenzymes; this can account for 40% of root carbon.^[8] Exudation of these compounds has various benefits to the plant and to the microorganisms of the rhizosphere.^[9]

Exudates vs. transudates

Transudate vs. exudate view talk edit
	Transudate	Exudate
Main causes	Increased hydrostatic pressure, Decreased colloid osmotic pressure	Inflammation
Appearance	Clear^[10]	Cloudy^[10]
Specific gravity	< 1.012	> 1.020
Protein content	< 25 g/L	> 29 g/L^[11]
fluid protein serum protein	< 0.5	> 0.5^[12]
Difference of albumin content with blood albumin	> 1.2 g/dL	< 1.2 g/dL^[13]
fluid LDH upper limit for serum	< 0.6 or < $⅔$	> 0.6^[11] or > $⅔$ ^[12]
Cholesterol content	< 45 mg/dL	> 45 mg/dL^[11]

There is an important distinction between transudates and exudates. Transudates are caused by disturbances of hydrostatic or colloid osmotic pressure, not by inflammation. They have a low protein content in comparison to exudates. Medical distinction between transudates and exudates is through the measurement of the specific gravity of extracted fluid. Specific gravity is used to measure the protein content of the fluid. The higher the specific gravity, the greater the likelihood of capillary permeability changes in relation to body cavities. For example, the specific gravity of the transudate is usually less than 1.012 and a protein content of less than 2 gm/100mL (2 gm%). Rivalta test may be used to differentiate an exudate from a transudate. It is not clear if there is a distinction in the difference of transudates and exudates in plants.

References

^ Ford, Susan M.; Porter, Leila M.; Davis, Lesa C., ed. (2009). The Smallest Anthropoids: The Marmoset/Callimico Radiation. Springer US. pp. 381–394. ISBN 978-1-4419-0293-1. Retrieved 6 October 2012. "The Functional Significance of Jaw-Muscle Fiber Architecture in Tree-Gouging Marmosets"
^ "Exudate". MedlinePlus.
^ ""Exuded" Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary". Meriam Webster. 2008. Retrieved 2008-07-04.
^ Robert K. Barnhart, ed. (1988). Chambers Dictionary of Etymology. New York: Chambers Harrap Publishers. p. 363. ISBN 0-550-14230-4.
^ Robbins Basic Pathology 7th ed
^ About.com > Malignant Pleural Effusion By Lynne Eldridge MD. Updated March 27, 2010
^ Power, Michael L. (2010). In Anne M. Burrows, Leanne T. Nash. The Evolution of Exudativory in Primates / Nutritional and Digestive Challenges to Being a Gum-feeding Primate. Springer. p. 28. Retrieved 2 October 2012.
^ Marschner, Horst (1995). Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. ISBN 0124735436.
^ Walker, T. S.; Bais, H. P.; Grotewold, E.; Vivanco, J. M. (2003). "Root Exudation and Rhizosphere Biology". Plant Physiology 132 (1): 44–51. doi:10.1104/pp.102.019661. PMC 1540314. PMID 12746510. edit
^ ^a ^b The University of Utah • Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences Library > WebPath images > "Inflammation".
^ ^a ^b ^c Heffner J, Brown L, Barbieri C (1997). "Diagnostic value of tests that discriminate between exudative and transudative pleural effusions. Primary Study Investigators". Chest 111 (4): 970–80. doi:10.1378/chest.111.4.970. PMID 9106577.
^ ^a ^b Light R, Macgregor M, Luchsinger P, Ball W (1972). "Pleural effusions: the diagnostic separation of transudates and exudates". Ann Intern Med 77 (4): 507–13. PMID 4642731.
^ Roth BJ, O'Meara TF, Gragun WH (1990). "The serum-effusion albumin gradient in the evaluation of pleural effusions". Chest 98 (3): 546–9. doi:10.1378/chest.98.3.546. PMID 2152757.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 成人における胸水の診断的評価：初期検査 diagnostic evaluation of a pleural effusion in adults initial testing
2. 成人における胸水の画像検査 imaging of pleural effusions in adults
3. 成人における胸水の診断的評価：病因未確定に対する追加検査 diagnostic evaluation of pleural effusion in adults additional tests for undetermined etiology
4. 新生児における胸水の病因、臨床症状、診断および評価 etiology clinical manifestations diagnosis and evaluation of pleural effusions in the neonate
5. 乳糜胸症の病因、臨床像、および診断 etiology clinical presentation and diagnosis of chylothorax

English Journal

Micromechanical poroelastic finite element and shear-lag models of tendon predict large strain dependent Poisson's ratios and fluid expulsion under tensile loading.

