WordNet

move something or somebody around; usually over long distances
an exchange of molecules (and their kinetic energy and momentum) across the boundary between adjacent layers of a fluid or across cell membranes
move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in ones hands or on ones body; "You must carry your camping gear"; "carry the suitcases to the car"; "This train is carrying nuclear waste"; "These pipes carry waste water into the river" (同)carry
transport commercially (同)send, ship
a particle that is electrically charged (positive or negative); an atom or molecule or group that has lost or gained one or more electrons

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(ある場所からある場所へ)…‘を'『輸送する』,運搬する《+名+from+名+to+名》 / 《文》《受動態で》(…で)…‘を'夢中にする,有頂天にする《+名+with+名》 / 〈罪人〉‘を'流刑にする / 〈U〉輸送,運送,輸送(交通)機関(transportation) / 〈C〉(軍隊や軍需品を運ぶ)輸送船,輸送機
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/25 10:14:36」(JST)

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In biology, an ion transporter, also called an ion pump, is a transmembrane protein that moves ions across a plasma membrane against their concentration gradient, in contrast to ion channels, where ions go through passive transport. These primary transporters are enzymes that convert energy from various sources, including ATP, sunlight, and other redox reactions, to potential energy stored in an electrochemical gradient. This energy is then used by secondary transporters, including ion carriers and ion channels, to drive vital cellular processes, such as ATP synthesis.

Energy source

Such ion pumps can use energy from a variety of sources, including ATP or the concentration gradient of another ion (sometimes called an "ion exchanger"). Symporters transport anions down their concentration gradient to fuel the transport of another type of ion in the same direction, while antiporters also use the concentration gradient in this same manner but transport in the opposite direction. In contrast, uniporters transport a single ion down its concentration gradient. In all of these cases, there is at least one driving ion that travels down its concentration gradient, thereby providing the energy of the system. Ions that are moved up their concentration gradients are called the driven ion. For a more detailed description of one particular kind of ion pump, see Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase.

External links

Ion pumps at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

The Transporter substrate database (TSdb)

UpToDate Contents

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1. 赤血球水分量の制御 control of red blood cell hydration
2. 有口赤血球症 stomatocytosis
3. 鎌状赤血球症に対するヒドロキシ尿素治療または疾患修飾療法 hydroxyurea and other disease modifying therapies in sickle cell disease
4. 微生物標本の収集および輸送 microbiology specimen collection and transport
5. バーター症候群およびギテルマン症候群 bartter and gitelman syndromes

English Journal

Increased salt concentration promotes competitive block of OmpF channel by protons.

Alcaraz A, Queralt-Martín M, García-Giménez E, Aguilella VM.AbstractPorins are channel-forming proteins that are located in the outer membranes (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria and allow the influx of hydrophilic nutrients and the extrusion of waste products. The fine regulation of the ion transport through these wide channels could play an important role in the survival of the bacteria in acidic media. We investigate here the mechanism responsible for the pH sensitivity of the trimeric porin OmpF, of Escherichia coli. Planar lipid bilayer electrophysiology and site-directed mutagenesis were used to study the effect of pH on the ion conductive properties of the OmpF channel in its fully open, "nongated" conformation. At low pH we observe a large drop in the OmpF open channel conductance that is accompanied by a substantial increase of the current noise. These channel features are strongly dependent on the salt concentration and we propose that they are originated by competitive binding of cations and protons occurring in the narrow central constriction of the channel. This subtle mechanism reveals to be capital for the channel function because it not only drives the channel sensitivity to pH but is also indispensable for the particularly efficient permeation mechanism of the channel at physiological conditions (~neutral pH).
Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2012 Nov;1818(11):2777-82. Epub 2012 Jul 10.
Porins are channel-forming proteins that are located in the outer membranes (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria and allow the influx of hydrophilic nutrients and the extrusion of waste products. The fine regulation of the ion transport through these wide channels could play an important role in the survi
PMID 22789813

Synergistic action of Galleria mellonella anionic peptide 2 and lysozyme against Gram-negative bacteria.

Zdybicka-Barabas A, Mak P, Klys A, Skrzypiec K, Mendyk E, Fiołka MJ, Cytryńska M.SourceDepartment of Immunobiology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 St., 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2012 Nov;1818(11):2623-35. Epub 2012 Jun 14.
Lysozyme and antimicrobial peptides are key factors of the humoral immune response in insects. In the present work lysozyme and anionic defense peptide (GMAP2) were isolated from the hemolymph of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella and their antibacterial activity was investigated. Adsorption o
PMID 22705262

Japanese Journal

Current through fullerenes with calcium atom encapsulated

Vanaie Hamidreza,Yaghobi Mojtaba,Asvar Adel,Heidari Ebrahim,Sedaghat Zahra
Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 54(9), 095001, 2015-08-06
… A theoretical study of quantum transport through Ca@C<inf>60</inf>or Ca<sup>2+</sup>@C<inf>60</inf>molecules is considered by using the non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) formalism. … The effects of gate and bias voltages, encapsulation, position and displacement of ion into the cage are important factors in endohedral molecular junction that are considered in the calculations of our study. …
NAID 150000111308

C-axis electrical resistivity of PrO

Nagao Masanori,Miura Akira,Watauchi Satoshi,Takano Yoshihiko,Tanaka Isao
Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 54(8), 083101, 2015-07-24
… The c-axis transport properties were characterized using single-crystal s-shaped intrinsic Josephson junctions with a focused ion beam. … The c-axis transport measurements under a magnetic field parallel to the ab-plane revealed a “lock-in” …
NAID 150000111088

Performance improvement of two-dimensional EUV spectroscopy based on high-frame-rate CCD and signal normalization method in Large Helical Device

Zhang Hongming,Morita Shigeru,Oishi Tetsutarou,Goto Motoshi,Huang Xianli
Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 54(8), 086101, 2015-07-03
… by horizontally scanning a space-resolved extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectrometer during a steady phase in electron cyclotron heating (ECH) and ion cyclotron range of heating (ICRF) discharges with long pulse duration (τ<inf>d</inf>≥ … The performance of 2D EUV spectroscopy, however, was not sufficient for discussing the impurity transport in the ergodic layer from the viewpoints of the quality of 2D images and the requirement of long pulse discharges. …
NAID 150000111177

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拡張検索	「sodium-dependent organic anion transporter」「active ion transport」「organic anion transporter 2」「organic anion transporting polypeptide 2」
関連記事	「transport」「ion」「ION」