WordNet

a substance prepared according to a formula; "the physician prescribed a commercial preparation of the medicine" (同)preparation
the style of expressing yourself; "he suggested a better formulation"; "his manner of expression showed how much he cared" (同)expression
available only with a doctors written prescription; "a prescription drug"
directions prescribed beforehand; the action of prescribing authoritative rules or directions; "I tried to follow her prescription for success"
written instructions for an optician on the lenses for a given person
written instructions from a physician or dentist to a druggist concerning the form and dosage of a drug to be issued to a given patient
the act of treating with medicines or remedies
the activity of putting or setting in order in advance of some act or purpose; "preparations for the ceremony had begun" (同)readying
(music) a note that produces a dissonant chord is first heard in a consonant chord; "the resolution of one dissonance is often the preparation for another dissonance"
directions for making something (同)formula
prepare according to a formula

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉公式化 / 〈C〉明確な表現
〈U〉指示(規定)すること / 〈C〉規定,指示 / 〈C〉(薬などの)処方;処方せん;処方薬 / 〈U〉時効;長期間の使用による権利,貫行
〈C〉〈U〉薬剤,医薬品 / 〈U〉薬剤を添加(投入)すること;薬物治療
〈U〉《a ~》(…の)『用意』《+『of+名』》 / 〈C〉《複数形で》(…のための)準備《+『for+名』》 / 〈U〉準備されている状態 / 〈U〉《英》宿題;予宿 / 〈C〉(調理した)食品,(調合した)薬剤
〈守るべき規則・方針など〉‘を'『規定する』,『勧める』,指示する / 《『prescribe』+『名』〈人〉+『名』〈薬〉=『prescribe』+『名』+『for』+『名』》〈人〉‘に'〈薬〉‘を'処方する / 規定する,資示する / (病人・病気に対して)処方を書く
(食物・飲物などの)作り方,処方《+『for』+『名』》 / (…の)秘けつ,妙法《+『for』+『名』》
〈考え・理論・計画など〉‘を'明確に(系統立てて)述べる / …‘を'公式で表す
〈C〉《通例a~》1回分の投薬量 / 〈U〉《まれ》投薬

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/16 13:09:14」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

Formulation is a term used in various senses in various applications, both the material and the abstract or formal. Its fundamental meaning is the putting together of components in appropriate relationships or structures, according to a formula. It might help to reflect that etymologically Formula is the diminutive of the Latin Forma, meaning shape.

In that sense a formulation is created according to the standard for the product.

Abstract applications

Disciplines in which one might use the word formulation in the abstract sense include logic, mathematics, linguistics, legal theory, and computer science. For details, see the related articles.

Material applications

In more material senses the concept of formulation appears in the physical sciences, such as physics, chemistry, and biology. It also is ubiquitous in industry, engineering and medicine, especially pharmaceutics.

Pharmacy

In pharmacy, a formulation is a mixture or a structure such as a capsule, a pill, tablet, or an emulsion, prepared according to a specific procedure (called a “formula”). Formulations are a very important aspect of creating medicines, since they are essential to ensuring that the active part of the drug is delivered to the correct part of the body, in the right concentration, and at the right rate (not too fast and not too slowly). A good example is a drug delivery system that exploits supersaturation. They also need to have an acceptable taste (in the case of pills, tablets or syrups), last long enough in storage still to be safe and effective when used, and be sufficiently stable both physically and chemically to be transported from where they are manufactured to the eventual consumer. Competently designed formulations for particular applications are safer, more effective, and more economical than any of their components used singly.

Other examples of product formulations

Formulations are commercially produced for drugs, cosmetics, coatings, dyes, alloys, cleaning agents, foods, lubricants, fuels, fertilisers, pesticides and many others.

Components

Components (also called ingredients), when mixed according to a formula, create a formulation.

Some components impart specific properties to the formulation when it is put into use. For example, certain components (polymers) are used in paint formulations to achieve deforming or levelling properties.^[1] Some components of a formulation may only be active in particular applications.

A formulation may be created for any of the following purposes:

to achieve effects that cannot be obtained from its components when these are used singly
to achieve a higher degree of effectiveness
to facilitate any potential synergistic action of their components^[2]
to improve handling properties and often safety for the user

References

^ Paints, Coatings and Inks Formulation Daily updated library of Articles and Editorials; Additives, Resins & Pigments Database; Technical Solutions to innovate with Paints, Coatings, and Inks
^ Introduction to Formulation Science

UpToDate Contents

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1. シスチン蓄積症 cystinosis
2. 月経抑制のためのホルモン避妊法 hormonal contraception for suppression of menstruation
3. 成人における季節性インフルエンザワクチン seasonal influenza vaccination in adults
4. オピオイド系薬剤を用いた癌疼痛のマネージメント：至適鎮痛作用 cancer pain management with opioids optimizing analgesia
5. クロニジンおよびイミダゾリンによる中毒 clonidine and related imidazoline poisoning

English Journal

Effect of a Semisolid Formulation of Linum usitatissimum L. (Linseed) Oil on the Repair of Skin Wounds.

de Souza Franco E, de Aquino CM, de Medeiros PL, Evencio LB, da Silva Goes AJ, de Souza Maia MB.SourceDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil.
Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM.Evid Based Complement Alternat Med.2012;2012:270752. Epub 2011 Jun 14.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a semisolid formulation of linseed oil, SSFLO (1%, 5%, or 10%) or in natura linseed oil on skin wounds of rats. We used wound models, incisional and excisional, to evaluate, respectively, the contraction/reepithelialization of the wound and
PMID 21747895

Interactions between Bovine Serum Albumin and Oxidized Sodium Alginate in Solution.

Gao C, Liu M, Chen J, Chen C.SourceState Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China. mzliu@lzu.edu.cn.
Journal of biomaterials science. Polymer edition.J Biomater Sci Polym Ed.2012;22(12):1639-1650. Epub 2010 Aug 6.
This paper focuses on the interactions between oxidized sodium alginate (OSA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) at the molecular level with the purpose to provide basic information for optimizing the biological utilization and pharmaceutical applications of OSA. The results revealed that OSA could stro
PMID 20699058

An improved method for the preparations of nanostructured lipid carriers containing heat-sensitive bioactives.

Hung LC, Basri M, Tejo BA, Ismail R, Nang HL, Hassan HA, May CY.SourceDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Malaysian Palm Oil Board, P.O. Box 10620, 50720 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces.Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces.2011 Oct 1;87(1):180-6. Epub 2011 May 17.
Heat-sensitive bioactive compounds such as β-carotene and tocols, are widely used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields. Their chemical stability in delivery systems is one of the major concerns in the production of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). A previously established high-temperature
PMID 21652183

Japanese Journal

レーリーの原理の逆問題型定式化に基づくせん断型構造物の剛性決定法 : 力学変分原理の逆問題型定式化と構造最適化(その1)

日本建築学会構造系論文集 80(717), 1677-1686, 2015-11
NAID 40020642614

Self-organizing Map Analysis for Understanding Comprehensive Relationships between Formulation Variables, State of Water, and the Physical Stability of Pharmaceutical Emulsions