Ahmadzadeh H1, Freedman BR2, Connizzo BK2, Soslowsky LJ2, Shenoy VB3.
Acta biomaterialia.Acta Biomater.2015 Aug;22:83-91. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.04.035. Epub 2015 Apr 29.
As tendons are loaded, they reduce in volume and exude fluid to the surrounding medium. Experimental studies have shown that tendon stretching results in a Poisson's ratio greater than 0.5, with a maximum value at small strains followed by a nonlinear decay. Here we present a computational model tha
PMID 25934322

Predator lipids induce paralytic shellfish toxins in bloom-forming algae.

Selander E1, Kubanek J2, Hamberg M3, Andersson MX4, Cervin G5, Pavia H5.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.2015 May 19;112(20):6395-400. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1420154112. Epub 2015 Apr 27.
Interactions among microscopic planktonic organisms underpin the functioning of open ocean ecosystems. With few exceptions, these organisms lack advanced eyes and thus rely largely on chemical sensing to perceive their surroundings. However, few of the signaling molecules involved in interactions am
PMID 25918403

Congenital midline cervical cleft.

Villanueva-Meyer J1, Glastonbury C1, Marcovici P1.
Journal of radiology case reports.J Radiol Case Rep.2015 Mar 31;9(3):7-11. doi: 10.3941/jrcr.v9i3.2202. eCollection 2015.
Congenital midline cervical cleft is a rare anomaly that typically presents in the neonatal period as a thin suprasternal vertical band of erythematous skin with a nipple-like projection superiorly, which may exude fluid. We present the clinical and pathophysiologic features and the imaging findings
PMID 25926928

Comparison of the response to phosphorus deficiency in two lupin species, Lupinus albus and L. angustifolius, with contrasting root morphology.

Funayama-Noguchi S1, Noguchi K, Terashima I.
Plant, cell & environment.Plant Cell Environ.2015 Mar;38(3):399-410. doi: 10.1111/pce.12390. Epub 2014 Jul 18.
White lupin (Lupinus albus) produces cluster roots, an adaptation to low soil phosphorus (P). Cluster roots exude large levels of P-solubilizing compounds such as citrate and malate. In contrast, narrow leaf lupin (L. angustifolius) is closely related to L. albus, but does not produce cluster ro
PMID 24941862

Japanese Journal

6077 入居2年半・3年半の集合住宅共用部における物の滲み出しの傾向 : 震災復興計画のあり方に関する研究その9(震災復興・再生再建,農村計画)

近藤雅也,後藤隆太郎,岡田知子,重村力,加藤仁美,河野泰治,加藤紀興
学術講演梗概集. E-2, 建築計画II, 住居・住宅地, 農村計画, 教育 2011, 551-552, 2011-07-20
NAID 110009522315

642 入居2年半・3年半の集合住宅共用部における物の滲み出し実態 : 震災復興計画のあり方に関する研究その6(建築計画)

近藤雅也,後藤隆太郎,岡田知子,重村力,加藤仁美,河野泰治,石丸紀興
日本建築学会研究報告. 九州支部. 3, 計画系 (50), 165-168, 2011-03-01
NAID 110008595251

Effect of reflex bleeding of a predatory ladybird beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), as a means of avoiding intraguild predation and its cost

Sato Satoru,Kushibuchi Kohei,Yasuda Hironori
Applied Entomology and Zoology 44(2), 203-206, 2009
… In aphidophagous ladybird beetle, larvae reflexively exude hemolymph, i.e. reflex bleeding, when disturbed. …
NAID 130000142996

61.ソルガム根滲出液に含まれる新規発芽刺激物質(+)-sorgomolの単離および構造決定(口頭発表)

謝肖男,米山香織,楠本大,山田洋一,竹内安智,米山弘一
植物化学調節学会研究発表記録集 (42), 74, 2007-10-05
… Sorghum has already been shown to exude sorgolactone, strigol, and 5-deoxystrigol. …
NAID 110006474754